Socialization and emotions: are emotions universal? => What we want to learn: Emotions depend on socialization. You might find that strange. Don't all people get angry? Doesn't everyone cry? Don't we all feel guilt, shame, sadness, happiness, fear? → What has socialization to do with emotions? 1. Global emotions

Question 1: Can you guess the emotion each of these persons is feeling ? Question 2: Are facial expressions of emotion always a product of socialization ? 2. Social ways of expressing emotions Expressing emotions: the American way Jane and Sushana, both 33 years old, have been best friends since high school. They were hardly ever apart until Sushana married and moved to another state a year ago. Jane has been waiting for a long time at the arrival gate for Sushana’s flight, which has been delayed. When Sushana exits, she and Jane hug one another, making “squeals of glee” and even jumping a bit. Question 1: What's a “hug”? Question 2: Would you behave this way, if you were in the same situation as Jane or Sushana? In what ways would you behave differently? Question 3: Would two American men in that situation behave the same way as Jane and Sushana? If not, how would they behave differently? Question 4: Why would they behave differently? 3. The social production of emotions Joan, a U.S. woman who had been married for seven years, had no children. When she finally gave birth and the doctor handed her a healthy girl, she was almost overcome with happiness. Tafadzwa, in Zimbabwe, had been married for seven years and had no children. When the doctor handed her a healthy girl, she was almost overcome with sadness. Question 1: Can you understand why Tafadzwa was “almost overcome with sadness”? Or do you find that simply strange? => Try to sum up the effects of socialization on the expression of emotions. Vocabulaire : to squeal: to scream loudly with a high pitch, as babies do. Glee: great happiness to be overcome with an emotion: to lose control because of the emotion. Healthy: in good health