Teaching science and technology in secondary school... what challenges? Dans le sillage de La main à la pâte au collège... Alice Pedregosa http://science-techno-college.net
Teaching science and technology in secondary school... what challenges? 2
Beyond La main à la pâte An interdisciplinary project Which impact?
Teaching science and technology in secondary school... what challenges? 3
Beyond “La main à la pâte” Un interdisciplinary project Which impact?
Beyond “La main à la pâte” 4
Secondary school = introduction of separate disciplines
Beyond “La main à la pâte” 5
Secondary school = introduction of separate disciplines
Beyond “La main à la pâte” In middle schools in France: Teachers are trained to teach their subject only They should be aware of IBSE School organization is fragmented leaving a short time weekly for each science subject (1.5 hour) Pupils are older requiring a progression in the level of abstraction Their is a tension between a science for all or a preparation for university
6
30 30 élè students ves
B G
T E C H N O
P C
Beyond “La main à la pâte” 7
In junior high schools in France: PC
B G
TECHO
Beyond “La main à la pâte” 8
In junior high schools in France: Integrated science and technology teaching where complementarity and specificity of each subject is highlighted Attenuate the transition between a unique teacher in primary school and a dozen of teachers in secondary school A context where student can think, experiment, debate and acquire knowledge of complex phenomena
PC
B G
ST TECHO
Beyond “La main à la pâte” 9
Investigation in secondary school in France from 2004 2004 Reports published by the Academy of sciences and Academy of technologies proposing an intergrated science and technology teaching 2005 Introduction of IBSE in the scientific curricula as a continuity to primary education, even if their is a complet discontinuity in the content of the subject syllabus July 2006 Publication of the common base of knowledge and competences Septembre 2006 Launch of the new experimental program in 19 secondary schools in grade 6 by the French Academy of sciences and the French Academy of technologies with the French Ministry of Education. 2006-2010 Extension of the program in 45 scools in the first two years of secondary school (grade 6 and 7) 2010 Proposition of dissemination as an alternative to subject centered teaching.
Teaching science and technology in secondary school... what challenges? 10
Beyond “La main à la pâte” An interdisciplinary project Which impact?
In practice 11
Who ? School level: A team of minimum 3 teachers representing each subject (biology-geology, physics-chemistry, technology) PLUS the headmaster Regional level: Regional inspectors from each subject National level: Academy of sciences, Academy of technologies and Ministry of education
In practice 12
Who ? School level: A team of minimum 3 teachers representing each subject (biology-geology, physics-chemistry, technology) PLUS the headmaster Regional level: Regional inspectors from each subject National level: Academy of sciences, Academy of technologies and Ministry of education How? School level: 1 hour of team work is planed in the teachers weekly timetable Regional level: Regular advising visits of the teams and local coordination National level: Regular support visits of the teams and permanent coordination + extra hours paid to teachers to cover the overtime due to the project implementation
In practice 13
●
●
●
●
3 groups from 2 classes (less than 20 students per group) One teacher (either from biology-geology, technology or physics-chemistry) is in charge of one group Each school organises the time according to the school context, but the pupils have 3,5 to 4,5 hours of “science and technology” weekly. A strong support of the headmasters is essential
Sep 28, 2007 - Collaborative workspaces for teachers to promote inter- disciplinary work ... a single teacher, integrated science and technology pro- jects aim at ... Page 2 ... Resource book elaborated by professional scientists, coor-.
(2008), Common innovation in e-learning, machine learning and humanoid (ICHSL.6) (pp. 49-55). ..... comprehensionâ, Journal of Reading Behavior, vol. 6, no 4 ...
Nevertheless many misconceptions stay, even in adult population (Rolet 1996) about the first pieces of knowledge of geometric objects and relations. We note ...
using a relevant vocabulary or a sketch1. The curriculum insists on the algebraic notation, and on the various equivalent expressions of a function: The notation ...
exploratory data analysis activities are suggested. This is ... The procedures and algorithms to deal with it, to solve related problems or to ... that can be influenced by extreme values; the relative position of mean, .... the questionnaire and wer
By definition, fillers are used to extend a material and to reduce its cost. ...... ticles in explosives and pyrotechnics and sliver nanoparticles in electronics and.
ammelide (which is a polymer of urea), cyanuric acid, and sometimes cyamelide ..... Chemical Safety, Data Sheet SD-95, Manufacturing Chemists Association, ...
small changes of some specific stimuli dictate most of the biochemical response in the body. .... possesses enough energy to ionize simple molecules either in air or water (46). ...... polar mold materials results in a surface rich character.
short-chain branching distribution of an ethylene 1-olefin copolymer across the molecular weight .... Gas-phase mirage-effect spectroscopy has been used for ..... Samples can be tested under different stress configurations, ie, tensile, flexural ...
Many to a hundred. One or two, usually. Mechanical assist. Plug. Plug, billow, vacuum box. Mold type. Female, usually. Male, female, mixed. Mold materials.
to proteins in natural latex and other natural latex market drivers have recently ... Traditional applications for latices are adhesives, binders for fibers and ...... (132). Sometimes skewed monomer feeds are used to offset differences in monomer ..
as templates, are proposed to assist the orientation of lignin precursors to afford ...... Additional large-volume uses of lignosulfonates include animal feed pellet ... development efforts have resulted in specialty uses in several key market ... us
chief protein component in skin, bones, hides, and white connective tissues of the animal body .... Dry gelatin stored in airtight containers at room temperature has a shelf life of ... Perhaps the most useful property of gelatin solution is its ca-
rpm and are used mostly in profile extrusion applications. Most twin ... In most cases, the wear resistance ..... AC motors are starting to be used more frequently.
an acid or anhydride with a linear or branched alcohol (3). Dialkyl phthalates ... thermal stabilizers in PVC because of their ability to scavenge HCl generated.
either measured by (1) static penetration of the specimen with a standard .... has been shown to be directly proportional to its glass-transition temperature (10).
Regional Centre for Education in Science and Mathematics ... La main à la pâte (Project carried out by the French Academy of sciences, in ..... A module in the third year of nursery school - introduction to the phenomenon of solution 120 ..... appr
Polyisobutylene is produced in a number of molecular weight grades and each has ... such as B(C6F5)3 (14,15) have been used as Lewis acids in initiating systems ... 25. AlCl3. CH3Cl. â90. 2.3. 26. EtAlCl2 + Cl2. CH3Cl. â35. 2.5. 27. AlCl3 ..... w
rigid structure made of pores and channels of molecular dimensions; (b) the cation- ... impart both catalytic properties to the electrode surface and to selectively ... intersection between zeolite chemistry and electrochemical science. ...... troche
Separation and purification of gas mixtures by selective adsorption of one or more of its ... materials and process schemes that satisfy the same separation criteria. ...... Solutions for many other conditions of ..... zeolite is the key requirement
At the same time, i-butane was also absent in the permeate stream; this can be explained in terms of weak adsorption and slow diffusion of i-butane in the zeolite ...
While mainly distillation and absorption methods have been ... using vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA), which delivers the lowest energy consumption ...
