~ MILITARY

MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES

CO

W

15

A

WA S 12 0 400

C:HRIST()PHER ROTI-IERO

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1277-1- 2

n '~8 .' 'I 1'1111 'I' I 16 Willi, m (I' ormand, landed n ar Ha~ling' and pr'p red t meet Ihe ,\nglo' axon arm of King H r Id Godwin on. n 10 '1 I er 10)6 til 1\ 0 armie: mel; and I' :ix hOUl' or fig-hlin~ Ihe Anglo- axon army was crushed and Ih ir king lain, Thi W&' thl' Ian .Ut' ('ssl'ld ill\'
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Balli s

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Major banles and ca des buill by the Plantagenel kin Wale. and rhe arches belween 1250 and '400.

Llewellyn' ((lll( .. crs in :ardi anshire while Rog-cr ~1 lrlinll'r led til i\larcltlT 1I0ble' 'Ig-ain '( Ll t '\\ 'II. 11 in ('Iural \\'all'~. As tiJc'( Iwo 'p "rh 'a I' ',dVHI1C'd t hOllsands el. hmcn originall In al to LI 'wellYI1 r. II il and marcili'd alongside the Eng-lish troop, I aving I ell 'n ilh solid 'upport only from th m n f 'wyn lei, In.Jul· t'277 Edward to k . mmand arth' m' in Eng-lish arm} at WorlT'ler. 'upporlcd I) the here litar' :on, tablr, Ih Earl of' H r r r I, the ~1arsltal, Lh E rI or .1 or folk, and lew,1I n's broth I' David, he began hi low march up the vall 'ys I' th .' \. rn • nd Ihe Dec. ',dw'lrd': slratcg, wa to, dvan . , ill a !wries stages < I >nj?; the north \VeIsh coast (i'OI11 .hesler 10 I'lint anJ fi- III Rlltld II n t thl m uth of he om ay, Tn asc tltt'j>.l',.ag fLh' g-r 'al army and ilS (all w rs a path bow, hot \ ide, wa cut aero" Ihe heavily WO(l[1 an I':nglish stronghold, Bruce's guerilla bands raidcd ami pillaged virtually unopposed. By the ('nd of 1308 Bruce rukd mosl or his homcland north or t ht' Tay. and in the carly mont hs of 1309 he recaptured mom s;,.. "I.. 'wh I' pmn...... 'oward.. '" truncatl'd con.., "yr.. mid or olh.. r I r brought his ri -hL n Ilk fI rward and turn d it n rth- a t t f' r its wa al ng th lank r th burn. 1\1' h I' in the nglish arm b 'gan to ass mbl a la l lh ir I thai torr nl of t l-tipp d arr w f'allin n lh advancing c ts; but before uld br ak Lhe ranks of spearm n Bruce' cavalr h rg d rr m th r ar and cut th m Lo I i . Bru thr \0 in his r ,ervc hidd n until now in Lhl.' dell' lind rgrowth near th . tiding r d.

Then tilt' great mass of Scottish peasants and camp followers joilled the conflict, rushing among the English knights to kill and plunder the wounded English chivalry where they sank and suflOcated in the sodden peat. Sellsing imminent defeat, Edward's R"reat army broke and fled. The king, hacking his way through the wild Scots with his great bailie-axe, was first ofrthe field, and did not SlOp until he reached the castle at Dunbar. After Hastings, Bannockburn was the greatest and most humiliating English defeat in medieval history, The Earl of Glouccster, six barons, 200 knights and thousands or common soldiers wen: killed that day, Tht' Earls or Hererord and Angus and SOlllt 70 knights were captured, and ransom negotiations for thcir releasc went on for a whole year aftt iOll of the royal sironghoid and plunder, On this occasion the English did in dosc to til(: border at Berwick. With Randolf and fllct ellter Scotland and advance to ~vlclrose and Douglas al their head, Scol1ish raiding panics Edinburgh; but the SCOIS melted away before them, spilled o\'cr lhe borders, burning Appleby, laying wasting the cOllntryside ;lS lhey went. After IWo waSH' tht \\'Ilnlf' ofTYlledale, and on aile occasion weeks of beating the heather on thl' barren hills of attacking: the doors of Richmond Castle. A year l.othian an exhausted and starving English army later J)udlarn was bUrlled and Hanlepool sacked. IlIrTled and trudged south. Bruce did not allow This could nell go Ull. Undl'r pressure from the them to go unscathed, He took his troops over lhe pcen:oftlw llortllcrn COlllllics, F:dward II began to Solw Welsh had in gcncral supported Richard's CllI a ~(J]jd hedge of~pcar·poinb, and to drivc before lIwm sup('rior numbers of till' cncmy who W('l"(' ullahle ro \\id1Sland the stcady prc'ssure and lhl' linal appa1Jiul-: impact. Illitially lilt, Swts used II I .. Edmund Cro/lchback, /270$ &s the ~hillrom wirh great suecf's.... 111 September Edmund Crouchback was born on (6 January r~97, as \,'(' have seel1, Wallace and Andrc\\' dc 1224, the youngl'st son or Henry III and younger ),Ioray total!) ddi:atcd \\'arClllw and Cressingham brOlher of Edward I. He did not panieipatc in lhe al Stirling: Bridf.lc; but their fortul1cs wcre reversed war IXI ween Simon de Montfort and his father, but al Falkirk a year I:tlcr. whcn Edward I lIsed archers did take the CrllsadcI"s Cross, and foughl with agaimt thopt'armcn (though it is wonh noting that diSlinction at Acre, Al the age 01'2 I be was given the rhe Eng-li~h almoslloSI the haltlc lhrough a pointlcs... Ihree \·aSl earldoms or Derby. L:lncaslcr ami opcnillA ,;walr) charJ.:(', and th(' late deploymclll of Leiccsler, together with large areas or land in the archcrs\. Welsh ),llan::hes, In 1~76 Edmund was called upon At Ballllllekhurn in r314 Edward II seems ro to sci-ve in the Welsh Wars, and in til(' following haw lurgollt rkli'omthc\\eatherorth heal r lh .'un. I mw;[ be renll'l11berC'c! that rain could make thc iron link. ortlw hauberk rust. 1'11' Uf oat wa: al'o a cOI1\'cni 'nl 'llrHl on whi h to displa ' the' w alTr':> I ersunal arms, The I'g' and feet ar' en lo.ed in mail 'st king" wilh metal or hard n d I ath I' pole II, at Ihe kn' ". II "ms lik I ' that part fr m 'IJ\ cring th . knee,,>, the pole 'no prohabl)' formed a pint of :('paraLion for the mail on th' upper and Ie wer I g' dlU.' n'e1uring- thl' hea\'y drag r til(' mass or links.

he han I: me s\ or I has '} 'urvccl TOS, guard turn d toward. the bl de. nd til p mm Ii, spherical wilh an ornate quatr'Coil mounted in its c ntn'. he weapon i. su pcnded from a br ad b It de orated with altC:'rnat..in~ J Jaque. 'howing Edmund'. coat of arm and \ h t appear, La b(' a sing-I' red lion rampant on a gold ficIci, The arm, displa 'ed 11 shi Id < nd 'ure
(

I: Robert Fitzwalter, c. 1300 2: Aymerde Valence, early 14th C. 3: John Comyn 'the Red', c. 1300

1: coUI h archer 2: Prince John of Eltham, 1336

3: cotti h spearman, early 14th C.

I: William W8.lllilce, GUlilrdian SCotland, c. J300 2: ROberl the Bruce,

or

KingorScotJand. c. J3JI'S

2

I: Edward I, KingorEngland, c. 1280 2: Owen Glendower, c. 1400

,

(

1,2,3: Footsoldiel'lJ. 14th C.

I: Ralph, Lord Staft'ord., 1300, 2: Oliver d'lngham, tint half 14th c. 3: Almarlc de Saint Amand. lint half 14th C.

I

1: Engli h crossbowman 2: uy. Lord Bryan. 1330 3: Engli h archer