Programming is obviously a planning task, in as much as it implies the elaboration ... Satisfactory design and assessment of these types of aids underline the need for a ... different. This paper is devoted to the use of these two methodologies and their ... solved with the tools, and the subjects' planning strategies. It deals, in.
Thus, a synchronization of the activity with some affordances arising from ... the traffic dynamics, using the affordances (Gibson, 1979) from the traffic and the.
elements that are distributed in space and time, such as management, training, safety policies, software .... by using the corrupted reality of advanced graphical interfaces (Malin & .... cooperation can be found in n-person game theory, cf.
As regards the activities where representations play an important ... such as allocation of functions between man and machine and the definition of job ..... compare the groups from the point of view of the gross evolution of the procedures.
In addition, every. 5 min, we asked both controllers to estimate the RC's workload. These evaluations. TABLE 1 .... 21:25:05 21:25:08. IRC: No, no, I will turn the.
intentionally postponed, for example in blast furnace control. Thus diagnosis .... Research by Gregg and Simon (1967) was the impetus for this new research trend. Later .... The second is an implementation hierarchy which deals with relation- ..... d
models (i.e., action-oriented models: Bibby, & Payne, 1992; Radardel, 1993; ... in the operator's activityâa role located somewhere between manual control ..... In other words, with the new interface, the .... it is difficult to get a single pictur
Abstract: This study deals with cognitive cooperation in the context of the design of ... (RCs) had to cooperate for the management of a heavy traffic within a single sector. .... aware of the fact, continue using it, whereas manual ... First, the co
The first section of this paper focuses on the theoretical framework of the empirical ... clear-cut assessment of the state of the art impossible. Hence only the .... the task consists above all in meeting conditions for 'normal operation' of the too
processes, representable by discrete statcitransformation models, and continuous .... In other words, to make abstract factors operational. (to borrow from ..... clcscribed abovc arc part of the overall picture. In addition, the ... âconprehension
Reliability Engineering and System Safety 36 (1992) 217â230 .... question, without trying to embrace every possible .... For instance, in a given period, the.
room and interviews on tool use and knowledge representation). .... tion around the top), or shaft unscaffolding (Sudden drop of fresh material into the cast iron). ..... -processing: information gathering management, reasoning, and intervention.
110. 100. 090. 000. 070. 060. 050. 040. 0-30. Figure 3 Response latencies for ... We note that t2 and t3, which correspond to the two preparation states, are pro- ... The tools introduced by artificial intelligence could be very use ful in this type
ming are presented, both of which are based on principles of structured programming. .... + We have evaluated the training associated to one of these: the ...... and orients the subject to make the best choice in relation to his competence in the.
Interactions Homme-Ordinateur (HCI : Human-Computer Interaction). Bien que les .... we design a number system for use by normal people in typical tasks such as ..... laboratory settings: strong implication in task achievement, wide task .... processe
GRANO. ERGONOMICS, 2000, VOL. 43, NO. 7, 833-843. CIS. Nded 1798 the ... Moreover, action effects are often submitted to .... The effect of this phenomenon.
to consider 'affordances' in the operators' environment (Gibson 1986), that is to say these properties of objects that enable the operators to perform actions ...
used for the validation of a model. Verbal reports can take different forms. One of these dimensions is based on the time when verbalization oces in relation to ...
order to determine the three principal steps involved in learning a ... situations, but the problem of learning them for use in work is still rarely studied. The ... The first device which the human subject encounters is certainly his own body, which
Towards Effective Computer Aids to Planning in Computer Programming 217 down strategy. ... problem without reference to a cognitive system of a certain kind. With .... languages induce a too early introduction of execution order in writing the.
evolves with time. Some implications of this study on the design of human operator com- ... viewpoint, defended here, is based on the need for the unity of Ergonomics, in order not to take risk losing the ... Next, some empirical evidence ... hierarc
Expertise in Diagnosis, Decision-Making, and Time Management s 21 the dual ... action. Instead, a theory of diagnosis must be a theory of optimal behavior, in ... Understanding problems when they have progressed to an advanced stage is a.
equations (from Hoc, 1981a). The five steps of this analysis. FIG. 1 L.C.P. analysis of a program for processing quadratic. J.-M. HOC. 0 or 1 time). I ®. (A>0 (0 or 1 ...
