Agilent Signal Integrity Seminar 2011

Achieving Higher Bandwidth Connectivity with High-Speed Active Probes How to properly define your needs in Bandwidth and Sampling Rate Oscilloscope Architecture impact on observed Noise and Jitter

Presented by: Pascal GRISON Digital Design Application Engineer Page 1

Rev 22.03.2011

Main Agenda

1.

Connect: Achieve high bandwidth low loading connection

2.

Acquire: Introduce the new Infiniium Performance Series Oscilloscopes and InfiniiMax high performance probe system

3.

New tools for Advanced Debug of Serial Links with a Scope including Equalization and Channel De-embedding

Page 2

1. Connect

High Bandwidth Probes

In a Perfect World… Probes don’t load your circuit Probes accurately reproduce signals under test with high fidelity

Realities in the Real World… Probes have been the “weak link” in the measurement chain when making high bandwidth signal integrity measurements All probes will load the circuit under test to some degree Probing accessories can degrade performance significantly If your probe limits your bandwidth to less than the scope’s bandwidth, you’ve wasted money on your high bandwidth scope

Page 3

Take the Blue Pill and meet the Reality Traditional Active Probing Technology • Modeling • Usability Tradeoffs • Measured Response

InfiniiMax Active Probing Technology • Modeling • High-Bandwidth Connectivity Options • Measured Response

System Bandwidth • Maximally Flat versus Gaussian Response • Sample rate and aliasing • Required System Bandwidth versus Measurement Accuracy Page 4

Traditional Active Probing Technology The performance of an active probe is dominated by the connection to the point being probed.

Length affects bandwidth

Page 5

Length does not affect bandwidth

Accurate Oscilloscope Measurements Food Chain

Connection Bandwidth

Probe BW

Scope BW

Sample Rate

System bandwidth can be viewed as a measurement chain, where the lowest performance component in the measurement system will limit the bandwidth of the measurement.

Page 6

Probing Use Models and Tradeoffs

4 GHz coaxial ground socketed connection requires „keep-out‟ space.

3.5 GHz “browsing” connection with variable ground spacing.

1.5 GHz 5 cm wire extender connection allows for handsfree probing and access to hard-toreach points.

The connection dominates the probe system’s performance Page 7

Probe Input Model - Connection Dominated

The connection can be modeled as an LC tank circuit or as a piece of transmission line

• Input impedance resonates low at 1/4 wave frequency of transmission line

• Transmitted response resonates high at same frequency

Page 8

Probe Input Model - Properly Damped

Can be modeled as properly damped LC tank or source terminated transmission line

• Input Impedance: Doesn’t resonate low, never goes below RTIP

• Transmitted Response: Flat is where it’s at!

Page 9

4 GHz Active Probes w/5 cm Connection Accessory Undamped

Damped

Input Impedance 5 105 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 104

Page 10

Frequency (Hz)

1 10

109

6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 104

Frequency (Hz)

109

4 GHz Probes w/ 5 cm Connection Accessory Undamped

Damped

Transmitted Response 15

15

VOUT VIN 0

0

VIN -10

-10

25

15

VOUT

VOUT / VIN

VOUT / VIN 0 0 -5

Page 11

-15 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 681 2 4 6

6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 6 81 2 4 681 2 4 6

104

104

Frequency (Hz)

109

Frequency (Hz)

109

How to test Your Probe? Build a Probe Performance Verification Fixture 50 ohm micro strip line through fixture with SMA connectors like the one below:

Signal Ground BNC to SMA

Probing on the surface SMA Cable

Accessories provided with all DSO80000B

With this method, You can observe the signal connected through SMA Cable & compare with actual output of the probe Page 12

How to test Your Probe? via probe

with probe No probe

CAL

CH3

Vsource Vin Vout

CH1

50 ohm fixture

2ns/div 50Ohms Microstrip PCB with SMA connectors

V Source: True signal w/ no probe effect V In: Signal affected by Probing V Out: Signal displayed by Probe

Page 13

4 GHz Probes w/ 5 cm Connection Accessory Undamped

Damped

50MHz Clock, 1ns Rise Time

Vsource Vin Vout

2ns/div

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2ns/div

4 GHz Probes w/ 5 cm Connection Accessory Undamped

Damped

50MHz Clock, 100ps Risetime

Vsource Vin Vout

2ns/div

Page 15

2ns/div

4 GHz Probes w/ 5 cm Connection Accessory Undamped

Damped

250MHz Clock, 100ps Rise Time

Vsource Vin Vout

500ps/div

Page 16

500ps/div

4 GHz Probes w/ 5 cm Connection Accessory Undamped

Damped

500MHz Clock, 100ps Rise Time

Vsource Vin Vout

500ps/div

Page 17

500ps/div

Probe Tip Damping Resistor Summary Eliminates In-band Resonance Reduces high frequency impedance loading problem

Significantly improves signal fidelity problem

However, damping resistor probe tip technology does NOT solve bandwidth limitations due to connection accessory length!

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“Squeezing” Out Additional Bandwidth Design Techniques to Improve Bandwidth Performance Increase amplifier bandwidth Reduce amplifier size Position amplifier close to blunt probe tip Reduce probe tip (fixed tip) & ground lengths Limit probe tip & ground to fixed spacing (2mm)

Results

1-10 mm (variable spacing)

2 mm (fixed spacing)

3.5 GHz Probe

6 GHz Probe

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Increased bandwidth Browsing use model only Reduced usability No BW improvement for solder-in or socketed use models

The Ideal High Bandwidth Active Probe Probe bandwidth  oscilloscope’s bandwidth Optimized for all probe use models  Browsing by hand  Browser in probe stand  Socketed connections  Solder-in connections

Allows flexible connection options without a performance trade-off Can make high bandwidth single-ended or differential measurements

Page 20

Agilent‟s InfiniiMax Probe Design Approach Abandon traditional active probe topology approach Don’t attempt to position amplifier close to probe point Replace “uncontrolled” transmission line connection with a “controlled” transmission line probe head connection Employ superior differential active probing technology

Page 21

Agilent’s InfiniiMax Architecture

200 fF +sig 25K

ZO=50 50 50 RF Connector

25K -sig

ZO=50

50

+

-

50

Oscilloscope ZO = 50 50

200 fF ~ 5 mm

Page 22

~ 10 cm

Probe Amplifier

Probe Cable

InfiniiMax High Performance Modular Probing System

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Higher Bandwidth Connectivity Solutions InfiniiMax probing system offers the following options: – Solder-in probe head – Jumper Socketed probe head – Zero Insertion Force Test Points – Versatile differential browser – Differential and single-ended

10cm ZIF Probe Head

10 cm solder-in probe head

Page 24

10 cm socketed probe head

Differential browsing probe head

Impedance for “Browser” and 10 cm Solder-in Probe Heads Browser Probe Head

10 cm solder-in Probe Head

Input Impedance vs Frequency 1.00E+05

1.00E+05

Zdiff ZSE

1.00E+04

1.00E+03

1.00E+02

1.00E+03

ZminDIFF = 230 ZminSE = 150

1.00E+02

1.00E+01 1.0E+06

ZminDIFF = 275 ZminSE = 200

1.00E+01 1.0E+07

1.0E+08

Frequency Page 25

Zdiff ZSE

1.00E+04

1.0E+9

1.0E+10

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

1.0E+08

Frequency

1.0E+9

1.0E+10

Transmitted Response for “Browser” and 10 cm Solder-in Probe Heads

Browser Probe Head

10 cm solder-in Probe Head

Transmitted Response 6

6

4

2 0 -2 -4 -6

Vin Vout Vo/Vi

-3dB=6.3 GHz

-8

Page 26

2 0 -2 -4 -6

Vin Vout Vo/Vi

-3dB=8 GHz

-8

-10 -12 1,0E+08

Attenuation (dB)

4

-10 1,0E+09

Frequency

-12 1,0E+10 1,0E+08

1,0E+09

Frequency

1,0E+10

Pulse Response for Browser & 10 cm Solder-in Probe Heads Browser Probe Head

10cm solder-in Probe Head

500MHz Clock, 100ps Risetime

Vsource Vin Vout

500ps/div

Page 27

500ps/div

Pulse Response for Browser & 10 cm Solder-in Probe Heads Browser Probe Head

10cm solder-in Probe Head

1.2GHz Clock, 100ps Risetime

Vsource Vin Vout

200ps/div

Page 28

200ps/div

Pulse Response for 10 cm Solder-in Probe Head

1.2 GHz Clock, 100ps Risetime

Vsource Vin Vout

200ps/div

Page 29

Common Mode Rejection Single-end Browser vs Differential Browser 0

Attenuation (dB)

-10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 1,0E+08

Page 30

1,0E+09

Frequency

1,0E+10

Single-Ended Connectivity Kit E2668A Single-Ended Connectivity Kit E2676A Single-Ended Browser • 5.5 GHz Bandwidth • Input R: 25k • Input C: 0.70 pF • Variable tip spacing, replaceable tips • 15 replaceable tips, 2 gnd. collars & ergo sleeve

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Ergonomic browser sleeve

Single-ended Socket (bundle of 2)

Single-Ended Solder-In (bundle of 4)

• 7 GHz Bandwidth • Input R: 25K • Input C: 0.59 pF • 100 mil spacing, accepts 20-mil resistor leads • 8 damping resistors

• 5.2 GHz Bandwidth • Input R: 25K • Input C: 0.55 pF • 8 mil nickel tip leads are robust but flexible • 8 damping resistors

Differential Connectivity Kit E2669A Differential Connectivity Kit E2675A Differential Browser Qty 1 • 6 GHz Bandwidth • Input R: 50K • Input C: 0.33 pF • Variable tip spacing, replaceable tips • Dual tip Z-axis compliance • 30 replaceable tips and ergo sleeve

Page 32

Ergonomic browser sleeve

E2678A Differential Socket (bundle of 2)

E2677A Differential Solder-In (bundle of 4)

• 8 GHz Bandwidth • Input R: 50K • Input C: 0.38 pF • 100 mil spacing, accepts 20-mil resistor leads • 8 damping resistors

• 8 GHz Bandwidth • Input R: 50K • Input C: 0.30 pF • 8 mil nickel tip leads are robust but flexible • 8 damping resistors

Comparison of Differential vs. Single-ended Probes

Differential Active Probe Advantages Higher bandwidth (virtual ground plane) High-Density Probing Variable spaced probe tips Higher common mode rejection Ease-of-use (eliminates interchanging probes) Better repeatability (reduces outer mode phenomena)

Single-end Active Probe Advantages Lower cost Smaller browser Page 33

The story continues: the InfiniiMax II, 12 GHz Probes

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The N5382A 12 GHz Differential Browser

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N5426A Zero Insertion Force 12GHz Test Points

N5426A (Kit of 10)

N5425A N5451A InfiniiMax Long Wire ZIF Tip  Wider span than standard ZIF Tip to probe signal like DDR system  Two different wire length: 7 mm (>9GHz) and 11 mm (>4.5GHz)

N5451A Long Wire Zif Page 36

Need High Impedance Probing in -55°C - +150°C? Agilent Exclusive N5450A 90cm 12GHz InfiniiMax Cable Extension

Page 37

Need Extended Dynamic Range and Offset?

Application Note 1601 5989-7587EN Page 38

Replace unreliable repetitive manual Probing: Get Automated measurement of multiple High Impedance test points! The specific Infinimax Probe architecture using 50 Ohms coaxial transmission lines allow the use of programmable RF switch matrix to commute multiple High impedance test points to a single probe amplifier. Typical Time propagation mismatch of RF Switch is +/- 2.5ps

Photographie extraite d’un BANC Automatique de Caractérisation des marges de timings d’un contrôleur mémoire DDR. Simulation cycles de lecture par PARBERT Caractérisation cycles d’écriture par Oscilloscope DSO80404B et sondes Infinimax Réalisation de la société BOURBAKY pour ST Micro

Avec l’aimable autorisation de J-C VERNET. http://www.bourbaky.com Page 39

12GHz Differential Amplifiers and Probe Heads Probe Amplifiers Specified Bandwidth Characterized Probe Tips Noise Referred to Input Attenuation Differential Dynamic Range

DC Offset Range Maximum Voltage

Agilent 1169A Agilent 1168A 12 GHz 10 GHz Yes Yes 2.5 mV rms 2.5 mV rms 3.45:1 3.45:1 3.3 V p-p 3.3 V p-p +/- 16 V +/- 30 V

+/- 16 V +/- 30 V

N5380A 12 GHz Differential SMA Adapter Probe Head

Agilent offers excellent bandwidth, characterized performance for various probe tips, low noise, low attenuation, good dynamic range and small size in its InfiniiMax II series probes

N5381A 12 GHz Differential Solder-in Probe Head: 210 fF input capacitance, 50 kOhm input resistance 4” reach, 2 mm probe head size at taper, 0.2-3.3 mm lead span

N5382A 12 GHz Differential Browser:

210 fF input C, 50 kOhm input R, 0.2-3.3 mm lead span

Page 40

Get Access to your BGA DDR Memory Modules • BGA Interposers for Scope & Logic Analyzer • Stubs and capacitive loading is minimized • Accessibility to all DDR signals • Bandwidth of up to 6GHz • High signal integrity performance

Oscilloscope DDR2/3 BGA Probe

Logic Analyzer DDR2/3 BGA Probe

Page 41

InfiniiMax High Performance Probe System Highest performance differential and single-ended probes Damping resistor probe tips result in reduced loading and increased signal fidelity Allows flexible connection options without a trade-off in performance Fully characterized performance for all probe heads Probes aren’t the weak link in the measurement chain anymore!

Page 42

Rise-Time/Fall-Time Characteristics Measurement Configuration DSO91304A with or without 1169A and N5381/2A DSO91204A with or without 1169A and N5381/2A 1169A and N5381/2A probe only 1168A and N5381/2A probe only

20-80% Rise-Time 23 ps 25 ps 28 ps 34 ps

10-90% Rise-Time 33 ps 36 ps 40 ps 48 ps

InfiniiMax II probes are automatically phase compensated by 90000 Series oscilloscopes. This improves rise-time performance and overall signal fidelity. InfiniiMax II probe can be used with Agilent Infiniium DCAs or Agilent Spectrum Analyzers at slightly reduced rise-time characteristics.

Page 43

50Ohms or Probed Signal ? Agilent Focuses on Signal Integrity 1169A 12GHz Diff Probe

A

DUT: 2.5Gbps PRBS Magenta: SMA direct Green: Probing

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DUT: 5Gbps PRBS Magenta: SMA direct Green: Probing

DUT: 10Gbps PRBS Magenta: SMA direct Green: Probing

How to Choose the your Oscilloscope?

Understanding the Measurement Chain Difference between Gaussian and Maximally Flat Bandwidth How Much Bandwidth and Sampling Rate do I REALLY need? Measurement Noise Floor and ADC Distorsion: Why should I Care? Applications: Jitter, Compliance tests tools, Wireless Communication…

Page 45

Accurate Oscilloscope Measurements Food Chain

Connection Bandwidth

Probe BW

Scope BW

Sample Rate

System bandwidth can be viewed as a measurement chain, where the lowest performance component in the measurement system will limit the bandwidth of the measurement.

Page 46

Finding the Max Frequency Contents in the Signal • The repetitive data rates alone will not determine the frequency contents of the signal. The transition time (rise and fall) of the signal determines the frequency contents (each standard has its own rise/fall time specifications)

• Faster the rise time, more higher harmonics in the signal.

Finding Max Freq Contents of Signal (fmax) from the Rise Time fmax = 0.5 / Tr (10%-90%) or fmax = 0.4 / Tr (20%-80%) The definition of fmax will be the same as “Knee Frequency” described in literature “High-Speed Digital Design – A handbook of Black magic” by Johnson & Graham. It is the bandwidth which contains most of the energy contents within given digital signal.

So, is the required BW of the scope equal to “fmax”? Actually not so simple. See next page for more details.

Page 47

Case Study 1: Observing the 4.8Gbps (FB-DIMM like) Signal with Various Edge Rates (at 55ps) 4.8Gbps: Fundamental Freq = 2.4GHz, 3rd Harmonics = 7.2GHz, 5th Harmonics = 12GHz 6GHz Scope

6GHz scope only captures fundamental frequency.

8GHz Scope

8GHz scope captures both fundamental and 3rd harmonics, but not 5th. The eye pattern changes dramatically.

12GHz Scope

Although 12GHz scope captures 3rd and 5th harmonics, at 55ps rise time, there is no difference between eye patterns of 8 and 12GHz scope even the signal rate stays at 4.8Gbps. This is because the signal has no 5th harmonics freq content.

It is the “edge rate” that determines required BW, not 3rd and 5th harmonics. Page 48

Two Types of Scope Response Filter: Gaussian vs. Brickwall (Maximum Flatness) Response filter example for 1GHz scope 1.2

-3dB (bandwidth of the scope)

Gain

1.0

Brickwall

0.8 0.7

Gaussian

0.4

0

500M Hz

1.0GHz

Gaussian Gradual signal attenuation inside and outside of the bandwidth. Typically seen on the scopes 1GHz and below

2.0GHz

3.0GHz

4.0GHz

Brickwall (Maximum Flatness) Less attenuation within the bandwidth and has a flat response. Faster roll off outside of bandwidth

Typically seen on the scopes above 1GHz. Agilent is using this filter on scopes 2GHz and above. For more info, see application note 5988-8008EN

Page 49

Frequency

Rise Time vs. Bandwidth and Required Sampling Rate Scope BW and Measurement Accuracy fmax Scope Digital Filter Type Measurement Error of Tr 20% 10% 3% Sampling Speed (With sin (x)/x interpolation feature)

0.5 / Rise Time (10%-90%) 0.4 / Rise Time (20%-80%) Gaussian

Brickwall Scope BW

1.0 fmax 1.3 fmax 1.9 fmax 4 x BW

1.0 fmax 1.2 fmax 1.4 fmax 2.5 x BW For more info, see application note 5988-8008EN

• A simple calculation matrix to determine the required scope bandwidth and the sampling rate to characterize a given signal accurately. • Notice, due to the different amount of “out of bandwidth” signal frequency contents that each filter response captures (i.e. becomes the source of aliasing), in order to characterize the signal with desired accuracy, a scope with a “Gaussian” filter response requires more bandwidth and more sampling rate than a scope with a “Brickwall” filter response.

Page 50

Knowing the filter response of your selected scope is very critical when accurately characterizing your signal. Let’s look at typical examples next.

System Bandwidth Calculation Example Determine the minimum required bandwidth and sample rate of a flat frequency response oscilloscope to measure a 100ps risetime (20-80%) to an accuracy of 3%: Fmax = (0.4/100ps) = 4.0 GHz

Required oscilloscope bandwidth = 1.4 * 4.0 GHz = 5.6 GHz

Minimum Sample Rate = 2.5 * 5.6 GHz = 14.0 GSa/s

Page 51

Optimum Bandwidth & Sampling Rate& Sampling Rate by Common Serial Applications Application

USB2.0

Signal Rate

Fundamental Freq

Rise Time Base (at GBA)

Optimum Bandwidth & Sample Rate

CEM/Probing Point

Brickwall

S.Rate

Gaussian

S.Rate

480Mbps

240MHz

500ps (10-90%)

1.5GHz

3.6GSa/s

2.0GHz

8GSa/s

DDR2

Up to 800MT/s

400MHz

288ps (10-90%)

2.4GHz

5.8GSa/s

3.3GHz

13.2GSa/s

DDR3

Up to 1.6GT/s

800MHz

120ps (10-90%)

5.8GHz

13.9GSa/s

7.9GHz

31/5GSa/s

Serial ATA I

1.5Gbps

750MHz

100ps

5.6GHz

13.5GSa/s

7.9GHz

30.5GSa/s

Serial ATA II

3Gbps

1.5GHz

67ps

8.4GHz

20.2GSa/s

11.3GHz

45.2GSa/s

SAS150

1.5Gbps

750MHz

67ps

8.4GHz

20.2GSa/s

11.3GHz

45.2GSa/s

SAS300

3Gbps

1.5GHz

67ps

8.4GHz

20.2GSa/s

11.3GHz

45.2GSa/s

SATA III / SAS600

6Gbps

3GHz

47.7ps

11.7GHz

28.1GSa/s

15.9GHz

63.6GSa/s

PCI Express Gen I

2.5Gbps

1.25GHz

50ps

100ps

5.6GHz

13.4GSa/s

7.9GHz

31.6GSa/s

PCI Express Gen II

5Gbps

2.5GHz

45ps

TBD

12.5GHz

30GSa/s

17GHz

68GSa/s

ExpressCard

2.5Gbps

1.25GHz

50ps

100ps

5.6GHz

13.4GSa/s

7.9GHz

31.6GSa/s

Fibre Channel 4G

4.25Gbps

2.125GHz

75ps

7.5GHz

18GSa/s

10.1GHz

40.4GSa/S

Fibre Channel 8G

8.5Gbps

4.25GHz

60ps

9.3GHz

22GSa/s

12.7GHz

50.8GSa/s

3.125Gbps

1.5625MHz

60ps

9.3GHz

22GSa/s

12.7GHz

50.8GSa/s

HDMI 1.3

3.4Gbps

1.7GHz

75ps

7.5GHz

18GSa/s

10.1GHz

40.4GSa/S

DVI

1.65Gbps

825MHz

75ps

7.5GHz

18GSa/s

10.1GHz

40.4GSa/S

DisplayPort

2.7Gbps

1.35GHz

75ps

7.5GHz

18GSa/s

10.1GHz

40.4GSa/S

FBD I

4.8Gbps

2.4GHz

35ps

45ps

12.5GHz

30GSa/s

17GHz

68GSa/s

FBD II

9.6Gbps

4.8GHz

25ps??

45ps

12.5GHz 30GSa/s DSA90000A

17GHz

68GSa/s

XAUI

Most if not all major serial applications can be covered by Infiniium DSA90000A, a scope with a Brickwall filter

Page 52

How Much Bandwidth Do I Need To Measure A Given Rise/Fall Time Accurately? Rise/fall-time (20-80%)

3% Accuracy

5% Accuracy

10% Accuracy

100 ps 75 ps 60 ps 50 ps 40 ps 30 ps

5.6 GHz 7.5 GHz 9.3 GHz 11.2 GHz 14.0 GHz 18.7 GHz

4.8 GHz 6.4 GHz 8.0 GHz 9.6 GHz 12.0 GHz 16.0 GHz

4.0 GHz 5.3 GHz 6.7 GHz 8.0 GHz 10.0 GHz 13.3 GHz

DSO90404A 4GHz is capable of measuring a 100ps rise time with 10% accuracy DSO90604A 6GHz is capable of measuring a 100 ps rise time with 3% accuracy. DSO90804A 8GHz is capable of measuring a 75 ps rise time with 3% accuracy. DSO91204A 12GHz is capable of measuring a 40 ps rise time with 5 % accuracy. This level of performance can be vital for characterizing and compliance testing of high speed signals.

Page 53

Accurate Oscilloscope Measurements Food Chain

Connection Bandwidth

Probe BW Noisefloor

Scope Sample Rate BW ADC Linearity Noisefloor THD,SNR,SFDR

System bandwidth can be viewed as a measurement chain, where the lowest performance component in the measurement system will limit the bandwidth of the measurement. High Accuracy Repeatable Measurements rely on more factors than just Electrical Bandwidth and High Sampling Rate!! Low Measurement Noisefloor and Advanced Sampling Technology are Key to Achieve Repeatable Results

Page 54

System Bandwidth & Noise Floor Considerations The measurement noise floor is linked to the sensitivity setting

and is proportional to the Bandwidth of the Oscilloscope:

If an active Probe is used, measurement noise increase drastically

Page 55

Why is Vertical Noise Floor Important ? Let’s consider a theoretical signals with Zero jitter, fixed voltage noise presenting three different edge speed and crossing a Threshold at 50%

1)Voltage noise translate directly in Timing Uncertainty (also known as Jitter) 2)Higher Vertical Noise Floor translate in Higher Timing Uncertainty 3)At constant amplitude noise floor, Slower Edge Speed translate into Higher Timing Uncertainty

Page 56

DSO90000A High Performance Oscilloscope: The Block Diagram

New Technologies Invented for Infiniium DSO/DSA90000A Leveraged Technology From DSO80000B

Probe

Attenuator

A/D

Pre-amp

Infiniium Data Accelerator

Memory

PCIe to CPU Edge Trigger

Timebase

Logic Trigger Analog Trigger

Page 57

Frame

Frequency Response of Infiniium DSO91304A Agilent DSO91304A 13GHz FLAT Response

DSO90000A Front End Connectors

Agilent 18GHz Precision BNC input connector BNC-3.5mm 50Ohms 18GHz adapters Provide: Direct compatibility with BNC Cables for simple trigger Compatility of Legacy HP/Agilent Probes with DSO90000A Compatility of new Infinimax Diffrential Probes on 16 GHz bandwidth

Agilent Technologies

Introducing Infiniium 90000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Engineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers 

The highest real-time scope measurement accuracy



Complete 30 GHz oscilloscope probing system



The industry’s most comprehensive application-specific measurement software

Bandwidth

6 New Scope Models DSO/DSA91604A Analog Bandwidth (2 ch) 16 GHz Max Sample Rate (2 ch/4 ch) 80/40 GSA/s Std Memory 20M/50M Max Memory 2 Gpts Noise @ 50mV/div 1.34 mV Jitter Measurement Floor 150 fs rms

DSO/DSA92004A

20 GHz 80/40 GSA/s 20M/50M 2 Gpts 1.53 mV 150 fs rms

upgradeable for investment protection

DSO/DSA92504A

25 GHz 80/40 GSA/s 20M/50M 2 Gpts 1.77 mV 150 fs rms

DSO/DSA92804A

28 GHz 80/40 GSA/s 20M/50M 2 Gpts 1.89 mV 150 fs rms

DSO/DSA93204A

32 GHz 80/40 GSA/s 20M/50M 2 Gpts 2.08 mV 150 fs rms

Schedule 1. Scope Architecture

2. Hardware Performance 3. Frequency Interleaving

4. DSP Boosting 5. Measurement Comparisons 6. Conclusion

Scope Architecture

Attenuator

Pre-Amplifier

Trigger

Chip

This

presentation will focus on the pre-amplifier and the importance of understanding its bandwidth

Sampler

ADC

Memory

Controller

Memory

Typical Scope Configuration Maximum Preamplifier Bandwidth

Oscilloscope Bandwidth Spec

DSP Boosting

16 GHz

20 GHz

Frequency Interleave

16 GHz

30 GHz

True Analog Bandwidth

32 GHz

32 GHz

The oscilloscope pre-amplifier

1.

Presents a DC coupled 50 ohm termination impedance at the scopes inputs to its full bandwidth

2.

Provides a mean to offset the dynamic range of the input signal

3.

Corrects the response of the oscilloscope

4.

Provides anti-aliasing at maximum sample rate

5.

Can drive both sampler IC and the trigger IC

6.

Isolates the sampler IC from the trigger outputs

Agilent’s

proprietary multi-chip modules

Preamplifier output bandwidth determines the bandwidth of the oscilloscope Unless: You DSP boost

OR

You use frequency interleaving

Hardware Performance (pre-amplifier BW) ADC Sampler

Requires

Sampler

Pre-Amplifier

significant investment to achieve raw

hardware performance to bandwidths > 16 GHz Semiconductor Process

Cutoff Frequency (GHz)

Agilent Indium Phosphide HBT

200

IBM 8HP

207 200 110 230 190

Infineon B7HF200 IBM 7HP ST BiCMOS9MW IHP SG25H1

ADC

Key Points of Hardware Performance  Requires investment in state of the art chip processes  Typically will have linear noise density to full bandwidth  No noise penalty due to DSP  Flat frequency response

 Design is still a key part of the oscilloscope performance

Data from 90000 X-Series (Analog Hardware Perf.) 90000 X-Series features: 32 GHz pre-amplifier enabled by its IndiumPhosphide front end performance advantages of true analog bandwidth (low noise, jitter, flat response) Magnitude Flatness +/-0.25dB

Linear Noise Density to 32 GHz

ENOB >5 to 30 GHz

What is Frequency Interleaving High frequency components that are greater than the pre-amplifier bandwidth

Down converter

Diplexer

Attenuator

Preamplifier

ADC

ADC Preamplifier

ADC

DSP Channel Combiner

ADC

Frequency Interleaving is an RF Technique that allows for

faster time to market to achieve higher bandwidth

How does frequency interleaving work? 6

High frequency components that are greater than the pre-amplifier bandwidth

Down -

2 Diplexer

1Attenuator

converter

5

ADC

Preamplifier

3 Preamplifier

ADC

ADC ADC

DSP Channel Combiner

4

1. Signal enters an attenuator 2. Signal then enters a diplexer 3. Low frequency content goes through pre-amplifer 4. High frequency content is immediately down-converted 5. Down-converted HF content, goes through lower BW rated pre-amplifier 6. Signal is all put back together

Key Points of Frequency Interleaving  Requires significant DSP processing  Enabled by high powered PC  Achieved through significant advances in RF design  Down-conversion is a key part of the acquisition  Signal is actually interleaved twice

 Allows for faster bandwidths with less investment than hardware performance

Data from frequency interleaved oscilloscope > 3dB magnitude loss Frequency interleaved scopes feature: preamplifier bandwidth rated to ½ the bandwidth of the oscilloscope first oscilloscope to reach >20 GHz

Noise density has 8dB gain at the “mixer point”

Hardware performance vs. frequency interleaving Hardware performance has: 25% higher ENOB ½ the noise floor ½ the noise density 2-5x lower jitter meas. Floor 5x flatter frequency response

DSP boosting (extending the bandwidth)

Sampler

Pre-Amplifier

Sampler

Gain

Does not extend the bandwidth as much as frequency interleaving.

Does not require additional hardware to extend the bandwidth Frequency extension achieved with filters

ADC ADC

How DSP boosting works 1.

Pre-amplifier bandwidth (red trace) does not achieve full bandwidth

2.

Filter is applied that “boosts” the high frequency components of the oscilloscope (green trace)

3.

Additional bandwidth is achieved, up to 25% bandwidth increase (blue trace)

4.

Bit tradeoff of the signal is the noise increase and ENOB erosion of the 2nd harmonic

Filter and software work together to achiever higher bandwidth

Key points of DSP boosting  Requires bandwidth boosting of high frequency components through DSP processing  Achieves up to 25% additional bandwidth without the addition of extra hardware  Trades off measurement accuracy for extra bandwidth as the noise density is significantly increased where boosting filter is applied

Data from DSP boosted oscilloscope 2nd harmonic distortion caused by DSP boosting at 10 Ghz

3dB of variation in frequency response

Notice the gain of the filter, is easily shown in the noise density plot

Hardware performance vs. DSP boosting Noise

Hardware

density increase

performance has:

due to boosting



Limited 2nd harmonic ENOB erosion 

 

½ the noise floor

no noise density spike 2-5x lower jitter meas. floor



3-4x flatter frequency response

Conclusion  Agilent’s 90000 X-Series oscilloscope is the only oscilloscope with >16 GHz pre-amplifier bandwidth and as a result has the lowest noise floor, highest effective bits, and flattest frequency response  Frequency interleaving achieves the highest frequency gain, with the least pre-amplifier bandwidth, but trade-off is signal is downconverted and interleaved twice  DSP boosting achieves higher bandwidth with little additional hardware, but tradeoff is increased noise

InfiniiMax III Series Probing System Unmatched performance Uncompromised usability

 Full 30 GHz bandwidth to the probe tip  Industry’s lowest probe and scope system noise  Industry’s highest fidelity and accuracy due to extremely low loading  Probe amplifiers loaded with measured sparameters for more accurate response correction  Bandwidth upgradeable  Variety of probe heads for different use models with maximum usability

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InfiniiMax III Series Probing System Probe amps

Probe heads

Probe adapters

InfiniiMax III probe amps – 16 GHz, 20 GHz, 25 GHz, 30 GHz

InfiniiMax III ZIF (zero insertion force) probe head 28 GHz

InfiniiMax III ZIF probe tips

Sampling scope Adapter

Browser 30 GHz

Hi impedance probe adapter

• 4 models • 16 GHz - 30 GHz • Bandwidth upgradeable

2.92mm /3.5mm/SMA Probe adapter 28 GHz

Precision BNC 50 ohm adapter

Solder-in Probe head 16 GHz

Performance verification & Deskew fixture

InfiniMax Page

86

III probing system

Agilent

Confidential

InfiniiMax III Series Probing System More accurate probe correction (AC calibration) • Each InfiniiMax III probe amp contains its own frequency response data. • 90k-X Infiniium downloads this data and automatically corrects the response of the unique probe system. • The ability to correct a specific probe amplifier’s response results in a more accurate probe correction, which yields more accurate measurement.

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InfiniiMax III Series Probing System World’s first fully upgradeable probe amplifier Your dilemma  Your signal gets faster each year and you need a faster probe in the future.  Probes are so expensive. NO PROBLEM – Upgrade your InfiniiMax III amp later and save money. • Send the probe amp to Agilent

• Affordable 16 GHz  20 GHz: US$5,000 20 GHz  25 GHz: US$8,000 25 GHz  30 GHz: US$5,000 Page

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InfiniiMax III Series Probing System New InfiniiMax III probe heads ZIF (zero insertion force) probe head and tips

2.92mm /3.5mm/SMA Probe adapter

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• 28 GHz • Hybrid of solder-in and browsing model • 200 Ω tips (for high sensitivity, lower noise) • 450 Ω tips (for wider dynamic range) • 28 GHz • for 2.92 mm, 3.5 mm or SMA connection • Optional 10” flex cable available

Browser

Solder-in Probe head

• 30 GHz • z-axis compliance • variable spacing adjusted with a thumb wheel • Integrated LED lighting at the tip • 16 GHz • economical, semipermanent connection

InfiniiMax III Series Probing System New probe adapters and deskew fixtures Sampling scope Adapter

Precision BNC 50 Ω adapter

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90

• For use with 86100C DAC-J sampling scope

• For use with a 50 Ω-terminated active probe or 50 Ω BNC cable (e.g., InfiniiMax I, II, 1156A-58A)

Hi impedance probe adapter

• For use with a probe that requires high z scope input (e.g. 1147A, N2790A, high z passive probe) • includes one N2873A 500MHz 10:1 probe

Performance verification & Deskew fixture

• Required to calibrate and verify the performance of the InfiniiMax III probe

InfiniiMax III Probe Target Customers and Apps Target Customers Analog validation engineers in R&D with serial links operating between 6-12 Gbps, requiring probing bandwidths between 12-30GHz.

Key Applications • PCI Express gen 3, 8 Gbps • 10 Gigabit Ethernet • SATA/SAS 12 Gbps • GDDR5 7-8 Gbps – 4 probes per scope • Intel QPI (QuickPath Interconnect) – 9.6 Gbps/12.8 Gbps • Intel front-side bus / Intel Thunderbolt • High speed optical apps with 2.92 mm probe head

Probe Compatibility • Compatible with Agilent’s Infiniium 90000-X scopes and DCA-J only • InfiniiMax III probe amps are not compatible with InfiniiMax I or II heads. • InfiniiMax III probe heads are not compatible with InfiniiMax I or II probe amps.

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InfiniiMax Probe Internal Positioning InfiniiMax I (1130A-34A)

InfiniiMax II (1168A-69A)

Bandwidth

1.5 GHz – 7 GHz

10 GHz – 13 GHz

16 GHz – 30 GHz

Rise time (1090%)

60 psec

40 psec

16 psec

Key technology used

25 GHz silicon bipolar IC with traditional thick film

70GHz SiGe bipolar IC process

200 GHz fT InP (indium phosphide) IC process

DC input resistance

50 kΩ (diff)

50 kΩ (diff)

100 kΩ (diff)

DC attenuation

10:1

3.45:1

6:1 or 3:1 (w/ 200Ω ZIF)

Input dynamic range

5 Vp-p

3.3 Vp-p

1.6 Vp-p

Probe interface

AutoProbe I (precision BNC)

AutoProbe I (precision BNC)

AutoProbe II (NMD 3.5mm)

Key accessories

E2675A, N2677A, N2678A, E2695A, N5425A/26A/51A

N5382A, N5381A, N5380A, N5425A/26A/51A

N5445A, N5439A, N5444A, N5441A

Price range (amp only)

$3k - $6k

$7.8k - $9.7k

$14.4k - $29k

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InfiniiMax III (N2800A-03A)

InfiniiMax III Probe Competitive Positioning Tek P7516, P7520

LeCroy WaveLink D13/16/20/2505

Agilent InfiniiMax III (N2800A-03A)

Bandwidth

16 GHz, 20 GHz

13 GHz, 16 GHz, 20 GHz, 25 GHz

16 GHz, 20 GHz, 25 GHz 30 GHz

Rise time (1090%)

27 psec

17.5 psec

16 psec

DC input resistance

100 kΩ (diff)

1 kΩ (diff)

100 kΩ (diff)

Input dynamic range

3.2 Vp-p (12:1) 1.25 Vp-p (5:1)

1.6 Vp-p (3:1)

1.6 Vp-p (6:1) 0.8 Vp-p (3:1)

Offset range

+2.5 to -1.5V

+2.5 to -2.5V

+16 V to -16 V

Tri mode

Yes

No

No

Performance verification by user

No

No (sent to LeCroy)

Yes (with N5443A)

Price range (amp only)

$16.7k (16 GHz) $18.6k (20 GHz)

$8k (13 GHz) $11k (16 GHz) $15k (20 GHz) $20k (25 GHz)

$14.4k (16 GHz) $18k (20 GHz) $25k (25 GHz) $29k (30 GHz)

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“Why Buy from Agilent? InfiniiMax III Series Probing System Top 3 Customer Needs 1. High bandwidth, signal fidelity and accuracy

2. Convenient probe connectivity

3. Ability to use other probes with new Infiniium 90k-X

4. Investment protection of my expensive probe

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94

Problems Solved

Solution Feature/Spec

You can accurately capture fast • Up to 30 GHz of bandwidth to the probe events and make critical • Industry’s lowest probe and scope system measurements. noise • Industry’s highest fidelity and accuracy due to extremely low probe loading and probe’s AC response correction You can probe dense, surface • Four new probe heads are provided to mounted components to accommodate multiple use models support wide variety of high • Variety of probe tip accessories—ease-of-use, speed applications. maintaining low signal loading You can use other 50 ohm or • Precision BNC adapter allows you to use high impedance probe with my previous generation InfiniiMax, 1156-58A or Infiniium 90k-X. 50 ohm BNC cables • Hi impedance adapter allows you to use a probe that requires 1 Mohm input to the scope You can upgrade your probe • You can upgrade the probe amplifier to higher bandwidth after the purchase. bandwidths at a fraction of the cost of a new probe amplifier.

InfiniiMax III Probe Ordering Information Model N2800A N2801A N2802A N2803A N5445A N5439A N5444A N5444A N5442A N5449A N5477A N5443A N5476A N5448A N5440A N5447A

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Description 16 GHz Probe amplifier 20 GHz Probe amplifier 25 GHz Probe amplifier 30 GHz Probe amplifier Browser head ZIF probe head 2.92mm/3.5mm/SMA head Solder-in head Precision BNC 50 Ω adapter High impedance probe adapter Sampling scope adapter Performance verification and deskew fixture Browser replacement tips, set of 4 2.92 mm head flex cable 200 Ω ZIF tip, set of 5 450 Ω ZIF tip, set of 5

Application Solutions: Integrated Deep Analysis

Page 96

Deep Application Analysis: Key Features are “Memory”, “Trigger” & “Integration” Signal Integrity

Debug

Signal Integrity

Debug

Compliance

Analysis

Compliance

Analysis

• Classical Approach/Tools for Debugging/Analysis – Deep Memory / Long Record Capture – Large Selections of Robust HW Triggering

• New Generation Debugging/Analysis – Integrated analysis software applications for a simultaneous seamless debugging – Integrated robust HW Triggering + SW Triggering

Page 97

Understanding The True Power of Deep Memory: Can You Make 1M Measurements in 1 min?

Page 98

Understanding The True Power of Deep Memory: Measuring “All Edges” was The Key

• Measurement Update Rate: – With default measurement mode, the scope makes one measurement per acquisition. With “Measure All Edges” on, the scope makes thousands of measurement per acquisition. – With Infiniium DSO/DSA90000A, you can make up to 150,000 measurements per second, for very stable and reliable measurement result, from both the statistical perspective and from the signal integrity perspective.

Page 99

InfiniiScan Measurement Limit Test (MLT):

The way to search and walk through your deep memory capture Setting Up MLT to search for pulse < 410ps for 2.5Gbps signal (UI = 400ps) 1. Set limit conditions. 3. When “Stop On Failure” is on, the scope stops immediately when limit condition is met. 2. Immediately states are shown. Accumulated results are shown if in a continuous triggering mode.

3. User can search the failed conditions from the last acquisition

Search/Navigation Tool Page 100

“InfiniiScan Plus”: The New Generation Trigger Integrated robust HW Triggering + SW Triggering

• B Sequence Trigger with “delay” &“reset” condition setting (Not available at the intro. Available in 3 to 4 months).

• 3 level sequence trigger with integrated HW and InfiniiScan SW trigger

Page 101

“InfiniiScan Plus”: The New Generation Trigger Integrated robust HW Triggering + SW Triggering

HW runt trigger was able to capture the signal, but no hysteresis setting possible in HW trigger. With SW runt trigger combined with HW trigger, the user can further qualify the signal with given hysteresis.

HW glitch trigger is set at Host/Device Signal Quality fixtures support HiZ differential Probe & 50 OHms SMA connection ->Includes 8 Ports 100mA/500MA Drop/Droop Test Fixture designed for Automated Measurements

Page 125

Something New: Merging Agilent scope technology with Agilent Vector Signal Analysis The Infiniium Oscilloscope provides a 13 GHz front end digitizer! Agilent Proprietary FFT software provides wideband spectrum analysis! Wideband analysis up to 13 GHz far exceeds traditional spectrum analyzer bandwidths (~100 MHz)!

The entire signal bandwidth is captured in a single time domain acquisition! Complete data recovery is accomplished with software RF demodulation! No special fixturing is required using Agilent in-circuit RF probes! Multiport measurements can be performed using any user defined wideband signal!

Page 126

Analysis of Wireless Digital Modulation Spectrogram Spectrum

Volts vs time

Phase vs time

Constellation diagram

Frequency vs time Volts vs time

Error Vector Magnitude and demodulated data

Wideband analysis can be performed on any signal up to 13 GHz! Page 127

Advanced Design System Simulation

Agilent Solutions for Certified Wireless USB based on WiMedia Technology Signal Capture Rx

Agilent N7619A Signal Studio for Multiband OFDM UWB

Agilent N6030A Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Base Band Modulation

Page 128

Tx

DUT

Agilent E8267D PSG Series Vector Signal Generator

Agilent Infiniium DSO 91304A Oscilloscope

Signal Generation

Agilent 89601A VSA Software

Spectrum Testing Agilent N9020A Spectrum Analyzer

Thank You for Coming

Page 129