Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration - Introduction
Apr 25, 2007 - Why solar heat for cooling / air-conditioning? â« Coincidence of solar ... heating application (solar .... air-conditioning of the seminar room and the ... Primary energy saving for properly designed chilled water systems 40 â 60 %.
Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Introduction
Hans-Martin Henning Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg/Germany Workshop “Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration” April 25, 2007 Aix-les-Bains, FRANCE slide 1
Double-effect absorption: 130-160°C High efficient evacuated tubes, optical concentration with tracking RESTMAC
Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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Status, Examples
Introduction
Technologies
Status, Examples
Outlook slide 15
Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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Status in Europe Approx. 120 installations
8.7% Germany Greece
Approx. 20 MWcold installed Specific collector area
27.5% 39.1%
Portugal Italy Austria France
m2/kW
3 cold for chilled water production 10 m2 per 1000 m3/h for sorptive air handling units
Spain
Netherlands Israel Turkey Serbia (Kosovo) 4.3% 4.3%
1.4% 1.4%
5.8% 1.4%
(2004-values)
2.9%
2.9%
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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Air-conditioning of a factory flat plat collector field: 2700 m2 2 adsorptions chillers with 350 kW cooling capacity each 3 compression chillers with 350 kW each air conditioning of the production facilities of a cosmetics factory site: Inofita Viotias (appr. 50 km north-east of Athens) largest system today interesting system concept: electricity saving by solar cooling slide 17
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
Wine store cooling evacuated tube collector field: 130 m2 single-effect absorption chiller with 52 kW cooling capacity no back-up system cooling of a wine store (about 3 million bottles) with 3 air handling units (25.000 m3/h air flow) site: Banyuls (south France) one of the oldest systems; operates more than 12 years without problems solar autonomous and not buffer storage ==> storage on load side slide 18
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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Air-conditioning of a seminar room solar air collector as only heat source: 100 m2 desiccant cooling system (10.200 m3 per hour) with silica gel rotor no back-up system air-conditioning of the seminar room and the cafeteria in the building of the chamber for trade & commerce in Freiburg/ Germany simple solar system with simple integration into the air-conditioning plant no back-up, no storage promising concept for buildings with a high similarity of cooling loads and solar gains slide 19
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
Hotel air-conditioning parabolic trough collector produces heat at 180°C: 180 m2 aperture area double effect absorption chiller (cooling capacity 116 kW, 4 bar saturated steam; COP > 1.2) air-conditioning of a hotel and steam supply for the hotel laundry LPG-fired back-up steam boiler site: Dalaman (mediterranean coast Turkey) first system with double effect chiller high overall conversion efficiency interesting concept for sites with high direct radiation slide 20
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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Outlook Introduction
Technologies
Status, Examples
Outlook
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
Status Energy saving Primary energy saving for properly designed chilled water systems 40 – 60 % Primary energy saving for properly designed open cycles 20 – 50 % First cost 2 – 2.5 times higher compared to conventional reference systems Overall annual cost 1.2 – 1.5 times higher compared to conventional reference systems Close to break-even with funds in the range of 100 € per m2 of collector
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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Outlook Large potential, in particular in mediterranean countries
Potential for cost reduction Higher standardization Less effort in planning and design Lower component cost
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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… thank you for your attention!
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Task 38 Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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Water chillers - market available systems water chillers produce chilled water which can supply any type of air-conditioning equipment (e.g. air handling units, fan-coils, chilled ceilings,....) single-effect absorption
many products for cooling power > 100 kW; few products
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Grid Frequency Range (Hz). 49.5 ~ 50.5 by default, adjusted to local regulation. Transformer Isolation Between. Yes. System and Grid. Grid Connection Wiring.
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