VIRGIL HART & OSBORN NEW YORK 1882 © Gérard Gréco 2016 - All rights reserved composed with LuaTEX and the Lua code of Paul Isambert.
THE GEORGICS OF
PUBLIUS VIRGILIUS MARO.
BOOK 1. Quid faciat lætas segetes : What
can make
joyful
quo
corn-fields:
sidere
by what
constellation
conveniat
it may be proper
vertere terram, ô Mæcenas, que adjungere vites to turn up
quæ what
the earth,
cura
the care
is
O
Mæcenas,
to join
boûm, qui cultus of oxen,
what
atque quanta experientia and
and
how great
sit
nursing
habendo
shall be
parcis
experience
ulmis,
the vines to the elms,
for preserving
pecori, the flock,
apibus ; hinc incipiam
for the frugal
bees;
hence
I will begin
canere. Vos ô clarissima lumina mundi ; quæ ducitis annum, to sing.
Ye
labentem
gliding through
tellus
the earth
miscuit
brightest
lights
of the world;
that
lead out
cælo. Liber et alma Ceres, si vestro munere the sky.
Bacchus
and
cheering
Ceres,
if
by your
mutavit Chaoniam glandem pingui
has changed
intermingled
the year,
Chaoniam
Acheloia pocula Achelous
cups
mast
uvis
with grapes
aristâ,
for the rich
favour
ears of corn,
que and
inventis : et vos, Fauni, discovered:
and
you,
ye Fauns,
præsentia numina agrestium ; que Fauni que puellæ Dryades ye present
deities
simul
ferte pedem. Cano vestra munera ; que tu, ô
at the same time advance
of rustics;
your foot.
both ye Fauns and
I sing
your
ye maiden
offerings;
and
Dryads
thou, O
2
virgil.
Neptune,
cui
Neptune,
prima tellus, percussa
to whom
first
the earth,
magno
struck
tridenti,
with your great
fudit
frementem equum ; et
cui
ter centum nivei juvenci tondent pinguia dumeta
sent forth
the neighing
for whom three
horse;
hundred
cultor
trident,
nemorum,
and thou inhabitant
snowy
bullocks
of the groves
crop
(Aristæus),
the rich
shrubbery
Ceæ ; ipse Pan, custos ovium, linquens patrium nemus, of Cææ;
thou,
Pan,
keeper
of sheep,
leaving
your native
grove,
que saltus Lycæi, si tua Mænala tibi curæ, Tegeæe, and
lawns
adsis
of Lyceus,
if
your
Mænalus
is your
favens, que Minerva inventrix
be present
favouring,
and
puer monstrator boy
Minerva
unci
discoverer
cypress
from
studium study
tueri
and
the fields,
fruges de nullo semine ; from
no
seed
largum imbrem a copious
and
thou
bearing
a tender
que Deæ, quibus
ye Gods
and
Goddesses,
whose
omnes, que qui alitis novas all,
sown;
cælo,
shower
Silvanus,
Dî
all
arva,
to guard
it is
que
of the olive,
Pan,
aratri, et Silvane, ferens teneram
of the crooked plough, and the foot,
O Tegean
oleæ,
inventress
cupressum ab radice, que omnes
fruits
care,
both
who
cherish
que qui demittitis and
who
send down
new
satis
on the corn-fields
que adeo tu, Cæsar, quem est
from heaven,
and
thus
thou,
Cæsar,
whom
it is
incertum quæ concilia Deorum sint habitura mox, velisne doubtful
what
councils
of the Gods
are
about to be held
soon,
invisere urbes, que curam terrarum ; et maximus you will visit the cities, and
accipiat
of the earth;
and
the most
orbis
extended globe
te auctorem frugum, que potentem tempestatum,
shall receive thee
the author
cingens tempora binding
the care
whether
of fruits,
maternâ
your temples with your maternal
immensi
of the wide-spread
ultima
most remote
generum
maris, ac sea,
Thule
for a son-in-law
Thule
sibi
and
myrto ; myrtle;
powerful
an
in tempests,
venias
Deus
whether you shall come the God
nautæ colant tua numina sola ;
the sailors
serviat
shall preserve
for herself
and
worship
tibi, que Tethys thee,
and
omnibus undis ; with all
thy
her waves;
Tethys
anne
whether
divinity
emat
shall purchase
addas
thou wilt add
alone;
te
thee
te
thyself
the georgics. book 1. novum a new
sidus
tardis mensibus, quâ locus panditur inter
constellation to the slow
months,
Erigonen que Chelas Erigone
3
and
the claws
where a place
lies open
sequentes jam pursuing
(of the scorpion)
between
ardens
now
the burning
Scorpius ipse contrahit bracchia tibi, et relinquit plus justâ Scorpion
himself
parte
draws
in his arms for you, and
cæli. Quidquid
an equal part of heaven.
Whatever
sperent te regem, nec
tam
you for its king,
veniat
tibi ; quamvis Græcia miretur although
permit
Greece
more
(nam nec (for
than
Tartara
neither does Tartarus
dira cupido regnandi
expect
should come to you;
nor
eris
deity you will be
leaves
that so dreadful admires
a desire
of reigning
Elysios campos, nec Elysian
her
plains,
nor
Proserpina repetita, curet sequi matrem) da facilem cursum, does Proserpine redemanded,
care
to follow her mother) grant
an easy
course,
atque annue audacibus cœptis : que miseratus agrestes and
yield
ignaros
to our daring
viæ,
undertakings:
and
compassionating
mecum ingredere, et jam nunc with me
enter,
of the way,
vocari
votis.
canis
montibus, et putris gleba resolvit se
zephyro ;
mihi taurus incipiat ingemere
depresso
Novo
from the hoary
jam tum even
then
mountains,
let
aratro, et plough,
vomer
seges demum respondet corn-field
at length
sensit bis felt
twice
answers
the summer
ignotum
the unknown
have burst
æquor plain
and
clod
attritus worn
be accustomed
moisture
unbinds
to groan
sulco
under the deep-pressed
splendescere. Illa
in the furrow
votis
twice
horrea.
store-houses.
ferro,
with the iron plough, manner
distils
itself to tho west winds;
shine.
avari
to the wishes of the avaricious
sun;
his
the varied
cold
begin
ventos, et varium morem the winds,
when
solem ; bis frigora :
messes ruperunt illius harvests
spring,
bull
and let the ploughshare
now
vere, cum gelidus humor liquitur
and the rotten
my
even
assuesce
ignorant
to be invoked by vows. In the new
and
the rustics
the cold
That
agricolæ, quæ farmer,
of winter:
which
immensæ immense
At priusquam scindimus But
before
sit
let it be our
cæli,
of the weather;
cura prædiscere care
ac que
and
we cut up
both
to foretell
our
patrios fathers'
4
virgil.
cultus que habitus locorum ; et quid quæque regio cultivation
and
the habits
of the places; and
what
each
ferat,
region
produces,
et quid quæque recuset. Hic segetes, illic uvæ veniunt and
what
each one
felicius :
Here
corn,
the forest
produce,
and
grasses
Nonne vides ut Tmolus
elsewhere.
Do not
mittit
ebur,
sends forth
there
grapes
increase
arborei fetus, atque gramina injussa virescunt
more happily:
alibi.
refuses.
ivory,
Chalybes Chalybes
you see how
Tmolus
molles
Sabæi
the effeminate
produces
spontaneous
croceos odores, India
steel,
odours,
thura
At
their own frankincense?
ferrum, que Pontus
send forth
saffron
sua
Sabæans and
flourish
Pontus
nudi
But
virosa
India
the naked
castorea,
strong-scented
castor,
Epirus palmas Eliadum equarum. Continuo natura imposuit Epirus
the choice
Elian
mares.
At first
nature
established
has leges que æterna fœdera certis locis, quo tempore these
laws
and
eternal
rules
on certain
places,
at which
time
primum Deucalion jactavit lapides in vacuum orbem, unde first
Deucalion
threw
stones
homines, durum genus, men,
a hardy
nati.
race,
turn over
mensibus
the fertile
anni ;
months
soil
the empty
Ergo
were produced.
tauri invertant pingue solum bulls
into
Therefore
terræ
of the earth
globe,
age,
fortes
come on,
extemplo immediately
whence
et the strong
a
from
primis the first
que pulverulenta æstas coquat jacentes
of the year;
and
let the dusty
summer
bake
the scattered
glebas maturis solibus. At si tellus non fuerit fecunda, clods
sat
with timely
enough
suns.
erit
fertile,
it will be
suspendere tenui sulco sub Arcturum ipsum : illic to raise it up
by a ligth
ne herbæ officiant lest the grass
deserat desert
cessare to rest
Aut ibi Or
But if the earth should not be
lætis
injure
sterilem
the unproductive
alternis
the joyous
beneath
Arcturus
itself:
there
frugibus : hic ne exiguus humor fruits:
here lest
the scanty
moisture
arenam. Tu idem patiere tonsas novales sand.
in alternate years,
seres
furrow
Do you
also
suffer
the mown
et segnem campum durescere
and
the slothful
plain
flava farra, sidere
there you shall sow the yellow
corn,
to harden
new fields
situ.
with rust.
mutato, unde prius
the season being changed, whence
before
the georgics. book 1. sustuleris
lætum legumen quassante siliquâ, aut tenues
you have borne away the abundant
fetus
viciæ,
offspring
5
pulse
with shaking
que fragiles calamos
of the vetch,
and
the brittle
pod,
or
tristis
stalks
lupini, que
of the coarse
lupine,
sonantem silvam. Enim seges lini urit campum, the rattling
urit,
burns it, your
grove.
For
a crop
of flax burns
the plain,
papavera perfusa Lethæo somno urunt. poppies
tinctured
labor facilis labour
is easy
with Lethean
alternis,
tantum
in alternate years,
arida sola pingui fimo ; neve with rich manure;
sleep
burnt
ne
only
the light
a crop
and
avenæ of oats
Sed tamen
it. But
yet
pudeat saturare
be not
ashamed
to fill
jactare immundum cinerem
the dry
soil
per
effetos agros. Sic quoque arva requiescunt, fetibus
through the worn-out
mutatis :
fields.
nec
being changed:
nor
Often
Thus
fail to scatter
also
interea
is there
profuit
also
filthy
the fields
est
in the meantime
terræ. Sæpe etiam land.
nor
ashes
rest,
nulla gratia no
favour
the produce
inaratæ
to the unploughed
incendere steriles agros, atque
it has profited
to burn
the barren
fields,
and
urere levem stipulam crepitantibus flammis ; sive kindle
the light
terræ
the lands
straw
in the rattling
flames;
concipiunt occultas vires et pinguia pabula ; sive receive
secret
powers
and
per ignem omne vitium excoquitur by
inde
whether from thence
the fire
all
impurity
is dried up
rich
illis,
substance;
from them,
or
atque inutilis and
the useless
humor exsudat ; seu ille calor relaxat plures vias, et cæca moisture
sweats off;
spiramenta, vents,
or
the
heat
lays open
more
ways, and the dark
qua succus veniat in novas herbas ; seu
through which
sap
may come into the young
plants;
or
durat magis et astringit hiantes venas, ne tenues
whether it hardens
more
and
binds
pluviæ, ve acrior potentia showers,
frigus cold
or
more active
boreæ
the north wind
power
the sluggish
rapidi
of the powerful
veins,
clods
Thus
rastris,
with harrows,
lest
the light
solis, aut penetrabile sun,
or
adurat. Adeo multum juvat
may hurt it.
frangit inertes glebas breaks
the opening
he much
assists
the piercing
arva,
the fields,
qui
who
que trahit vimineas crates and
draws
the osier
hurdles
6
virgil.
(que
ne
(and
flava
neither
alto Olympo), et lofty
Heaven),
suscitat raises
Ceres nequicquam spectat illum
does yellow and
terga,
in vain
behold
who
again
in the ploughed
breaks up
æquore,
the earth
and
from
aratro
plain,
which
verso
the harrow
being turned
que frequens exercet atque imperat
an oblique direction,
ab
him
qui rursus perrumpit tellurem quæ
he
proscisso
the furrows,
obliquum,
Ceres
frequently
exercises
and
in in
arvis.
subdues
the fields.
Agricolæ, orate humida solstitia, atque serenas hiemes. Farra Ye farmers,
pray
lætissima,
for moist
summers,
and
clear
winters.
Corn
ager lætus hiberno pulvere. Mysia jactat
is most joyous and the field is glad in the wintery
dust.
Mysia
se
boasts herself
tantum nullo cultu, et ipsa Gargara mirantur suas messes. so much
with no culture, and
Quid dicam What
shall I say of him
arva,
que
the fields,
and
ruit
piles up
even
Gargara
qui, semine who,
the seed
admires
jacto,
being cast,
his own
harvests.
cominus insequitur immediately
pursues
cumulos male pinguis arenæ ? et cum heaps
of unfruitful
sand?
and
when
exustus ager æstuat, herbis, morientibus, ecce elicit undam the burnt
field
dries up,
the herbs,
dying,
lo
supercilio clivosi tramitis : illa cadens to the brow
of a rough
tract:
it
falling
leads down the water
per
lêvia
through the smooth
saxa,
rocks,
ciet raucum murmur, que temperat arentia arva scatebris. excites
Quid What
a hoarse
murmuring,
feeds down the corn
cools
the parched
fields
with rills.
qui, ne culmus procumbat gravidis
shall I say of him who, lest
depascit luxuriem sata
and
the stalk
segetum
should fall
aristis,
with heavy ears of corn,
in tenera herbâ cum primum
the abundance of the corn-fields in the tender
plant
when
first
æquant sulcos, que qui deducit collectum humorem equals
the furrows,
paludis
bibulâ
incertis
mensibus
of the meadow with the spongy in the doubtful
months
and
who
draws off
the collected
moisture
arenâ ? præsertim si amnis abundans sand?
exit,
especially
if
et tenet omnia
a river
abounding
late
obducto
goes forth, and covers all things far around widspreading
limo, unde cavæ lacunæ sudant tepido humore. Nec tamen mud,
whence the hollow
ditches
perspire with warm
moisture.
Nor
yet
the georgics. book 1.
7
(cum labores que hominum que boum experti sint (when
the labours both
of men
and
of oxen
hæc
have tried
these things
versando terrain ;) improbus anser ; que Strymoniæ grues, in cultivating
the earth;)
the mischievous
goose;
and
Strymonian
et intuba amaris fibris, officiunt nihil, aut and succory with bitter
fibres,
Pater
injure
nothing,
ipse haud voluit
The Father of the Gods himself does not
will
or
cranes,
umbra nocet.
does the shade
viam,
injure.
colendi
that the way of cultivating should
esse facilem, que primus movit agros per artem, acuens be
easy,
and
first
moves
mortalia corda curis, nec mortal
feelings by cares,
the fields
passus
nor
by
art,
sua regna
does he suffer his own
sharpening
torpere
realms
to become useless
gravi veterno. Ante Jovem, nulli coloni subigebant arva ; by heavy
sloth.
Before
Jupiter,
no
husbandmen
subdued
nec quidem erat fas signare, aut partiri campum nor
indeed
was it right to mark out,
Quærebant They sought
or
to divide
the fields;
limite.
the plain
by a boundary.
in medium, que tellus ipsa ferebat in
every thing
common,
and
the earth
itself
produced
omnia, liberius, nullo poscente. Ille addidit malum virus all things,
more freely,
no one
atris serpentibus, que to black
serpents,
and
demanding.
jussit
and
added
shook off
honey
to plunder,
foliis,
restrained
usus
wine
running
poison
and
the sea
que removit ignem,
from leaves,
and
et repressit vina currentia passim and
pernicious
lupos prædari, que pontum
commanded the wolves
moveri ; que decussit mella to be moved;
He
removed
fire,
rivis ; ut meditando
everywhere
in rivers;
that
by meditating
extunderet varias artes paulatim, et quæreret herbam
experience might elaborate various
frumenti of corn
sulcis,
arts
by degrees,
and
seek for
et excuderet abstrusum ignem
in the furrows, and
strike out
the hidden
fire
the blade
venis
from the veins
silicis.
Tunc primum fluvii sensere cavatas alnos ; turn
navita
fecit numeros et nomina stellis, Pleiadas, Hyadas,
of the flint.
the navigator
Then
gave
first
numbers
the rivers experienced the hollowed and
names
to the stars, the Pleiades,
que claram Arcton Lycaonis. Tum and
the shining
Bear
of Lycaon.
alders;
Then
inventum
it was found out how
then
Hyades,
captare to catch
8
virgil.
feras
laqueis, et fallere
visco,
et circumdare magnos
wild beasts with snares, and to delude with birdlime, and
to surround
the extensive
saltus canibus. Atque alius jam verberat latum amnem lawns
with dogs.
fundâ,
alta ;
seeking
pelago. Tum Then
(nam primi (for
one
petens
with a casting net, in the sea.
And
the first
the broad
and
another
draws
ferri, atque lamina
the rigour men
beat
stream
que alius trahit humida lina
the deep;
rigor
now
of iron
scindebant cut
and
fissile
lines
argutæ
plates
the divisible
the moist
serræ
of the grating
saw
lignum cuneis), turn wood
with wedges),
then
variæ artes venere. Improbus labor vincit omnia, et egestas various
arts
came.
Severe
urgens in duris
rebus.
urgent
in
labour overcame all things, and
poverty
Ceres prima instituit mortales
our severe circumstances.
Ceres
first
taught
mortals
vertere terram ferro ; cum jam glandes atque arbuta to turn up the earth with steel; when now
acorns
and
sacræ
arbutes
of the sacred
silvæ deficerent, et Dodona negaret victum. Et mox labor wood
failed,
Dodona
additus frumentis ; ut being added
to the corn;
the dull
mala
that pernicious
que segnis carduus and
denied
horreret
thistle
food.
And presently
rubigo esset mildew
should
labour
culmos,
corrode
the stalks,
in arvis. Segetes intereunt ;
should bristle up in the fields. The harvests
die;
aspera silva subit, que lappæ que tribuli, que inter nitentia a rough
culta
cultivated
wood comes up, fields
and
burrs
and
brambles,
and
amidst the shining
infelix lolium et steriles avenæ dominantur.
the hapless
darnel
and
barren
oats
rule.
Quod nisi insectabere terram assiduis rastris, et terrebis But
unless
you persecute
aves
sonitu, et premes umbras opaci ruris
the birds with noise, and
the earth
restrain
with continual
the shadows of the dark
vocaveris imbrem votis ; heu, frustra invoke
the shower
by vows;
alas,
acervum alterius, que solabere hoard
of another,
quercu in oak
in
silvis.
the woods.
and
console
in vain
harrows,
field
and
falce,
with the sickle,
spectabis
shall you behold
famem
que and
magnum
the great
concussa
your appetite by acorns from the shaken
Et dicendum, quæ arma sint
And
frighten
it is to be sung,
what
tools
are
duris
to the hardy
the georgics. book 1. agrestibus ;
sine
rustics;
quis messes potuere
without
which
surgere. Primum spring up.
harvests
vomis,
First
et
the ploughshare,
and
que
slow
tribula
and
the heavy
and
drags,
and
nor
inflexi
of the unbending
Eleusinæ
wagon
nec
be sown,
wood
matris,
of the Eleusinian
que traheæ, et rastri
threshing drays
seri,
neither
grave robur
and
rolling
nec
can
aratri, que tarda volventia plaustra plough,
9
mother,
Ceres,
iniquo pondere ;
harrows
of unequal
weight;
præterea virgea que vilis supellex Celei, arbuteæ crates, et besides
the osier
and common
furniture
mystica vannus Iacchi ; omnia the mystical
fan
of Bacchus;
of Celeus,
quæ
all
mindful
do you lay by, if the worthy
Continuo in silvis Forthwith
protentus a
receives
is forced
duplici
dorso aptantur. Et ante
jugo,
to
eight
are fitted.
feet,
And
and
the high
beech,
two
first
que alta fagus, que
for the yoke,
plough.
stirpe in octo pedes, binæ
from the stock back
thee.
vi
in
aratri. Huic temo,
of the crooked
extended
with a double
awaits
with great strength into
curvi
the shape
To this
aures,
earth hoards,
levis
the slender
stiva,
and
before
ruris manet te.
of the divine country
elm
et accipit formam
a plough handle, and
long
flexa ulmus domatur magnâ
in the woods the flexile
burim,
provided
divini
honour
hurdles, and
provisa multo ante
which things
memor repones, si digna gloria
arbute
tilia
lime tree
a pole,
dentalia coulters
cæditur
is cut down
quæ torqueat imos
the ploughtail, which
may turn
the low
currus a tergo ; et fumus explorat robora suspensa focis. carriage
from
behind;
and
smoke
seasons
the wood
hung over
Possum referre tibi multa præcepta veterum, I can
them,
describe
que and
piget
it grieves you
area æquanda floor
to you
many
to know
by dust
these light
concerns.
rollor,
fatiscat.
chalk,
manu,
lest the grass should come up,
Tum variæ pestes illudunt ; Then
various
the first
et
and to be exercised by the hand, and
tenaci cretâ, ne herbæ subeant, neu
it should crack.
you reject
When
ingenti cylindro, et vertenda
to be rendered firm by adhesive
pulvere
ni refugis,
of the ancients, unless
cognoscere tenues curas. Cum primis
is to be levelled with a great
solidanda
commands
fires.
plagues
delude
nor
victa
overcome
our hopes;
sæpe
often
10
virgil.
exiguus mus que possuit domos the little
mouse
horrea ;
or
moles,
inventus
the toad
has placed
terris, atque fecit
beneath the earth,
oculis,
and
made
fodêre cubilia ; que
deprived of their eyes,
cavis,
discovered
sub
his nest
aut talpæ, capti
his store-houses;
bufo
both
had dug
their beds;
et plurima monstra, quæ
in hollows,
and
many
monsters,
and
terræ
which
the earth
ferunt ; que curculio atque formica, metuens inopi senectæ, produces;
and
the weevil
and
the ant,
dreading
helpless
old age,
populat ingentem acervum farris. Item contemplator, cum lays waste
a great
silvis,
hoard
plurima
in the woods,
the full
flower,
and
superant, shall exceed
tritura
shall bend
by a profusion
with
branches:
corn
if
se in
itself
the fruit
shall follow,
heat.
foliorum, nequicquam of leaves,
in vain
Vidi
in
its
in quantity
and
a great
first
to wash
But
if
the shade
area
teret
abounds
the threshing floor shall bruise
culmos
the stalks
equidem multos serentes medicare Indeed
semina, et prius perfundere and
induet
shall clothe
when
frumenta sequentur, que magna
great
in chaff only. I have seen
the seed,
take notice,
cum magno calore. At si umbra exuberat
pingues paleâ. rich
(the almond)
scented
pariter
veniet
Also
olentes ramos : si fetus
its
the leaves, in like manner
threshing shall succeed
luxuria
nux
nut tree
bearing
florem, et curvabit
of corn.
many
sowing
to medicate
nitro et nigra amurcâ, ut
them with nitre and
black
lees of oil,
that
fetus esse grandior fallacibus siliquis ; et, quamvis properata the fruit may be
exiguo igni by a little
fire
larger
in the delusive
pods;
maderent,
vidi
vis
power
ruere rush
aliter
although
hastened
diu
lecta, et
they might become moist, I have seen them for a long time selected, and
spectata multo labore, degenerare culled out
and,
with much
labour,
to degenerate
tamen,
nevertheless,
nisi humana
unless
human
quotannis legeret quæque maxima manu. Sic omnia yearly
fatis
had chosen
in
whichever
pejus,
were largest by the hand. Thus all things
ac sublapsa retro referri ; non
by the fates to a worse condition, and falling away backward are borne;
otherwise
quam than
qui vix subigit lembum remigiis
he who hardly
guides
his boat
by oars
not
adverso
on the opposing
the georgics. book 1.
11
flumine, si forte remisit bracchia, atque alveus rapit illum stream,
if by chance he relaxed
præceps in headlong
prono
and
the stream
him
river.
Besides
as
the stars of Arcturus,
and
hædorum sunt servandi nobis, et lucidus anguis,
the days
of the kids
are
quam quibus, as
by those
to be observed
vectis
their country,
the sea
and
straits
Libra
by us,
per
being borne
who,
patriam, pontus et fauces
and
the stormy
ostriferi
has divided
the midst
in
towards
Abydi tentantur. Ubi
horas
et jam dividit medium orbem
snake,
seas,
of oyster bearing Abydos
fecerit
now
the shining
ventosa æquora,
through
diei
the constellation of the Scales has rendered the hours of the day and
bears
amni. Præterea tam sidera Arcturi, que
on the declining
dies
his arms,
are attempted. When
que somni pares, and
of sleep
equal,
luci atque umbris ; viri,
of the globe by light
and
shades;
O men,
exercete tauros, serite hordea campis, usque sub extremum exercise
your bulls,
imbrem shower
sow
barley
intractabilis
of the unmanageable
in the fields,
of flax and
winter.
Ceres'
incumbere rastris dum to press on
Likewise
hang over.
fabis
humo,
poppy
to hide
also,
O Medic
et
both
et jamdudum
in the ground, and
at length
licet
siccâ, tellure, dum nubila
vere :
tum putres sulci accipiunt
ground,
while the clouds
The sowing for beans is in the spring: then the rotten furrows
te quoque, Medica ; you
the last
it is the time
with harrows while it is allowed in the dry
pendent. Satio
near
brumæ. Necnon tempus tegere
segetem lini et Cereale papaver a crop
even to
et annua cura venit
plant; and the yearly
care
receive
milio,
comes to the millet,
cum when
candidus Taurus aperit annum auratis cornibus, et Canis the shining
Bull
opens
cedens
averso
retreating from the retiring
the year
with gilded
horns,
and
astro occidit. At si excercebis humum in star
sets.
But if
you cultivate
the ground for
triticeam messem que robusta farra, que instabis the wheaten
solis. alone.
harvest
Eoæ
Let the morning
and
the strong
Atlantides,
daughters of Atlas
corn,
the Gnosian
star
of the burning
and
(the Pleiades,)
que Gnosia stella ardentis coronæ, and
the Dog
crown
you strive
aristis ;
for ears of corn
abscondantur tibi, be concealed
(of Ariadne),
to you,
decedat ante withdraw
before
12
virgil.
quam committas that
debita
you shall intrust
properes credere spem you hasten
semina
the destined
to yield
anni
the hope
sulcis,
seeds
invitæ
of the year
que quam
to the furrows,
to the unwilling
and
that
terræ. Multi earth.
Many
cœpere ante occasum Maiæ, sed exspectata seges elusit illos have begun before
vanis
the setting
of Maiæ,
aristis. Vero si
with empty
ears.
But
but
the expected
seres
if
crop
deluded
them
que viciam que vilem
you should sow
both
the vetch
and
the mean
faselum, nec aspernabere curam Pelusiacæ lentis, cadens kidney bean,
nor
do you despise
the care
of the Egyptian
lentil,
setting
Bootes mittet signa haud obscura tibi. Incipe, et extende Bootes
will furnish
signs
not
sementem ad medias the sowing
to
obscure
to you.
pruinas.
the midst
Begin,
and
Idcirco aureus sol regit
of the hoarfrosts.
Therefore
the golden
orbem dimensum certis mensibus, per duodena
Quinque zonæ tenent cælum ; quarum una semper
rubens blushing
quam
corusco
with the glittering
extremæ
which
possess
of which
constellations
one
ever
sole, et semper torrida ab igni ; circum sun,
and
ever
trahuntur
the extremities
the sky;
the twelve
astra
mundi.
zones
through
governs
measured Five
months,
sun
the globe
of the world.
by certain
prolong
burning
dextrâ
are drawn
que
on the right
and
from the fire;
lævâ,
on the left,
around
concretæ hardened
cæruleâ glacie, atque atris imbribus. Inter has que medium, by the azure
ice,
and
by black
storms.
Among these and
in the midst,
duæ concessæ ægris mortalibus munere Divûm ; et two
granted
to sickly
mortals
secta per ambas, qua obliquus ordo cut
through
both,
via
by the favour of the Gods; and a way
where the winding
order
signorum
of the constellations
verteret
might turn
se. Ut mundus consurgit arduus ad Scythiam que Riphæas itself. As
the world
rises
arces ; premitur devexus towers;
it sinks
bending
high
in
to
Scythia
austros
and
the Riphean
Libyæ. Hic vertex
towards the south winds of Lybia.
Here the pole is
nobis semper sublimis ; at atra Styx videt, que profundi to us
manes shades
forever behold
high raised;
illum it
sub
but
beneath
black
Styx
sees it,
and
the deep
pedibus. Hic maximus anguis their feet.
Here
the great
snake
the georgics. book 1.
13
elabitur circum sinuoso flexu, que in morem fluminis, glides
around
per
by a winding
bend,
in
the manner
duas Arctos ; Arctos, metuentes
through
the two
oceani.
Bears;
the Bears,
tingi
fearing
There,
as
they say,
either
silet, et tenebræ densantur is silent, and
redit
of a river,
æquore
to be dipped
in the water
Illic, ut perhibent, aut intempesta nox semper
of the ocean.
darkness
the stormy
nocte
night
ever
obtentâ ; aut
thickens around in the night
prolonged;
aurora
or
the morning
a nobis, que reducit diem : que ubi primus oriens
returns from
us,
afflavit breathes
sun
and
and
brings back
the day:
and
when
the first
nos anhelis equis, illic rubens us
upon
with panting
horses,
there
rising
vesper
the blushing
evening star
accendit sera lumina. Hinc possumus prædiscere tempestates kindles
its late
dubio
in the doubtful
lights.
Hence
foretell
the storms
cælo, hinc que diem messis, que tempus serendi, sky,
hence
both the day of harvest,
et quando conveniat and
we can
when
it is proper
impellere
to drive through
and
the time
of sowing,
infidum marmor remis ;
the faithless
sea
with oars;
quando deducere armatas classes, aut evertere tempestivam when
pinum pine
to draw out
the armed
silvis.
or
to overthrow
Nor
in vain
do we watch
the year
equal
by four
different
Si quando frigidus imber continet agricolam, at any time
the cold
shower shall confine
the farmer
maturare quæ mox forent properanda to accomplish
Arator
The ploughman
et ortus
the settings and
risings
que annum parem quatuor diversis temporibus.
of the constellations, and If
the seasonable
Nec frustra speculamur obitus
in the woods.
signorum,
ships,
what
soon
will be
the hard
point
datur
to his house, it is allowed
cælo
to be hastened
when the sky
procudit durum dentem obtusi sharpens
seasons.
sereno.
is clear.
vomeris,
cavat
of the blunted ploughshare, hollows out
lintres arbore ; impressit aut signum pecori, aut numeros boats
from the tree;
acervos.
imprints
atque parant Amerina prepare
a mark
on the flock,
or
the numbers
Alii exacuunt vallos, que bicornes furcas,
on the heaps of corn. Others and
either
Amerine
sharpen willow
the stakes,
retinacula bands
and
two horned
lentæ
for the slender
forks,
viti. Nunc vine.
Now
14
virgil.
facilis
fiscina texatur
let the flexile your
basket
fruges
igni,
grain
even
right
now
jura
and
virga : nunc torrete
from the bramble
nunc frangite
by the fire,
etiam fas et
rubeâ
be woven
grind
twig:
now
saxo.
with the mill stone.
it
sinunt exercere quædam
the laws
permit
roast
to execute
certain
Quippe
For
festis
on holy
labours
diebus. Nulla religio vetuit deducere rivos, prætendere sepem days.
No
segeti,
religion has forbid
to draw off
streams,
to extend
a hedge
moliri insidias avibus, incendere vepres, que mersare
to the corn, to contrive
snares
for birds,
gregem balantum a flock
to burn
salubri
briars,
and
to plunge
fluvio. Sæpe agitator
of bleating sheep in the healthful
river.
Often
the driver
tardi
of the lazy
aselli onerat costas oleo, aut vilibus pomis ; que revertens ass
home
loads
his ribs
with oil,
reportat incusum brings back
urbe.
the indented mill
or
cheap
apples;
and
returning
lapidem, aut massam atræ picis, stone,
or
a mass
of black
pitch,
Luna ipsa dedit alios dies felices operum,
from the city. The moon herself has given other
ordine. Fuge quintam order.
Fly
satæ.
Tum
were born.
the fifth
upon this
nefando
Then
birth
happy
pale
Pluto,
terra
Iapetus
and
cruel
Typhoeus,
Eumenides the Furies
que Cœum
produced
que Iapetum que sævum Typhoea, et and
and
creat
the earth
alio
for labours, by another
pallidus Orcus,
partu
by a dreadful
days
both
fratres
Cœus
conjuratos
and the brothers having conspired
rescindere cælum, Scilicet ter conati sunt imponere Ossam to tear down
heaven.
For
thrice did they attempt
to place
Ossa
Pelio, atque involvere frondosum Olympum Ossæ : ter pater on Pelion, Jupiter
and
to roll
leafy
disjecit exstructos montes
threw down
decimam the tenth
upraised
felix,
and
to add
Thus
fulmine.
with his thunder.
to plant
telæ ;
the vine,
and
many
things
father
Septima post The seventh
to tame
after
prensos
the restrained
nona melior fugæ, contraria
the woof to the web; the ninth is better for flight,
furtis. Adeo multa to theft.
mountains
on Ossa: thrice
et ponere vitem, et domitare
is fortunate, both
boves, et addere licia oxen,
Olympus
dedere
have rendered
se
themselves
melius better
opposed
gelidâ
in the cold
the georgics. book 1. nocte ; aut cum Eous irrorat terras night;
or
when
the East
sprinkles
15 novo
the earth
sole. Nocte
by the early
sun.
By night
leves stipulæ melius, nocte arida prata tondentur : lentus the light
stubble
is better,
by night the dry meadows
humor non deficit noctes. moisture
does not fail
are mown:
Et quidam pervigilat ad seros
in the night. And
some one
watches
ignes hiberni luminis, que inspicat faces fires
of the winter
Interea,
In the meantime,
light,
telas
runs over
longum
laborem,
with the shrill
the late
acuto
matches with a sharp
arguto
the webs
by
points
consoled in her long-continued
percurrit
of her husband,
and
conjux, solata the wife,
the gentle
toil,
ferro.
knife.
cantu
with the song
pectine ; aut shuttle;
sounding
or
decoquit humorem dulcis musti vulcano, et despumat undam boils down
the liquor
trepidi
of sweet
aheni
of the trembling
foliis.
caldron
medio
with leaves.
æstu ; et
in the mid-day
heat;
must
But
the blushing
terit
the floor
Naked
plough,
naked
sow:
for the most part
que læti and
of winter,
joyful
enjoy
curant
they provide
genialis hiems invitat the festive
winter
invites
is cut up
fruges
the parched
winter
Agricolæ plerumque fruuntur Farmers
the wave
corn
tostas
wears out
æstu. Nudus ara, nudus sere : hiems heat.
skims
At rubicunda ceres succiditur
area
and
by the fire, and
grain
medio
by mid-day
ignava
colono.
is a slothful season for the planter.
what they have
parto frigoribus, gained
in the colds
mutua convivia inter mutual
feasts
among
se ;
themselves;
que resolvit curas. Ceu and
them to pleasure
relieves
their cares.
As
cum jam pressæ carinæ tetigere portum, et læti nautæ when
now
the strained
imposuere have placed
ships
coronas
have touched the harbour, and the glad
puppibus. Sed
their garlands
on the sterns.
tamen
But
nevertheless
sailors
tunc tempus then
it is time
stringere et quernas glandes, et baccas lauri, que oleam, to strip
both
the oaken
mast,
and the berries of laurel,
and
olive,
que cruenta myrta : tunc ponere pedicas gruibus, et retia and
bloody
myrtle berries:
cervis, que sequi for stags,
and
to follow
then
auritos
to place
the long eared
foot traps
for cranes,
and
nets
lepores ; tum figere damas, hares;
then
to pierce
the does,
16
virgil.
torquentem stupea verbera hurling
hempen
nix jacet, snow
lies
cords
of the tempests
vigilanda
are to be avoided
when
the rivers
sidera
or
when
push along
now
the deep
the ice.
of autumn?
now
both
the day
imbriferum
when
alta
when
and
ver
the shower-bearing
bristles up
What
what
viris, ubi jam que dies brevior et
by men,
messis jam inhorruit campis, harvest
sling,
autumni ? atque quæ
and constellations
mollior ? vel cum is milder?
fundæ, cum
cum flumina trudunt glaciem. Quid
on the ground,
dicam tempestates et shall I say
Balearis
of the Balearian
spring
things
æstas
is shorter
and
ruit ;
cum spicea
pours down;
the summer
when
the spiky
et cum lactentia frumenta
in the plains, and
when
the milky
fruits
turgent in viridi stipula. Sæpe ego, cum agricola induceret swell
on the green
messorem the reaper
culmo,
stalk.
flavis
into the yellow
vidi
Often
I,
when
fields,
omnia all
and now
prœlia
the conflicts
ventorum concurrere, quæ
late
eruerent gravidam segetem, ab the heavy
expulsam sublime : ita driven
high:
of the winds
corn,
nigro
fragili
has bound up the barley with brittle
have seen up-tore
has led
arvis, et jam stringeret hordea
straw,
far around
the farmer
combine,
imis
which
radicibus,
from their lowest
roots,
turbine hiems ferret que
thus in the black whirl wind,
a storm
would bear
both
levem culmum, que volantes stipulas. Sæpe etiam immensum the light
straw,
and
the flying
agmen aquarum venit mass
of waters
stubble.
a foul
æther sky
ruit
also
a great
cælo ; et nubes collectæ ex
shall come to the sky; and the clouds
glomerant fœdam tempestatem gather
Often
storm
atris
rain
washes
alto
from the deep
imbribus : arduus
with black
et ingenti pluviâ diluit
pours forth and with much
collected
showers:
læta
the lofty
sata,
the joyful cornfields,
que and
labores boum ; fossæ implentur, et cava flumina crescunt the labours of the oxen; the ditches
are filled,
and the deep
streams
increase
cum sonitu, que æquor fervet spirantibus fretis. Pater with
a great sound, and
the sea
boils
ipse molitur fulmina corusca himself
handles
with foaming
dextrâ
shoals.
Father Jupiter
in mediâ nocte
thunderbolts brandished with his right hand in the midst of a night
the georgics. book 1. nimborum ;
quo
of storms;
motu
maxima terra tremit ;
by which commotion
the great
fugêre, et humilis pavor have fled,
and
humbling
He
Ceraunia,
with his flaming
dart:
feræ
trembles;
the wild beasts
mortalia corda
has prostrated
mortal
Athos,
or
austri
Rhodope,
now
now
the thickening
the shores
vento. Metuens hoc, serva menses et wind.
Fearing
this,
ingenti
resound
sidera
shower
with a great
cæli ;
star
of Saturn
withdraws
Cyllenius ignis erret. Mercury's
fire
quo
observe the months and constellations of the sky; where
frigida stella Saturni receptet sese ; in quos orbes the cold
high
et densissimus imber
the south winds also
the groves,
through
or
ingeminant ; nunc nemora, nunc litora plangunt redouble;
per
hearts
Atho, aut Rhodopen, aut alta
hurls down either mount
Ceraunia, flagranti telo :
earth
stravit
fear
gentes. Ille dejicit aut the nations.
17
itself;
to
In primis
wanders. Among your first duties
what
cæli
orbs
of heaven
venerare Deos ; atque reverence
the Gods;
and
refer annua sacra magnæ Cereri ; operatus in lætis herbis, bear
annual
sacrifices
to great
Ceres;
offering
on the joyful
sub casum extremæ hiemis, jam sereno vere. Tunc about
the end
of extreme
winter,
now in the serene spring.
Then
grass,
agni
the fields
pingues et tunc vina mollissima : tunc somni dulces, que are rich
and
umbræ
shall adore
miti
mellow
the wine
is most mellow:
then
are thick
on
Cererem,
the mountains.
cui
Ceres,
for whom
baccho ; que ter wine;
and
All
the rustic
tu dilue
you
felix
thrice let the joyous
the honey-comb
whom
all
the band, and
and
tibi
youth
favos
bathe
for you
lacte,
with milk,
et
and
hostia eat circum novas victim
fruges ; quam omnis chorus, et ovantes grain;
slumbers are sweet,
densæ in montibus. Cuncta agrestis pubes
the shadows
adoret
then
shouting
go
around
socii
companions
the new
comitentur,
accompany,
et vocent Cererem clamore in tecta ; que ne quisquam and
invoke
Ceres
with a shout to their houses
and
let not
any one
supponat falcem maturis aristis, ante quam redimitus ; apply
tempora temples
his sickle
tortâ
to the ripe
with a wreathed
corn,
quercu, oak,
before
det
let him give
that
bound
as to his
incompositos motus et unstudied
motions and
18
virgil.
dicat carmina Cereri. Atque ut possimus discere songs
certis
signis, que æstus que pluvias et ventos agentes
by certain
to Ceres.
signs,
both
frigora ; pater ; on the cold;
father
moneret ;
heats
by what
that
ipse
signo
we may
and
rains
statuit
himself
Jupiter
quo
should foretell;
And
hæc
sing
has determined
austri
sign
the south winds
learn
and
these things
the winds
driving
quid menstrua luna what
the monthly
moon
caderent, quid agricolæ shall fall,
what
the farmers
videntes sæpe tenerent armenta propius stabulis. Continuo, seeing
often
shall keep
their herds
ventis surgentibus, aut the winds
arising,
tumescere ; et to swell;
or
resounding
afar off
Immediately
ponti agitata incipiunt
the shallows noise
resonantia longe
the shores
freta
to the stables.
of the sea
aridus fragor audiri
and a dry rustling
litora
near
agitated
altis
to be heard in the high
misceri,
et
begin
montibus ; aut mountains;
murmur nemorum
to be disturbed, and the murmuring
of the groves
increbrescere. Jam tum unda male temperat sibi a to increase.
Now
then the wave hardly
carinis, cum celeres ships,
when
the swift
mergi
cormorants
or
restrains
curvis
itself from the crooked
revolant ex medio æquore, fly back
from
the midst
of the sea,
que ferunt clamorem ad litora, que cum marinæ fulicæ and
bear
their cry
ludunt in sicco ; sport
on
to
the shores,
and
when
the sea
coots
que ardea deserit notas paludes, atque
the dry land, and the heron
deserts
the known
marshes,
and
volat supra altam nubem. Sæpe etiam, vento impendente, flies
above
videbis
the high
cloud.
Often
stellas labi præcipites
you shall see the stars glide
swift
also,
the wind
cælo ;
threatening,
que longos tractus
through the sky; and
the long
traces
flammarum albescere a tergo per umbram noctis ; sæpe of flames
to whiten up from behind through
the shade
of night;
often
levem paleam et caducas frondes volitare ; aut plumas nantes the light
straw
in summâ on
the top
trucis
of the stern
and
aquâ,
falling
leaves
fly about;
feathers
swimming
colludere. At cum fulminat de parte
of the water to sport together. But
Boreæ, et cum domus que north,
or
when
it thunders
Euri
and when the house both of the east wind
que and
from
a part
Zephyri
the west wind
the georgics. book 1. tonat,
omnia
thunders,
rura
all
navita
legit
seaman
gathers up
natant plenis fossis, atque omnis
the fields
swim
with full
humida vela ponto. his moist
sails
imis
the air
either the airy
vales;
or
patulis
every
Imber nunquam obfuit
fugêre
cranes
have escaped
nostrils;
circum lacus, et the lakes,
the heifer,
naribus ; aut
in her wide spread
around
and
never
injures
ilium surgentem it
rising
vallibus ; aut bucula, suspiciens cælum, captavit
in the lowest
auras
ditches,
on the sea. The shower
imprudentibus : aut æriæ grues the unadvised:
19
or
ranæ
and
the frogs
gazing
on the sky
arguta ;
the shrill sounding
cecinere
have sung forth
has caught
hirundo volitavit swallow
has flown
veterem querelam in their old
complaint
in
limo. Et sæpius formica, terens angustum iter, extulit often
tectis
penetralibus ; et ingens arcus bibit ; et exercitus
from her covered
the ant,
wearing
retreats;
corvorum, decedens of crows,
densis
and the great
e
departing
from
alis. Jam
with close pressed wings.
a narrow
ova
the mud. And
Now
pastu
in a great
search
around
eagerly
birds
objectare plunge
gestire sport
caput
fretis,
their heads
studio
in the delight
copious
in the waters,
of the sea, and
prata in dulcibus stagnis
the Asian meadows
pour
sounded
varias volucres pelagi, et in
Caystri, certatim infundere largos rores of Cayster,
an army
band,
you may see the various
quæ rimantur circum Asia
those which
has drunk; and
magno agmine, increpuit
the pasture
videas
bow
path, has borne her eggs
dews
nunc currere now
run
the pleasant
pools
humeris ;
nunc
on their shoulders;
in
among
now
undas,
the waves,
et
and
lavandi incassum. Tum improba cornix
of washing
in vain.
Then
the ill-boding
crow
vocat pluviam plenâ voce, et sola spatiatur secum in sicca invokes
the rain
with full
arenâ. Nec quidem sand.
Nor
indeed
voice,
and alone
puellæ,
were the maids,
stalks along by herself upon the dry
carpentes nocturna pensa, carding
their nightly
nescivere hiemem ; cum viderent oleum scintillare ignorant
of the storm;
when
they saw
the oil
to sparkle
and the rotten
clots
harden.
Nevertheless,
ardente
in the burning
testa, et putres fungos concrescere. Nec minus, ex lamp,
tasks,
imbri
from the storm
20
virgil.
poteris prospicere, et certis signis cognoscere, soles you may
foresee,
aperta serena.
and
clear
stellis,
nec
tenuia
vellera lanæ ;
are the light birds
For
skies.
luna
nor
know,
then
the suns
acies
neither
to arise
opposed
et
and
videtur obtusa
does the edge
seem
surgere obnoxia radiis
the moon
fleeces
signs
Nam tum neque
the open
to the stars,
by sure
blunted
fratris ;
to the rays of her brother;
nec
nor
ferri per cælum. Alcyones,
of wool (fleecy clouds) borne through
the sky.
Halcyons,
dilectæ Thetidi, non pandunt pennas ad tepidum solem
in
upon
beloved
by Thetis,
open
their wings
to
the warm
sun
litore ; immundi sues non meminere jactare solutos
the shore;
manipulos sheaves places
do not
filthy
swine
do not
ore.
to scatter
loose
At nebulæ magis petunt ima
with their mouth.
of corn
remember
But
mists
rather
seek
low
que recumbunt campo : et noctua, servans occasum and
solis
rest upon
the plain:
and
the owl,
observing
the setting
de sumno culmine, nequicquam exercet
of the sun
from
the high
roof,
in vain
seros
repeats
her evening
cantus. Nisus apparet sublimis in liquido aere, et Scylla songs.
Nisus
appears
high
in
the clear
sky,
and
Scylla
dat pœnas pro purpureo capillo. Quacumque illa fugiens gives punishment
for
the purple
secat levem æthera cuts
the light
insequitur pursues
se
himself
pennis,
air
Wherever
she
flying
ecce, inimicus, atrox Nisus
with her wings,
lo,
the hostile,
cruel
Nisus
per auras magno stridore : qua Nisus fert
her through
the air
with great
noise:
where
Nisus
raises
ad auras, illa, fugiens raptim, secat levem æthera to
the skies,
pennis. Tum on wings.
quater
Then
she,
corvi
the ravens
presso
four times in their compressed
nescio
inter se
flying
swiftly,
cuts
the light
redouble
their liquid
gutture ; et sæpe
foliis :
delight
in the leaves:
air
ingeminant liquidas voces ter aut throats;
and
often
notes
altis
in their high
thrice
beyond
imbribus the showers
or
cubilibus, læti nests,
quâ dulcedine præter solitum,
I know not by what together
lock.
joyful
strepitant
their wonted pleasure, make a great noise
actis,
having passed,
juvat
it delights
them
revisere
to revisit
the georgics. book 1.
21
parvam progeniem, que dulces nidos. Equidem, haud credo, their little
offspring,
and
pleasant
quia ingenium that
nests.
Indeed,
sit illis divinitus, aut
this capacity for enjoyment can be theirs from heaven,
major prudentia rerum ; a greater
foresight
or
but
vias,
densat
the weather
et jupiter, humidus the air,
lately
views
were
of the mind
concipiunt nunc alios motus conceive
rare,
now
these
are changed,
and
rarifies
Hence
that
lætæ, et joyful,
concert
others,
of birds
corvi ovantes
and the ravens
while
in
the wind
drove on
et pecudes
the fields,
gutture.
exulting
and their breasts
alios, dum ventus agebat
emotions now
nubila. Hinc ille concentus avium in agris, were
damp
densa : species animorum vertuntur, et pectora
those which were condensed:
the clouds.
and
quæ modo erant rara, et relaxat
with south winds, condenses those things which
quæ
that there is to them
when
moisture of the sky have altered their courses, and
Austris,
believe,
fato : verum ubi tempestas et
of things bestowed by fate:
mobilis humor cæli mutavere changeful
I do not
and
the flocks
Si vero respicies
with their throats.
If
indeed you will look
ad rapidum solem, que lunas sequentes ordine ; crastina to
the rapid
sun,
hora nunquam hour
never
and
fallet
shall delude
the moons
te, neque
you,
night.
When
first
if
she has embraced
luna
maximus imber a very great
storm
suffuderit
she shall diffuse
Aurea
parabitur
air
has collected
over her face,
Phœbe semper rubet vento.
The golden
moon
always
(for
cornibus horns
this
per
through
is the surest
authority),
erit
there will be
and
all
But,
if
ventus. wind.
Sin pura in quarto ibit
in
the fourth
obtusis
nor she will proceed with blunted
cælum ; et totus ille dies, et the sky;
horn;
for the sea.
blushes in the wind. But if spotless
ortu (namque is certissimus auctor), nec rising
the returning
obscure
and
ore,
blush
revertentes
que pelago. At, si
for the farmers
virgineum ruborem
by the snares
obscuro cornu ;
with her
agricolis
will be prepared
a virgin
colligit
the moon
the murky
insidiis
shall you be cheated
ignes, si comprenderit nigrum aera fires,
in succession; to-morrow's
capiere ;
nor
serenæ noctis. Cum primum of a clear
following
that
day,
and
those
qui
which
22
virgil.
nascentur ab illo, ad exactum mensem, proceed
from
it,
to
the completed
month,
que ventis : nautæ servati solvent vota and
winds:
the sailors preserved
et Panopeæ, et Inoo and
Panopea,
and
Ino
and
when
Melicertæ. of Malicerta.
the mother
se
he hides
signs
mane,
Sol
The sun
in undas,
himself
follow
et
in the morning, and those
of rain
in litore Glauco ;
in
the sun,
quæ,
quoque
both
signa.
shall give
quæ
both those
et
also
dabit
the waves,
Certissima signa sequuntur solem, et The surest
pluviâ
shall pay their vows upon the shore to Glaucus;
exoriens et cum condet rising,
carebunt
shall be deprived
signs.
refert
which
he brings back
astris surgentibus. Ubi ille
which he ushers in, the stars
arising.
When
he
variaverit nascentem ortum maculis, conditus in nubem, shall variegate
his rising
que refugerit and
shall escape
with half
Notus,
for
the south wind,
que pecori, urget ab and
the flock,
hurries
radii rumpent rays
concealed
his orb;
in
a cloud,
sint
showers
suspecti
maybe
expected
sinister que arboribus, que satis, injurious
both
to trees,
and
corn,
alto. Aut ubi, sub lucem diversi
from the deep.
sese
shall force
with spots,
medio orbe ; imbres
the sight
tibi : namque by you:
beam
Or
when, about the dawn diversified
inter densa nubila ; aut ubi Aurora,
themselves amidst the thick
clouds;
or
when
Aurora,
linquens croceum cubile Tithoni, surget pallida ; heu, tum leaving
the saffron
couch
of Tithonus, shall arise
pale;
alas,
then
pampinus male defendet mites uvas ; tam multa horrida the vine leaf
hardly
shall defend
the mild
grapes;
so
much
grando salit crepitans in tectis. Profuerit magis hail
leaps
rattling
on the roofs. It would profit
hoc etiam, cum jam decedet Olympo this
also,
when now
he sets
heaven
more
direful
meminisse
to have remembered
emenso ;
being measured over;
nam sæpe for
often
videmus varios colores errare in ipsius vultu. Cæruleus we behold
various
colours
to wander over
denuntiat pluviam : igneus Euros. menaces
immisceri to be mingled
rain:
rutilo
with glittering
the fiery
east winds.
his
face.
then
sky
Sin maculæ incipient
But if
the spots
igni, tunc videbis omnia fire,
The azure
you will see
all
things
should begin
fervere to rage
the georgics. book 1. pariter
vento
together
ire
que nimbis. Non quisquam moneat me
by the wind
per
23
and
storms.
Let no one
admonish
altum illâ nocte, neque convellere funem
to go through the deep on that
night,
neither
tear away
terrâ. At si orbis erit lucidus, que cum the land. But
que and
if
his orb shall be
condet
ushered in;
silvas
you shall see
evening
both
whence
north wind.
agat
the wind
shall drive
quid humidus Auster cogitet, sol what
the moist
south wind
audeat dicere solem can dare
to say
the sun is
intends,
the day,
nimbis, et by clouds,
and
Aquilone. Denique quid
by the fair
unde ventus
shall bring,
from
diem,
he shall restore
shall you be frightened
claro
moved
referet
when
a
the cable
terrebere
in vain
moveri
the woods
serus Vesper vehat, the late
clear,
relatum ; frustra
shall conceal it
cernes
me
Finally
what
serenas nubes, the serene
clouds,
dabit signa tibi. Quis
the sun shall give
signs
to you.
Who
falsum ? Ille etiam sæpe monet cæcos false?
He
also
often
admonishes that blind
tumultus instare, que fraudem et operta bella tumescere. Ille disturbances
threaten,
and
fraud
and
secret
wars
swell around.
etiam miseratus Romam, Cæsare, exstincto, cum also
compassionating
Rome,
Cæsar,
being killed,
He
texit
when
he covered
nitidum caput obscurâ ferrugine, que impia secula timuerunt his shining
head
with dark
purple,
and
impious
ages
feared
æternarn noctem ; quanquam illo tempore tellus quoque et eternal
night;
although
at that
time
the earth
also
and
æquora ponti, que obsenæ canes, que importunæ volucres, the waters
of the sea,
and
filthy
dogs,
and
clamorous
birds,
dabant signa. Quoties vidimus Ætnam, undantem fornacibus gave
signs.
How often have we seen
ruptis, effervere in bursting,
to boil over
Ætna,
waving
from its furnaces
agros Cyclopum, que volvere globos
upon the fields
of the Cyclops,
and
to roll
globes
flammarum que liquefacta saxa ! Germania audiit sonitum of flames
armorum of arms
and
melted
toto
through the whole
rocks!
Germany
cælo : Alpes tremuerunt sky:
the Alps
motibus. Ingens vox quoque exaudita commotions.
A great
voice
hears
also
was heard
shook
vulgo
the sound
insolitis
with unusual
per silentes
every where through
the silent
24
virgil.
lucos, et simulacra, pallentia groves,
and
ghosts,
miris
pale
modis
in wonderful
visa
forms
sub
were seen beneath
obscurum noctis ; que pecudes locutæ. Infandum ! amnes the dark cloud
of night;
and
the cattle
spoke.
O abominable!
the rivers
sistunt, que terræ dehiscunt ; et mæstum ebur illacrymat stand still,
and
templis,
the earth
que
in the temples,
opened wide;
æra
and
sudant. Eridanus,
brazen images
sweat.
proluit silvas, contorquens overflows
the woods,
herds
with
tempore aut time
minaces
the king
fluviorum,
of rivers,
whirl,
tulit
and
bore along
omnes campos. Nec
through
all
fibræ
either did the threatening
weeps
vortice, que
in maddening
per
their stables
ivory
rex
Eridanus,
insano
turning
armenta cum stabulis
and the mournful
fibres
the plains.
eodem
Nor
at the same
apparere tristibus extis, to appear
fail
in the dismal entrails,
aut cruor cessavit manare puteis ; et urbes resonare alte or
did blood
per
through
cease
the night,
Ergo,
the wolves
sereno
fell
to resound
howling.
cælo ; nec
from the clear heaven;
nor
Not
diri
did direful
more
far
alias
lightnings elsewhere
cometæ toties arsere. comets
so often
burn.
Philippi videre Romanas acies concurrere iterum
Therefore, among
from wells; and the cities
noctem, lupis ululantibus. Non plura fulgura
ceciderunt
inter
to flow
Philippi
sese
beheld
the Roman
armies
rush together
again
paribus telis : nec fuit indignum Superis
themselves
with equal
weapons:
nor
was it
unworthy
the Gods
Emathiam et latos campos Hæmi pinguescere bis nostro that Emathia
and the broad
plains
of Hæmus to become enriched twice
sanguine. Scilicet et tempus veniet, cum, blood.
For
also
the time
agricola, molitus terram the farmer,
exesa
tilling
scabra
corroded by consuming
the earth
shall come,
incurvo
with the crooked
Patrii
and
rust,
shall admire
Di,
in those
finibus,
boundaries,
aratro, inveniet pila plough,
shall find
darts
rubigine, aut pulsabit inanes galeas gravibus or
shall strike
rastris, que mirabitur grandia ossa harrows,
illis
when,
by our
the large
Indigetes,
et
bones
empty
helmets
effossis
from the excavated
Romule,
O my country's Gods, ye native Deities, and thou O Romulus,
with heavy
sepulcris. tombs.
que mater Vesta, and
mother
Vesta,
the georgics. book 1.
25
quæ servas Tuscum Tiberim et Romana palatia ; saltem who
preservest
ne
prohibete hunc juvenem succurere
do not
Tuscan
forbid
Jampridem Long since
Tiber
this
and
youth
luimus ;
the Roman
to relieve
Long since,
atque queritur and
complains
at least
everso
sæclo.
this overturned
age.
perjuria Laomedonteæ Trojæ nostro
we have suffered for the perjuries
of Laomedon's
sanguine. Jampridem, Cæsar, regia blood.
palaces;
Troy
by our
cæli invidet te nobis,
O Cæsar, the palace of heaven
envies
you
to us,
curare triumphos hominum : quippe care
that you
ubi fas atque nefas
for the triumphs
orbem ;
tam multæ facies scelerum ; non ullus dignus honos
aratro :
so
and
many
arva
wrong
forms
tot
are confounded, so many
of crimes;
there is no
squalent ;
colonis
bella
for
per
when right
versum,
of men:
wars
worthy
through
the globe;
honour to the plough:
abductis
et
curvæ
the fields are overgrown with weeds, the husbandmen being driven away and the crooked
falces conflantur in rigidum enses. sickles
are melted
into
hard
Hinc
Euphrates, illinc
swords. On this side the Euphrates,
on that
Germania, movet bellum ; vicinæ urbes ferunt arma : inter Germany,
se
themselves
excites
legibus treaties
war;
ruptis :
being violated:
orbe. Ut cum globe.
fertur
to
merciless
quadrigæ
the race,
equis,
is borne away by the horses,
auriga,
and the charioteer
neque nor
cities
bear hostile
impius Mars sævit
As when chariots drawn by four horses
addunt se in spatia, et hasten
neighbouring
Mars
effudere loose
rages
sese
arms:
among
toto
through the whole
themselves
carceribus, from the goals,
frustra tendens retinacula,
currus
in vain
holding
audit habenas.
does the chariot regard
the reins.
the bridle,
