the wing. In order to visualize the in- fluencing factor and the inter- action of the slipstream with the ... high angle, the decrease and in- ... for having a different span load- ... the best average position will be ... In all cases, the results were.
The question of the effect of the slipstream of the propel-
ler on the performance of the airplane
becomes increasingly
important as the ratio of the wing area affected by the propeller stream to the total area is getting larger and larger. This increase of influence of the airswept area is largely due to the tapering of the wing, the use of multimotored drives and the
reduction of the aspect ratio of the wing. In order to visualize the influencing factor and the interaction of the slipstream with the airflow over the wing, we bring
a few sketches showing the airflow past an airfoil and through a propeller. Fig. 1 shows the velocity gradients of the air around an airfoil at low angle and Fig. 2 at
high angle, the decrease and increase of velocities noted on the curves. They make it quite evident that increasing the velocity
over the upper surface will increase the lift. Fig. 3 shows the velocity increase of the air passing through a propeller. This increase is the
turbulent region the efficiency naturally will increase.
The propeller in order to give momentum to the air backwards must give a certain tangetial motion to the same air column, which will result in a helical
motion of the air. This helical motion is plotted in Fig. 4 for a
certain propeller at three-quarters of its diameter. The helical motion is the rea-
son for offsetting the rudder and for having a different span loading on the left and right wing
when a single tractor propeller is used (see Fig. 5). It would be simple to equalize
the flow by changing the entering edge, as shown in Fig. 6 or by guiding the airflow with vanes. Giving the vanes suffici-
ent reverse curvature they could be applied to helicopter to remove the torque created by a single lift-propeller. There is always a dividing line present (Fig. 7) between
the upper and lower airflow which changes according to the angle of attack and the blunter the nose is, the easier the shift-
slipstream which gives us the required thrust. We notice an outer zero line past which we find a small region of reverse
ing is; therefore, for low speed
flow; the inner zero line passes through the 25 percent of the diameter, past which we find a
the propeller and wing when
turbulent center region. Placing a body (fuselage) into this
ratios a sharper leading edge should be used.
To retain the efficiencies of
placed in close proximity, their original airflow characteristics should not be altered. We know
that
the
propeller
produces
changes in velocities and placed in the vicinity of the wing will
change its lift. The lift is increased if the propeller is placed above the
wing but it will add extra drag due to the supports for the motor. Placing the motorhousing below the wing will result in minimum drag increase, which
will be offset by the reduction of the lift due to the slipstream. The combination of all efficiencies concerned, the efficiency of the propeller, the added drag, and the increase of lift can be grouped into a net efficiency. This net efficiency is plotted in Fig. 8 for high angle and in Fig.
9 for low angle; combining the two test results we find that
lines for the airflow past a wing. The correlation of airflow of propeller and wing combination, different for various wing sections and propeller pitch ratios, will help you to explain some of
the poor performances of some of the designs, to grasp the trend in latest improvements, and will b3 of great aid in putting the final touch to your own airplane. Very interesting experiments on these effects were performed several years ago by the Engineering Division of U. S. Army Air Corps with a full size plane. Pressure zones were plotted out for the ship under all conceivable positions, including powerdives and 90-degree banks.
In all cases, the results were
the best average position will be
practically in agreement with
30 percent of the chord length ahead of the wing.
the facts as stated here, and it is therefore of the greatest importance to consider this factor
Viewing the lower part of the efficiency lines closer we find
38402, St. Martin d'Hères, France. Abstract- Pitting .... ratio can fix the occurrence time for .... 17 A.M. Mc Kissick, A.A. Adams, R.T. Foley, J. Electrochem. Soc.
system as used before, but using a nickel specimen instead of mild steel. ..... Bright annealing of nickel and its alloys, Contribution to Symposium on Equipment.
Specialized software. 4. ... Easier access to specialized information ... Other: Our system is on a server accessible from the Visual Arts and Technology ... There is an open computer lab in this building that students may use at any time and may ...
20 How many people use the digital materials available a week ? Teachers. Students. WWW users. Others, please specify. 21 If you have had any feedback, ...
right-hand keypress according to the color of a stimulus light pre- sented either on the left or on the right of fixation, RT is shorter for ipsilateral (congruent) than ...
learning models tend to emphasize establishing new con- nections, a large number ...... nett (Eds.), Neural mechanisms of learning and memory (pp. 165-. 192).
As it can be seen in Figure 1, some degree of residual spatial bias on paper-and- .... 588 (160). 1788 (1597). 589 (195). 1964 (1111). 603 (152). Rl. 966 (736).
man-Rakic, 1987; Fuster, 1995). In a well-studied exam- making a saccadic eye movement to the location of the ple, many neurons have been shown to respond ...
lision connects the final angular velocity of n with the initial value of domino n+1. We first discuss the equations for fric- tionless rotation and analyze the forces ...
strained tovary along a green-to-red continuum, ranging from max- .... on each trial and included shades of green, red, yellow, and white. .... .50 when tilted).
Jun 10, 2005 - total bulk momentum transfer charges plus host in this case is found to be ... This same approach has been used previously 2,3 in treatments of ...
Oct 9, 2006 - The answers to many important economic questions depend in large part on how much dis ... as Alvarez and Lucas (2005), could use our mean or explore sensitivity of the simulation ...... Harvard University, manuscript (2006).
Sep 21, 2004 - the time of this assessment, and following culling if it took place, the number of .... labels) indicate times at which 50% of the populations had gone extinct. .... 85, 185â209. Morales, J. M. 1999 Viability in a pink environment:.
Nov 22, 2008 - The so-called greenhouse effect of the atmosphere is commonly explained as ... âThe heating effect exerted by the atmosphere upon the Earth ...
Arabic numerals have two dimensions: a base dimension represented by the ... needed to compare two multidigit Arabic numerals is not only in internal ...... G. Deloche & X. Seron (Ed.), Mathematical disabilities: A cognitive ... Journal of Experiment
internal representations in order to be involved in numerical tasks: they can directly ..... 160) = 2.42, p < 0.05), and a significant interaction (F(24, 480) = 1.57, ...
been studied mainly for concentrated contacts like stylus or hemispherical tip pin on a rough surface. ... spatial period of corrugation or string winding and the.
Apr 3, 2014 - not only on the amounts of local public good provided by its jurisdiction and of the .... assumption is used in many articles, such as [13]. ... the same tax rate, the poorest household of a jurisdiction with a high per capita wealth.
We hypothesized that the inodilator, pimobendan, would not activate the RAAS because its positive inotropic effect would offset the vasodilatory effect.
Oct 3, 2012 - They hung with only their four fingers (slope grip technique); the thumb was not used to apply a counter force. The inclination of the hang board ...
accounting only for the muscle dynamics. The time dependent properties of the .... National Science Foundation with Grants EET 8613807 and. EET 8820772.
diamond, and subjects had to identify the central stimulus before performing the judgement of length. The presence of the central stimulus improved accuracy of ...
