CURRICULUM VITAE Personal Information Full name:

Valéry BOCQUET

Address:

12, avenue de Verdun 59370 Mons en Baroeul France

Phone:

+ 33 (0) 6 99 24 60 03

E-mail:

[email protected]

Citizenship: Place and date of birth:

French Lille, France, 17h January 1973

Education 1997-2002

University of Paris V, France PhD in Statistics applied to exercise Physiology Doctoral Committee : Prof. Jacques Fermanian Prof. Richard Tomassone Prof. Henry Vandewalle Prof. Jacques Van Hoecke Prof. Jean Maccario Prof. Bernard Prum Prof. Véronique Billat

1996-1997

University of Paris XI, France Mphil in Public Health option biostatistics. Mphil Committee: Prof. Pierre Ducimetiere Prof. Bernard Prum

1994-1996

University of Paris V, France Master’s degree in Computing and Statistics.

Doctoral dissertation (defended June 26th 2002) Research field: Statistics in Exercise physiology Dissertation title: Modélisation de l’endurance humaine, de l’espèce à l’individu (Modelling of human endurance, from human whole to unique human) Scholarship 1996-1997

Grants delivered by the University Paris XI (3 500 euros).

1997-2000

Grants awarded by the french Ministry of Research and Education (11000 euros by year)

Professional experience 2003-2004:

Lecturer (Agrocampus Rennes, France)

2002-2003 :

Temporary Lecturer (School of Physical Education, University of Toulon-Var, France) and Researcher in Massey University (Palmerston North, New Zealand) with A Prof R.H. Morton.

2001-2002 :

Temporary Lecturer and Researcher (School of Sport Sciences, University of Toulon-Var, France).

1999-2000 :

Teacher of Statistics in the centre for adult continuing education of the French electricity firm.

1997-1999 :

Teacher of Mathematics in a sport science secondary school

Work experience 2002/2003 : Post doctorate in the laboratory in Biostatistics of the Associate Professor R. Hugh Morton within the University Massey (New Zealand) from the 1st August 2002 to the end of January 2003. Titre : Modelling of oxygen uptake kinetics during a ramp exercise. 1997 : Mphil experience in Unit 258 of the French national institute in health and medical research, in Broussais hospital in Paris, from March to September. Title : Use of parametric model to represent the joint distribution of correlated binary data in segregation analysis. Head : M. Pierre Ducimetière. 1996 : Master experience in the centre of Study and Research in medical computing in the regional hospital centre of Lille (France) from June to August. Title : Study of the state of health of prison population in Loos (France). Head : M. Alain Duhamel and M. Patrick Devos. 1994 : University institute of technology experience in the French regional facilities department in Lille from April to June. Title : Graphic and cartographic display of statistical data.

Head : M. Roger Debarge.

Referees Referee 1 Name: Connection to applicant: Address: Tel: Email: Referee 2 Name: Connection to applicant: Address: Tel: Email: Referee 3 Name: Connection to applicant: Address: Tel: Email:

Prof. Pages J Head of the laboratory. Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France 33 2 23 48 58 85 [email protected] Ass. Prof. Basset F Collaborator. chool of human kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s NL A1C 5S7 Canada 1 709 737 6132 [email protected] Ass. Prof. Morton RH Post Doctorate responsible. Sport Science and Biostatistics. Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand 64 6 350 4265 [email protected]

Teaching assignments 2003-2004 :

Data analysis (Agrocampus Rennes). Theme : Analysis in principle components.

2003-2004 :

General Statistics (Agrocampus Rennes) Theme : Relation between variables. Linear model. Introduction of data analysis. Introduction of experimental planning.

2003-2004 :

General Statistics II (Agrocampus Rennes). Theme : Univaried exploratory statistics. Simple regression. Analysis of variance.

2001-2003 :

Inferential Statistics (Agrocampus Rennes). Theme : Main probability laws. Sampling theory. Means comparison.

2001-2003 :

Computing (Agrocampus Rennes). Theme : Use of logical functions in Excel. Creation and animation of slides in Powerpoint. Creation of personal mail. Web research.

2001-2003 :

General Statistics (Agrocampus Rennes). Theme : Descriptive statistics. Introduction to probability.

2001-2002 :

Biomechanics. Theme : Acceleration, velocity and distance. Introduction of barycentre and application to force platform. Impulsion analysis.

2001-2002 :

General Exercises Program (University Toulon-Var). Theme : Running, Fitness and strength conditioning for under graduated students.

1998-1999 :

Inferential Statistics (University Paris 5). Theme: Sampling theorie. Relation between two variables. Statistical tests. Linear Model.

1997-1998 :

General Statistics (University Paris 5). Theme: Probability. Descriptive statistics. Introduction to inferential statistics.

Research Experience 1.

Introduction

To apply my statistical knowledge to a recent Science area, I chose the Physical Education domain. With my two PhD directors, Pr. Véronique Billat and Pr. Bernard Prum, I have learnt to discover and to appreciate this new area. The aim of my PhD was to study the velocity-time relationship or power output–time one from elite to sedentary people. Only the physiological aspect of the individual was studied. This hyperbolae velocity-time relationship was already studied by Kennelly in 1906. It corresponds to a subject endurance. Its modelling would allow to develop the knowledge of physiological components of one man at a given date, and in the future by the interpolation of this relationship.

2.

Detailed synthesis of PhD and post–doctoral experience

Researches undertaken during this PhD can be dealt with two great parts. Firstly, the precision of endurance models elaborated to estimate performance during the 20th century was study. Thus main empirical (obtained from world records) and bioenergetical models (obtained from physiological variables of each individual) were compared. Afterwards, only one empirical model was studied during the 20th century through the quality of its estimation of performance. Results showed that there was no difference in the estimation of performance between empirical and bioenergetical models. Thus one supposed that there were others physiological components allowing to estimate more precisely performance. The second study showed a precise estimation of performance by the empirical model for the whole relationship velocity-time. Therefore, it seemed

that bioenergetical models allowing to explain the improvement of performances did not predict performance as well as empirical models. That implied to develop the knowledge of physiological variables to estimate performance. Secondly, main physiological component influencing aerobic performance, i.e. maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was more analysed. The hypothesis that maintain VO2max a long time would allow to improve its performance in endurance in a significant manner, was considered. On this assumption, a protocol allowing to maximize time to VO2max was tested. Afterwards, the effect of an aerobic training on performance, i.e. on time limit and on time to VO2max, was evaluated. Results have revealed that the sum of the first exercise (an anaerobic sprint allowing to quickly reach steady state VO2max) and an aerobic exercise did not imply a longer time at this maximal uptake. Thus, this type of protocol does not allow to increase performance. Finally, our last research showed that training implied an improvement of the aerobic performance but there was no relation between the improvements of time limit and time to VO2max. This seemed to indicate that the improvement of aerobic performances of an individual did not mainly depend on one’s maximal oxygen uptake but on few physiological variables that it remains to study. Within the biostatistical laboratory of the Assoc. Pr. R. Hugh Morton, the aim of my works was to complete and to extend my PhD. During my PhD, to determine time at VO2max, several models of VO2 dynamics were fitted to breath by breath data from subjects during steady state exercises. Few times, a slow component of oxygen uptake dynamics occurred. This slow component manifests several minutes after the start of exercise as observed VO2 levels higher than the oxygen equivalent of the power output of the exercise being undertaken. Almost all research knowledge of the slow component has been derived from steady state exercise at levels high enough to generate the component. Logically it should manifest similarly in ramp exercise and several recent studies have claimed its existence based on purely graphical analyses. Since so little is known about its dynamics under these conditions, this study examined the fitting of several models of VO2 dynamics to oxygen uptake data generated by exercising subjects. Eight subjects undertook three identical ramp (30 W/min) cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion. Three models of VO2 dynamics were fitted to breath-by-breath data using non-linear least squares. One model has no slow component. The second and third models have bi-exponential and quadratic slow components respectively. A detailed analysis of goodness of fit (adjusted R2) indicated that models with a slow component fitted the data significantly better than the model without, and that no significant distinction could be made between exponential or quadratic slow components. In conclusion, we confirmed the existence of a curvilinear slow component of VO2 dynamics during ramp exercise, and noted that either the data was too noisy to distinguish a unique form of the slow component or that the form itself might have been more complex than bi-exponential or quadratic.

3. Actual works To complete my knowledge in Statistics and to apply these knowledge in a new domain, my research occurred, this year, within the applied mathematics laboratory of Pr Jérôme Pagès in Agrocampus Rennes. The favourite domain of the laboratory is sensory analysis. In this domain, products are submitted to a jury to analyse them with organoleptic descriptors. To obtain results, used methods belonged to multiple and simple factorial analyses (ACP, AFC, AFM). These methods allow to obtain simplified representations of great tables of data by extracting the most definite trends. Thus during this year, one of the studies of the laboratory concerned the cider comparison of five different varieties. These works allowed to the publication of a paper in an international review and an oral communication in a statistical congress. This method would be extend to exercise physiology.

Publications a)

Papers in peer review 1.

Husson F, Bocquet V et Pages J (2004). Use of confidence ellipses in PCA applied in sensory analysis. Application to the comparison of monovarietal ciders. J. Sens Stud.

2.

Heubert R, Bocquet V, Billat V, Koralsztein JP (2003). Effet de 4 semaines d'entraînement sur le temps limite à vo2max. Can J Appl Physiol 28(5): 717-736.

3.

Billat VL, Slawinksi J, Bocquet V, Chassaing P, Demarle A and Koralsztein JP (2001). Very short (15s-15s) interval-training around the critical velocity allows middle-aged runners to maintain VO2max for 14 minutes. Int. J. Sports Med. 22(3): 201-208.

4.

Bocquet V, Chassaing P, Heubert R, Koralsztein JP and Billat V (2001). Effet d’un effort anaérobie maximal préliminaire sur le temps limite à V02max. Science et Motricité ; 4344 : 36-45.

5.

Demarle AP, Slawinski JJ, Laffite LP, Bocquet VG, Koralsztein JP and Billat VL. (2001) Decrease of O2 deficit is a potential factor in increase time to exhaustion after specific endurance training. J. Appl. Physiol. 90: 947-953.

6.

Billat VL, Bocquet V, Slawinski J, Laffite L, Demarle A, Chassaing P and Koralzstein JP (2000). Effect of a prior intermittent run at vVO2max on oxygen kinetics during an all-out severe run in humans. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 40: 185-194.

7.

Billat VL, Slawinski J, Bocquet V, Demarle A, Laffite L, Chassaing P and Koralsztein JP (2000). Intermittent runs at the velocity associated with maximal oxygen uptake enables subjects to remain at maximal oxygen uptake for a longer time than intense but submaximal runs. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(3): 188-196.

8.

Billat VL, Morton RH, Blondel N, Berthoin S, Bocquet V, Koralsztein JP and Barstow TJ

(2000). Oxygen kinetics and modelling of time to exhaustion whilst running at various velocities at maximal oxygen uptake. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 82: 178-187. 9.

Billat V, Hamard L, Bocquet V, Demarie S, Beroni M, Petit B and Koralsztein JP (2000). Influence of light additional arm cranking exercise on the kinetics of VO2 in severe cycling exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 21: 344-350.

10. Bocquet V and Billat V (1999). Modèles mathématiques et physiologiques de la performance humaine. Sciences & Sports ; 14: 278-291. 11. Billat V and Bocquet V (1999). Analyse bioénergétique du nouveau record du monde féminin du marathon. Sciences & Sports ; 14: 180-182. 12. Tregouet DA, Ducimetiere P, Bocquet V, Visvikis S, Soubrier F and Tiret L (1999). A parametric copula model for analysis of familial binary data. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64: 886-893. b)

Papers in refereed proceedings 1.

Morton RH and Bocquet V (2003) Modelling the slow component of oxygen uptake dynamics during ramp exercise. In Sports Dynamics: Discovery and Application (Eds A Subic, P Trivailo & F Alam). RMIT University, Melbourne, Australie. pp157-164.

2.

Bocquet V and Billat V. « Prédiction des records du monde du 200m et du marathon ». Actes de colloque du Congrès de “ Biologie de l’exercice musculaire”, Mai 1999, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

c)

Paper in submission Heubert R, Billat V, Chassaing P, Bocquet V, Koralsztein JP et Prampero di PE. Effect of a previous supramaximal effort on the critical power at VO2max. J. Appl. Physiol.

d)

Presentations and abstracts in conferences 1.

Bocquet V and Morton RH (2004). Quelles formes de composante lente de la consommation d’oxygène dans le cas d’un exercice de ramp test ? Congrès de la Société Française de Statistique, Montpellier, France (oral communication).

2.

Morton RH and Bocquet V (2003). Non-linearity of the slow component of oxygen uptake dynamics during ramp exercise. International Congress on Sports Dynamics, Melbourne, Australia, (oral communication).

3.

Bocquet V and Billat V (1999). Prédiction des records du monde du 200m et du marathon. Colloque “Biologie de l’exercice musculaire”, Clermont -Ferrand, France, (oral communication).

4.

Bocquet V, Koralsztein J.P. and Billat V (1999). Modélisation du temps limite à VO2max. Congrès de l’ACAPS, Macolin, Switzerland, (oral communication).

5.

Bocquet V, Billat V and Koralsztein J.P (1999). Does Hill’s relationship changes through time ?4th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, Rome, Italy.

6.

Bocquet V, Billat V, Petit B and Koralsztein J.P (1998). VO2 Historical endurance modelling and experimental time to exhaustion around vVO2max. 3th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, Manchester, England.

Student advisor and co-advisor 2003-2004 :

Charbonnier A. and Le Hénaff C. Master students. Sensorial analysis of experimental ciders. Advisor : Prof. Jérôme Pagès.

2002-2003:

Tricot V. PhD Student. Variation between the morning and the evening in metabolic and EMG responses during a ventilatory threshold exercise. Advisors: Prof. Guy Falgairette and Prof. Jeanick Brisswalter.

2001-2002 :

Papin M. Master student. Analysis of triathlon performance : comparison of two expertise levels. Advsor : M. Thierry Bernard.

Language Good knowledge of English speaking Good English writing Knowledge of German language Fluent French speaking and excellent writing (native language). Computer skills Office software : Graphic software : Statistic software : Programming language :

Word, Excel, Powerpoint. Sigma Plot, Photoshop. Statview, Statistica, SPAD, BMDP, Splus, SAS. C language, Pascal, SQL

Technique skills o Participation of sport courses organization. The aim of these courses was to suggest training protocols in running. These courses were based on theory and applications on track. o Mastery of : ♣ Gases analyses (Cosmed K4b2, Italy; CPX Medgraphics, USA ;

Pulmolab 6700, Morgan Scientific, United Kingdom). ♣ Lactate analysis (Lange, GmbH, Germany). ♣ Cardiac frequency (Polar, Finland). ♣ Cycle ergometer (Lode Excalibur, Groningen, Holland). o Participation of sensorial experiments organization. During these experiments, 18 assessors compared 20 products. Sport experiences • • • •

Table tennis certificate (2000) Coach of table tennis players (1999-2000) Member of Table Tennis federation. Marathon runner (Mont Saint-Michel 2004).