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POCKET COMPUTER
PC-1600 TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL
FORWARD
•
The PC-1600 Technical Reference Manuai describes the specifications and usage of the 1OCS (Input/Output Contrai System), which controis the i/O operations of the PC-1600 main unit and the peripherais, and gives information regarding the PC-1600 hardware and its interfaces (system bus, RS-232C, etc.) The Technical Reference Manuai has been compiled to provide the IOCS interface information that may be needed when advanced users and programmers write more sophisticated application programs using the machine tanguage of the PC-1600 and to give the hardware information necessary for construction of an application hardware system using the PC-1600. This manual also contains PC-1600 programming know-how and considerations sa that PC-1600 users can make the most of the PC-1600 system. The Technical Reference Manual has been written on the assumption that the reader is already familiar with the basic knowledge of PC-1600 and the general information about computer hardware and programming (especially of Z80 CPU). Many commercial publications are available describing general computer architecture and Z80 CPU. Read them, if necessary, in addition ta this manual. We hope that PC-1600 users, software house programmers and system house engineers will use this manual ta develop various kinds of application programs for the PC-1600 system and PC-1600-based application systems. SHARP CORPORATION Information Systems Group
CONTENTS FORWARD CHAPTER 1 T
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
CHAPTER 2 Z-80 MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS AND LOAD AREA 2 1 Memory Map 2 2 BASIC Commands Related to Machine Language
CHAPTER 3 IOCS 31 DISPLAY 3 11 IOCS Routines for LCD 3 1 2 Work Area used for IOCS Routines for LCD 3 1 3 Character Font
3.2 KEY INPUT 3 2 1 tOCS Routines for Key Input 3.2.2 Work Area used for IOCS Routines for Key Input 3.2.3 Scanning of ON (BREAK) Key 3.2.4 Entry of International Characters and Symbols 3 2 5 Data FIow from Key Scanning to KEYGET Routine 3 2 6 Re-definition of Keys 33 FILES 3.3.1 Files Handled in BASIC 3.3.2 IOCS Routines for Files
3.5
T
•
3.3.3 Structure of Memory File 3.4 INTERRUPT HANDLtNG 3.4.1 Interrupt Handling 3.4.2 Work Area used for Interrupt handling SYSTEM START-UP 3.5.1 Processing at Power On 3.5.2 Execution of Boot Program 3.6 RS-232C AND SIO 3.6.1 Handling RS-232C and SlO in BASIC 3.6.2 Data Format of Communications 3.6.3 IOCS Routines for RS-232C and Sl0 3.7 PRINTER 3.7.1 IOCS Routines for Printer (1) 3.7.2 IOCS Routines for Printer (2) 3.8 DISK 3.8.1 Floppy Disk Format 3.8.2 Specifications of Floppy Disk 3.8.3 File Management 3.8.4 IOCS Routines for Floppy Disk 3.8.5 Processing at Power-On Time 3.9 TIMER/ANALOG PORT 3.10 BEEP 3.11 TAPE RECORDER 3.11.1 PC-l600Mode(Mode0) 3.11.2 PC-1500/PC-1500A Mode (Mode 1)
1
5 6 7 11 12 12 28 29 30 30 37 38 38 38 39 45 45 48 53 58 58 61 62 62 63 65 65 67 67 75 75 76 94 94 95 95 97 103 104 114 117 117 122
~.11.3 Work Area Used for Cassette Tape Recorder aiz MEMORY 3~12.1 Slots and Memory Modules 3.12.2 Work Area Used for Memory 3.12.3 IOCS Routines for Memory Control 3.13 MEMORY MODULE 3.13.1 Location of Memory Module 3.13.2 Type of Memory Module 3.13.3 Header Structure of Memory Module
CHAPTER 4 BAS~CRNTERPRETER 4.1
FUNCTIONS HANDLING AND INTERNAL EXPRESSION 4.1.1 Intermediate Codes of Functions 4.1.2 Arithmetic Registers 4.1.3 InternaI Expression of Numeric Values and Strings 4.1.4 Function Operation Subroutines 4.2 BASIC PROGRAM TEXT HANDLING 4.2.1 Subroutines for Numeric Value Handling 4.2.2 Subroutines for ASCII Code Conversion 4.2.3 Subroutines for Evaluation of Expressions 4.2.4 Subroutines for BASIC Text 4.2.5 Intermediate Code Table
CHAPTER 5 OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUT~ONS 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16
AUTOMATIC LOADING AND RUNNING 0F BASIC PROGRAM FILE (AUTORUN.BAS) CHANGING DISPLAY CHARACTER FONT EXTENDED FUNCTION 0F KEYSTAT COMMAND SEGMENTING ONE RAM MODULE FOR DIFFERENT USES FILE FORMAT DATA INPUT/OUTPUT TO FILE DEVICE PRECAUTIONS FOR USE 0F SERIAL PORT (RS-232C AND 510) TRANSFERRING A BASIC PROGRAM BETWEEN PC-1600 AND OTHERMACHINE MERGING PROGRAM FILES SAVING AND LOADING THE RESERVE AREA DISABLING THE KEY INTERRUPT DUE TO ON KEY STATEMENT CE-153 CONTROL UT1LITY (FOR PC-1600) RST COMMANDS 0F SC-7852 (Z-80) SC-7852 (Z-80) AND LH-5803 MICROPROCESSORS COMPATIBILITV WITH PC-1500 PRECAUTIONS FOR APPLICATION PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 6 WORK AREA USED FOR BAS~C 6.1 OVERVIEW 0F WORK AREA 6.2 EXPANSION 0F WORK AREA AND BUFFER 6.3 WORK AREA MAP
CHAPTER 7 PC-1600 HARDWARE 7.1
CPU 7.1.1 Specifications of SC-7852
125 127 127 128 130 135 135 135 136 137 138 138 140 141 143 148 148 149 150 152 157 163 164 164 165 166 167 168 171 176 179 180 181 182 186 187 188 191 195 196 197 200 207 208 208
7 72 7
î
73 74 75 76
7 1 2 Specifications of LH-5803 7 1 3 Specifications of LU57813P 7 1 4 Interface Between SC-7852 (Z-80) and LH-5803 1 5 Interface Between Sub-CPU and Main CPU MEMORY 2 1 Memory Map Viewed from SC-7852 (Z-80) 7 2 2 Memory Chip Select SignaIs 7 2 3 Memory Map Viewed from LH-5803 LCD KEYBOARD BUZZER RS-232C/SIO INTERFACE
77 POWER SUPPLY 7 7 1 Kinds of Suppiy Voltages 7 7 2 Kinds of Power Supplies 78 GATE ARRAY 79 CONTROL 0F I/O PORT CONTROLLER
CHAPTER 8 HARDWARE 0F PER~PHERALDEVIICES î
r:
215 218 222 222 223 223 225 225 226 227 227 227 231 231 231 232 234
81 CE-1600P 8 2 CE-1600F/CE-1650F
237 238 245
8.3 84 85 8.6 8.7
248 251 260 260 261
CE-1600M CE 1620M/CE 1601 E/PROM PROGRAMMER CE-1600L/CE-1601T CE-1601L CE-1605L CE-1 6OCA ...
CHAPTER 9 CIIRCUPT D~AGRAM 9.1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 0F PC-1600
263 264
9.2
C1RCUIT DIAGRAM 0F PERIPHERAL DEVICES
268
CHAPTER 10 APPEND~CES 10.1 10.2 10.3 104 10.5
CHARACTER CODE TABLE KEV CODE TABLE CONNECTOR PIN CONFIGURATION Z-80 MNEMONIC CODES MNEMONIC CODES 0F 1H-5803
273 274 275 278 281 297
CHAPTER 1 SYSTEM
E
CONFIGURATION
1
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION The PC-1600 can be connected with various kinds of optional peripheral devices. The following figure shows the system configuration of the PC-1600 and these peripherals. Since the system bus of the PC-1600 is compatible with that of the PC-1500 serial, the PC-1600 can use most of the PC-1500/PC1500A peripheral devices.
PC-1600 System Configuration CE-1600? Printer with Cassette interface
Tape recorder connection cables (standard accessories of CE-1 600P)
~2—EE~ I Cassette CE-152 Recorder II
CE-16001 Optical Fiber Cabie
Optical Seriai Port
IIL~~~ I ~1 I~ I II
liii
~DDaEJD C~D~Dt~
~
I ~
CE-1602T Converteri
~F
Bar-code pen readej CE-1601N
Analog Input Port
Bar-code pen reader
CE-158 Seriai and Paraiiei interface Unit
CE-1FO1A
[L-
I
utility program
J
Siot 2Modules Siot t1 I‘t RAM CE-161 CE-151 / i~~i CE-1600M c~ 620M CE-155 CE-159 ~ CE-1600M CE-1620M
II
iJ~i j
-
-
/
/ /I I I I/ /
I ‘////I II /
~/~~1CassetteCE-152 Recorder II Tape recorder conriection cabies (standard accessories
CE-150 Printer with Cassette interface
0f CE-150)
CE-5 16L CE-5l5pPrinter CE-516PPrinter
Cabie
Acoustic Coupler or Direct Modem
I
L
MZ-5500, MZ-5600
E
I j
Personal computers I PC-5000 Portable Computeri I CE-158 Serial and i I ParallelinterfaceUnit I 1 IPC-7000 Personal Compute~ ~
J
IBM Personal Computer
ESeriai RS-232C Port
J
Open
CE-160 iL Cable CE-16021 Cabie CE-16031 Cabie CE-1 604L Cabie
Cable
Note: Connection of CE-1600F requires CE-1600P. CE-158 and CE-162E cannot be connected to CE-1600P.
9
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
•
(1) Perlpheral devlces for PC 1600 CE-1 600P: A4-size 4-color plotter-printer CE-1600F: 2.5-inch floppy disk drive CE-1600M: 32KB RAM module CE-1650F: 2.5-inch floppy disk package (10 disks) CE-1 602T: SIO/RS-232C converter CE-1600L: Optical fiber cable CE-1601 L: Cable for modem/acoustic coupler CE-1 602L: RS-232C cable for MZ-5600 and MZ-5500 CE-1 603L: RS-232C cable for PC-5000 and CE-158 CE-1620M: PROM module (32KB ROM) CE-1601N: Bar-code pen reader CE-1 FO1A: Bar-code pen reader utility program (floppy disk) CE-1604L: RS-232C cable for IBM-PC and PC-7000 CE-1 605L: RS-232C cable (open end) (2) Peripheral devices for PC-1500
pï
F».
CE-150:
Color graphics printer
CE-151: CE-152:
Memory module (4KB RAM) Cassette tape recorder
CE-155:
Memory module (8KB RAM)
CE-158: CE-159: CE-161: CE-162E:
RS-232~/ParalIelinterface Program module (8KB RAM) Program module (16KB RAM) ParaIIeI/Cassette interface
Note: CE-150 and CE-158 cannot be used together with CE-1600P.
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L
CHAPTER2 Z-80 MACHINE LANGUAGE
I t
PROGRAMSAND
LOAD AREA
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p
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I. .1•
I~.
5
Z-80 MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS AND LOAD AREA
2.1 Memory Map The following figure shows the PC-1600 memory map viewed from SC-7852 (Z-80). As shown in the figure, the memory space is extended by the bank switching. The bank switching is accomplished in the way: the 64KB memory space of Z-80 is segmented into four 16KB areas, and to each area is allocated one ofthe memory blocks (16KB/block) belonging to that area. Refer to section 3.12.3 for the bank switching procedures. Address
0000 H internai ROM 4000 H InternaI ROM
Module SI 2 (C)
internaI ROM
CE-1 600P Printer Unit
ROM
8000 H
C000 H
Module SIot2 (C) (D)
Module Sioti (A) (B)
internaI ROM
~T
Internai RAM FFFF H BankNo.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Overall Memory [Viewed from Z-80A processorj Address Module SIot 1
Module SIot2
4000 H
I
InternaI RAM
i ~
I
8000 H CE-158 ROM
CE-158 ROM
A000 H CE-150 ROM
CE-150 ROM
C000 H InternaI
ROM FFFF H
BankNo.
2j3~ L~i~
Overali Memory [Viewed from 1H-5803 Sub-Processor]
6
6
Z-80 MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS AND LOAD AREA The PC-1600 can address 8 mermory banks (bank O to bank 7). The first four banks are allocated to
• •
RAM. Banks 4 to 6 hold internaI system ROMs and peripheral memory. Bank 7 is unused, but is addressable. Address C000 H Header C008 H ReserveProgram Area CØC5H
[Allocatablej Machine Program Area
-
-~
•
BASIC Program Area User Area 11834 Bytes
•
-
VariablesArea (F000 H, Work Area FFFFH Bankø Internai RAM [Viewed from Z-80A Processor] With no modules in the expansion slots, the internaI RAM has 11834 bytes of user area. The above memory map shows some of the user area allocated for machine language programs. This machine program area can be set to O with the NEW Command.
2.2 BASIC Commands Rellated to Machine Language (1) NEW command To use the machine language, reserve a machine language program area with NEW command. “SO:” NEW “Si:” ,
where specifies a value of (the desired machine language program area size in bytes) plus C5H. When this command is executed, the memory area from the the star-ting address of the memory in the slot plus C5H to the memory starting address plus minus 1 is allocated for the machine language program area. (Exa m pIe) When CE-159 and CE-1600M are set respectively in slots 1 and 2, both as the program module.
7
Z-80 MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS AND LOAD AREA
When the following NEW commands are executed: NEW “Sl:”,&lOOO NEW “S2:”,&5000 NEW “SO:”,&l 000 the following memory areas can be used for the machine language program: Bank Bank Bank Bank
O: 2: 3: O:
AOC5H to AFFFH 80C5H to BFFFH 8000H to 8FFFH COC5H to CFFFH
(2) PEEK command PEEK #(,-) This command reads the contents of the memory address specified by of the specified . If the memory address you want to read is between C000H and FFFFH, you can use the foilowing format: PEEK (3) POKE command POKE [#-,]-,,... This command writes data items specified by , consecutively into the memory area whose bank and starting address are specified respectively by and . If no bank is specified, bank 0 is selected. (Example) When the following command is executed: POKE &C700,&O1 ,&02,&O3 data (01H, 02H and 03H) are written into the memory as follows. ...
Address
Data
C700H C7O1H C7O2H
01H 02H 03H
II»
Z-80 MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS AND LOAD AREA
•
i
4) CALL
• • •
•
•
CALL [#,J[,] This command executes a machIne language program that is stored in the memory area whose bank and starting address are specified by and . Control returns from the machine Ianguage program when RET command is executed. If no bank is specified, bank O is seiected. If is a numeric variable (value: —32768 to 32767), the following operations are executed: (1) transfer the value of the variable to DE register, (2) execute the machine language program, and (3) when returning from the machine language program, if there is a carry, transfer the contents of DE register to the specified variable. If is a string variable, the following operations are executed: (‘I) transfer the starting address of the string variable to DE register, (2) execute the machine language program, and (3) when returning from the machine language program, if the carry flag is 1, transfer the character string whose starting address is specified by DE register and whose length is
specified by B register into the string variable.
I
Ipl W: W. rI,
Z-80 MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMS AND LOAD AREA Machine Language Programs The PC-1600 can be programnied directly in Z-BOA Assembler code by the advanced programmer. BASIC Machine Language Related Commands BASIC supports a number of commands to load, save, access and calI machine language routines, or to control the machine I/O ports directly. Some of them address the main Z-80A processor, and some address the LH-5803 sub-processor. They are: BLOAD, BSAVE, CALL, CLOADM, CSAVEM, INP, OUT, PEEK, POKE, XCALL, XPEEK, XPEEK#, XPOKE, XPOKE# Memory Allocation for Machine Language Programs Internai RAM can be ailocated for machine language programs with the NEW command, which sets the Iower address of the BASIC program area. The user can also access system utilities in other memory areas, or the peripheral device ROMs, but this needs a detailed knowledge of the memory allocation of the PC-1600 above the covered in this manual.
Compatibîlity with the PC-1500 The following table lists the PC-1600 machine language related commands which are different from the PC-1500 command set: COMMAND NAME PC-1600
PC-1500
XCALL
CALL
POKE
Writes data to LH-5801/3 memory space. Writes data to main Z-80A processor memory space.
POKE XPEEK
Runs machine language program for LH-5801/3 sub-processor. Runs machine language program in PC-1 600’s main processor (Z-80A).
CALL XPOKE
FUNCTION
PEEK
Reads data from LH-5801/3 memory area. Reads data from main Z-80A processor memory area.
PEEK XPOKE#
POKE#
Sends data byte to LH-5801/3 machine i/O port.
XPEEK#
PEEK#
Returns data byte from LH-5801/3 machine I/O port.
J (5
t
CHAPTER 3
I.
I
lacs
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Iv. A W PI
W
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1~• p. W
11
IOCS The PC-1600 has many IOCS routines that perform various kinds of basic input and output operations of the PC-1600 The user may use these routines to efficiently develop a machine language program The eritry addresses of the IOCS routines will not be changed even when the PC-1600 BASIC interpreter s up-versloned in the future Use the 1OCS routines for access to the I/O If you write a program that directly access the I/O (i.e., a program that accesses the I/O with OUT and IN (INP) commands without IOCS routines), the program may not ruri properiy on a new machine that will be released
as a up-graded model of PC-1600 The IOCS routines described in this manual are aIl for the SC-7852 (Z-80) mode. The terms used in the explanations of the 1OCS routines have the following meanings: e Entry address Most of the IOCS routines are executed by directly cailing the entry address of each routine. • IOCS number Some of the IOCS routines are executed by calling a certain address with the particular IOCS number set in C register. • Function Describes the operation of the IOCS routine. e Parameter Some 1OCS routines require the parameter that prescribes the operation of the routine. Set the parameter in memory or registers before calling the routine. e Return Some IOCS routines return data when the routine is completed and control returns from the routine. These returri data are set in memory or registers. e Affected register When a routine is executed, the contents of some reg isters or memory locations are destroyed.
3.1 D~SPLAY 3.1.1 IIOCS Rout~nesfor LCD The following table Iists the names, functions and entry addresses of the IOCS routines. Use the following format to call up these IOCS routines: CALL Entry-address
The LCD related IOCS routines are for displaying data on a single une only: the data are not displayed over more than one line. Function
Name
Entry address
PRTANK
O100H
Display one character.
PRTASTR
OOEBH
Display a string of characters.
CRSRSET
01 15H
Set the cursor position.
CRSRPOS
0118H
Read the Current cursor position.
CRSRSTAT
011 EH
Specify the cursor ‘type.
UPSCRL
012DH
Scroll up the screen.
DWNSCRL
0130H
Scroll down the screen.
1NS1LN
0142H
lnserta blankline.
ERS1LN
0145H
Erasethecontentsofa une.
.4(5
•~
,
Name
Entry address
ERSSTR
O13FH
Display a specified number of
SMBLSET
O13CH
Set the state of the status une symbols.
SMBLREAD
0139H
Read the state of the status une symbots.
RVSC HR
011 BH
SETANK
0109H
Setthedisplaytothecharactermode.
DOTSET
01 27H
Display a dot in the set/presetlreverse mode.
DOTREAD
O12AH
Read the display state of a dot.
LINE
0121H
Drawa une.
BOX
01 24H
Draw a box.
O14BH
Set the graphics
GCRSRPOS
0148H
Read the current graphics cursor position.
PRTGCHR
O14EH
PRTGSTR
OOEEH
PRTGPTN
0154H
GPTNREAD
GCRSRSET
~:
I
Functi on
~.
.
Change the displaymode. of a string of characters currently on the screen to the reverse-video
Cursor position.
Display a character at the current graphics cursor position. Display a string
of characters from
the current graphics cursor position.
1
X
8 dot pattern at the current graphics cursor position.
015AH
Read the 1
X
8 dot pattern atthe
CGMODE
0133H
Change the character generator mode between the PC-1500 mode and the PC-1600 mode.
I
CPY1 500LCD
01 57H
Copy the
I
CLS
0112H
Clear the screen display.
;
BSPCTR
OOE5H
Enable/disable the LCD.
I
SAVELCD
01 5DH
Save the 156x 8 dot pattern of the specified me to RAM.
~
LOADLCD
0160H
Load the 156
~.
Display a
contents of the fourth
X
Current graphics cursor position.
Une of the screen to the PC-1500 mode
8 dot pattern from RAM to the specified une.
I0CS
PRTANK Entry Address
O100H
Function
Display the character of a character code set in A register at the current cursor
position, then move the cursor one column to the right. If the character is displayed at the right most column of the screen (i.e., if the X coordinate of the current cursor position is 25), then CF is set to 1, the cursor display is turned off, and the cursor remains et the same position. Parameter
A = Character code
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF, CRSRX (Cursor X coordinate: FO6OH), CRSRST (Cursor type: F067H)
1 if the character is displayed at the right most column of the screen.
=
PRTASTR Entry Address
OOEBH
Function
Display consecutively from the current cursor position a string of characters whose character codes are stored in consecutive memory locations. This routine displays starting from the beginning of the contents of the memory locations whose starting address is given in DE register pair until it encounters a character whose code is given in A register (this code is not included in the screen display). If the routine displays characters up to the right most coiumn of the screen, then CF is set to 1, the cursor display is turned off, and the cursor remains at the right most position.
Parameter
DE A
Return
=
=
DE
CF
Starting address of the memory locations that contain the char-acter codes Char-acter code of the character (when the routine encounters this code, it terminates the current display operation, not including that code in the screen display.)
=
=
(Address of the memory location which contains the character code of the character last dispiayed) + 1 1 if e character is dispiayed et the right most column of the screen.
Affected Register
AF, DE, CRSRX (Cursor X coordinate: FO6OH), CRSRST (Cursor type: FO67H)
Example
When char-acter codes (41H, 42H, 43H and 44H) are stored in memory locations from C000H to COO3H, set DE = C000H A
=
44H
and execute CALL OOEBH then “ABC” is displayed consecutively from the current cursor position on the screen. (The letter “D” (code 44H) is flot displayed.)
!OCS
CRSRSTAT Entry Address
011 EH
Function
Specify whether or not to display the cursor, and the cursor type if displayed.
Parameter
A=OOH: Turn off the cursor display. A=O1H: Display the underline cursor.
A=02H: Display the square cursor in blinking. A=03H: Display the space cursor in blinking. Return
none
Affected Register
CRSRST (Cursor type: F067H)
CRSRPOS Entry Address
01 18H
Function
Read the current cursor position. (Character mode)
Parameter
none
Return
D
=
Cursor X coordinate
E
=
Cursor Y coordinate
Affected Register
DE
CRSRSET Entry Address
0115H
Function
Set the cursor position. (Char-acter mode)
Parameter
D
=
E
Cursor X coordinate Cursor Y coordinate
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF, CRSRX (Cursor X coordinate: FO6OH), CRSRY (Cursor Y coordinate: FO5FH)
=
11f the specified position is out of the displayable range of LCD.
IoCS
UPSCRL EntryAddress
O12DH
Function
Scroil up the screen one une. The bottom line is cieared and the cursor display is turned off.
Parameter
none
Return
none
Affected Register
none
DWNSCRL Entry Address
O’130H
Function
Scroil down the screen one Une. The top une is cleared and the cursor dispiay is turned off.
Parameter
none
Return
none
Affected Register
none
INSILN Entry Address
0142H
Function
Insert one biank Une at the specified Une position of the screen. The screen contents on that Une and the beiow are scrolled down one Iine. The cursor display is turned off.
Parameter
A
Return
none
Affecte.d Register
AF
=
Une position (0 to 3)
IOCS
ERSILN Entry Address
0145H
Function
Clear the specified Iine of the screen. The line remains as a blank line. A
Une position (0 to 3)
=
~:eturn
none
Mfected Register
AF
.ERSSTR ~try
Address
O13FH
~rctron
Display as many space characters as specified by the number given in B reglster from the specified position of the screen.
~~ameter
A
•
~turn
•&~iectedRegister Pemarks
O: Character mode
=
A
=
B
=
CF
D
=
E
=
X coordinate of the screen position Y coordinate of the screen position
1: Graphics mode DE = X coordinate of the screen position HL = Y coordinate of the screen position Number of spaces =
0: Normal termination 1: Some of the specified number of spaces could flot be displayed. B register stores the number of the spaces that could not be dispiayed
AF, BC, DE The position and state of the cursor remain unchanged.
.SMBLREAD ~t~y Address W~nction
0139H Read the state of the status line symbols.
The state of a set of symbols specified by B register is read into A register.
17
socs Parameter
B
Symbol set number (0 to 2)
=
B
=
0011
DEF
I
II
B
=
0111
//“
RUN
PRO
B
=
0211
KBU
UI
/ //
SMALL
,,/“
~,,/“
RAD
/
SHIET
BUSY
G
DE
CTRL
ba~e~
MSB
LSB
Content of A register
Return
A
=
1
ON
=
State of sym bois (If a bit of A register is 1, this means the symbol corresponding to that bit is displayed on the status line of the screen. if a bit is 0, the symbol is flot displayed.)
Affected Register
•.1W
AF
SMBLSET Entry Address
013CH
Function
Set a set of symbois specified by B register ta the state specified by A register.
Parameter
B A B
=
B
B
= =
Symbol set number (0 to 2) Symbol state (expressed by bit pattern)
0011
01M
=
02M MSB
LSB Content of A register
1
=
ON
Return
none
Remarks
If either of KBU or ~ is set ta 1, ~ symbol is displayed.
.4fl
IOCS
RVSCHR
•
•
Entry Address
O11BH
Function
Change the display of a string of characters currently on the screen to the reverse-video mode. (Character mode)
Parameter
D = X coordinate of the beginning of the string E = Y coordinate of the beginning of the string A = Number of the characters to be displayed in reverse video
Return
CF
Remarks
The cursor display is turned off.
=
1 if the specified coordinates are out of the range.
SETANK Entry Address
0109H
Function
Set the display mode to the character mode and move the cursor ta the home position (0,0).
Parameter
none
Return
none
Affected Register
CRSRX (Cursor X coordinate: FO6OH), CRSRY (Cursor Y caordinate: FO5FH)
DOTSET Entry Address
01 27H
Function
Give the same function as the PSET commands of BASIC.
Parameter
DOTSOP (F096H)
00H: Dot set 01H: Dot reset 02H: Invert the current dot state Xl POS (FO8EH=low byte; FO8FH=high byte) = X coordinate (—32768 to 32767) Y1POS (FO9OH=Iow byte; F091 H=high byte) = Y coordinate (—32768 to 32767)
Return
none
=
19
I OCS Affected Register
AF, LINPTN (F097H, F098H), DOTSOP (F096H)
Remarks
The effective dot addresses of the screen are: O
X
.~
.~.
155 and O
Y
31.
Specifying a dot address out of these ranges causes nothing.
Specify X and Y coordinate values in two bytes each (a negative value in the complement expression). That is, O ta 32767 is expressed as 0000H ta 7FFFH, and —32768 to —1 as 8000H to FFFFH. Exampie
The foilowing will give the same results as the PSET(100,11),X statement in BASIC. POKE &FO8E,&64,&0O,&OB,&00 POKE &F096,&02 CALL &0127
uNE Entry Address
0121 H
Function
Give the same function as the LINE command of BASIC.
Parameter
DOTSOP (F096H)
00H Dot set 01H Dot reset 02H: Invert Xl POS (FO8EH=low byte; FO8FH=high byte) = X coordinate of the starting point (—32768 ta 32767) Y1POS (FO9OH=Iow byte; FO91H=high byte) = Y caordinate of the starting point (—32768 ta 32767) X2POS (F092H=Iow byte; F093H=high byte) = X coordinate of the end point (—32768 ta 32767) Y2POS (F094H=low byte; F095H=high byte) = Y coordinate of the end point (—32768 to 32767) LINPTN (F097H=low byte; F098H=high byte) = Line pattern
Return
Xl POS Y1POS LINPTN
= =
Contents of X2POS Contents of Y2POS Line patter-n ta be drawn next time (the Iine patter-n made by rotating the line pattern used this time one dot ta the left)
Affected Register AF, BC, DE, HL, X1POS, Y1POS, LINPTN Remarks
The effective dot addresses of the screen are: O X 155 and O Y ~ 31. Specify X and Y coordinate values in twa bytes each (a negative value in the camplement expression). That is, O ta 32767 is expressed as 0000H ta 7FFFF-i. —32768 to —1 as 8000H ta FFFFH. Make a Une pattern (LINPTN) in the same manner as far the LINE command BASIC. For exampie, ta make the fallowing une patter-n: .~.
On
~.
.~
IocS
—•
•—••
••••—•.
.•
••._a•
write ADA9H in LINPTN (i.e., write A9H in F097H and ADH in F098H.) Example
The following will give the same results as the LINE(—5,—3)--(100,50),,&ADA9 statement in BASIC. POKE &FO8E,&FB,&FF,&FD,&FF,&64,&O0,&32,&00 POKE &F096,&00,&A9,&AD CALL &O121
DOTREAD Entry Address
01 2AH
Function
Give the same function as the POINT command of BASIC.
Parameter
X1POS (FO8EH=Iow byte; FO8FH=high byte) = X coordinate (in graphics made) Y1POS (FO9OH=Iow byte; FO91H=high byte) = Y coordinate (in graphics made)
Return
A
=
00H: A dot is flot currently displayed et the specified point an the screen.
01H: A dot is currently displayed at the specified point on the screen. Affected Reg ister
AF
Remarks
If the specified point is out of the displayable range of the screen, the routine returns A=OOH. Specify X and Y coordinate values in twa bytes each (a negative value in the compiement expression). That is, O ta 32767 is expressed as 0000H to 7FFFH, and
—32768 to —l as 8000H to FFFFH.
PRTGCHR Entry Address .~inction
O14EH
Display a character whose char-acter code is given in A register at the current graphics cursor position, then move the graphics cursor 6 dots ta the right (i.e., add 06H ta the X coordinate of the graphics cursor.)
21
focs Parameter 1*
A = Char-acter codé DOTSOP(F096H) =
=
=
00H: Display the new char-acter- patter-n, er-asing the pr-eviously displayed 6 X 8 dot patter-n. 01H Display the ORed patter-n of the new char-acter patter-n and the pr-eviously displayed 6 X 8 dot pattern. 02H Display the XORed patter-n of the new char-acter patter-n and the pr-eviously displayed 6 X 8 dot patter-n.
Return
none
Affected Register
AF GCRSRX (Graphics cur-sor- X coor-dinate F099H=low byte FO9AH=high byte)
• j~.
SAVELCD
•
Entry Address
01 5DH
Function
Save the contents (the bit image data of 156 bytes) of a screen une specified by A r-egister, into the sequential memory locations whose starting addr-ess is specified by DE register-.
Parameter
DE = Starting addr-ess of the memory locations in which the line data are saved A = Line position on the scr-een (00H ta 03H: 00H designates the first une of the screen.)
Return
none
Affected Register
AF, DE
Example
The following wili save the contents of the fir-st line cf the scr-een ta the memory locations fr-om E000H to EO9BH. LD DE, E000H
:~
•iii.
LD A, 00H
CALLO15DH LCD
2 3
Memory
IfE000H
EO9BH
92
ocs
PRTGSTR E~tryAddress
OOEEH
•~unction
Display consecutively from the current graphics cursor position a string of char-acter-s whose char-acter- codes are stor-ed in consecutive memary locations. This routine displays starting from the beginning of the contents of the memory
locations whose starting addr-ess is given in DE register pair until it encaunters a char-acter whose code is given in A register (this cade is not included in the
screen display). DE
• ~a’~ameter
A
=
Starting addr-ess cf the memor-y locations that contain the char-acter codes
Char-acter code cf the char-acter (when the routine encounters this cade, it ter-minates the current display oper-atian, not inciuding that cade in the screen display.) DOTSOP (F096H) = 00H: Display the new char-acter patterns, erasing the pr-eviously displayed 6x8 dot patterns. = 01H: Display the ORed patterns cf the new char-acter patterns and the previously displayed 6X8 dot patterns. = 02H: Dispiay the XORed patter-ns of the new char-acter patterns and the pr-eviously displayed 6x8 dot patter-ns. =
(Addr-ess cf the memory location which cantains the char-acter- code of the char-acter- last displayed) + 1 GCRSRX = X coor-dinate of the gr-aphics cur-sor for the next dispiay position DE
H. .&~ctedRegister
=
DE, AF, GCRSRX (FO99H=low byte, FO9AH=high byte)
T~TGPTN •~~yAddress
O154H Display the content cf A register- as e 1 x 8 dot patter-n at the cur-rent graphics cur-sor- position, then maye the graphics cursor one dot te the right (i.e., add 01H to the gr-aphics cursor- X coordinate.) A
=
Dot patter-n
uExample of dot pettern]
4
X
.
cursor position
______________— A register 1 ON O OFF 1 O —~.A=9DH LSB
~i!111 MSB
00
IoCs DOTSOP (F096H) = 00H: Display the new 1 x 8 dot patter-n, erasing the pr-evicusly displayed 1 X 8 dot patter-n. = 01H: Display the ORed patter-n cf the new 1 X 8 dot patter-n and the previously displayed 1 X 8 dot patter-n. 02H: Display the XORed pattern cf the new 1 X 8 dot patter-n and the pr-evicusly displayed 1 x 8 dot patter-n. Return
none
Affected Register
AF, GCRSRX
• :,
GPTNREAD Entry Address
O15AH
Function
Read the 1
X
8 dot pattern fr-om the current graphics cursor position toward the
positive direction of Y axis inta A register. The dot patter-n is r-ead into A register- in the same manner- as described in “Example of dat patter-n” of PRTGPTN routine. If part cf the 1 x 8 dot patter-n ta be r-ead exceeds the screen area, those dots cf the exceeded part are r-ead ta be O.
:1W.~. Parameter
none
Return
A = One binary byte expr-essing the dot patter-n
Affected Register
AF
CGMODE Entry Address
0133H
Function
Change the char-acter- generatar made between the PC-1500 mode and the PC-1600 made.
Parameter
A
Return
none
Affected Register
AF, LCDWK1 (FO5DH)
=
0: PC-1600 mode 1: PC-1500 made
(5 A
IocS
CPV~500LCD ~try Address
0157H
Fu nction
Copy the contents cf the faurth line of the screen (dot patter-n cf 156 bytes) ta the PC-1500 display RAM (7600H to 764FH; or 7700H to 774FH (addr-ess on LH-5803)) with the bit configuration changed for- the PC-1500 format. The state cf the status Une symbols is eIsa copied.
a’ameter
none none
~ected Register
none
CRSRPOS E:y Address
•
•
01 48H
~r~ctjOfl
Read the current graphics cursor position.
~ameter
none
~jrn
DE BC
ected Register ~arks
= =
X coordinate (—32768 X 32767) Ycccrdinate (—32768.~.Y.~ 32767) .~.
.~
DE, BC
X and Y coor-dinates are returned as a twa-byte value (e negative value in the complement expression). That is, O to 32767 is expressed as 0000H ta 7FFFH, and —32768 ta —l as 8000H ta FFFFH.
BOX ~try
Address
O124H Dr-aw a box with the inside filled in.
~.r~rneter
DOTSOP (F096H)
00H: Dot set 01H: Dot reset 02H: Invert X1POS (FO8EH=low byte; FO8FH=high byte) = X coor-dinate cf the starting point cf the diagonal (—32768 ta 32767)
(n:
fOCS Y1POS (FO9OH=iow byte; FO91H=high byte) Y coordinate of the starting point cf the diagonal (—32768 to 32767) X2POS (F092H=low byte; F093H=high byte) = X coor-dinate cf the end point of the diagonal (—32768 ta 32767) Y2POS (F094H=low byte; FO95H=high byte) = Y coar-dinate of the end point of the diagonal (—32768 ta 32767) LINPTN (F097H=Iow byte; F098H=high byte) Line patter-n =
Return
X1POS = Contents of X2POS Yl POS = Contents cf Y2POS LINPTN = Line patter-n te be dr-awn next time (the une patter-n made by ratating the line patter-n used this time one dot ta the left)
Affected Register
AF, BC, DE, HL, Xl PaS, Y1POS, L1NPTN
Remarks
The effective dot addresses cf the screen are: OX~ 155 and 0~Y 31. Specify X and Y coor-dinate values in twa bytes each (a negative value in the complement expression). That is, O ta 32767 (s expr-essed as 0000H ta 7FFFH, and —32768 ta —1 as 8000H to FFFFH. Make e une patter-n (LINPTN) in the same manner as for the LINE command of BASIC. Far example, te make the fallowing une patter-n:
—
_
write ADA9H in LINPTN (i.e., write A9H in F097H and ADH in F098H.) Exampie
The foliowing will give the same results as the LINE(—5,—3)—(100,50),,&ADA9,BF statement in BASIC. POKE &FO8E,&FB,&FF,&FD,&FF,&64,&OO,&32,&00 POKE &F096,&00,&A9,&AD CALL &0124
GCRSRSET Entry Address
O14BH
Function
Set the graphics cur-sor- position.
Parameter
DE BC
=
=
X caor-dinate (—32768 X 32767) Y coar-dinate (—32768 Y~.32767)
Return
none
Affected Register
GCRSRX, GCRSRY
Remarks
Specify X and Y coor-dinate values in two bytes each (a negative value in the compiement expression). That is, O ta 32767 is expressed as 0000H to 7FFFH, and —32768 te —1 as 8000H ta FFFFH.
fOCS
•~ntryAddress
0112H
~inction
Clear the screen display.
~meter
none
mn
none
fecled Register
none The cursor display is turned off.
-
.
~CTR .Address
OOE5H Enabie/disable the LCD.
~Teter
A
=
01H: Enabie the LCD. 00H: Disabie the LCD.
none sted Register
~-I
AF
(~fl
Address Function
0160H Load 156 bytes of data fr-om the sequential memary locations whase starting address (s specified by DE register, as the 156 X 8 dot patter-n ta a screen line specified by A register.
Parameter
DE
Return
A = Line position on the screen (00H ta 03H) nane
Affected Reg ister
AF, DE
=
Starting address cf the memory locations from which the 156x8 dot patter-n are loaded
07
tocs
3.1.2 Work Area used for IIOCS Rout~nesfor LCD Work name
Address
FO5DH
LCDWK1
Bytes
Description
1
The bits of FO5DH have the following meanings. Bit 2: Specifies the selected character font set. O = PC-1600 font 1 = PC-1500 font Bit 3: Specifies whether or flot ta use the character font of the char-acter codes 00H to 1FH. o = The character codes 00H te 1DH and 1FH are pr-ocessed as a space, and 1EH as an insert mark “~j~”. 1 = The character font for the codes 00H to 1FH uses the user-defined character font data that are stored in the memory locations specified by CTRCGA and CTRCGB. Bit 4: Specifies the cursor blinking speed. O Normal speed 1 = Double speed =
.4v.
CRSRX
FO6OH
1
Cursor X coordinate
CRSRY
FO5FH
1
Cursor Y coordinate
CTRCGA
FO6IH (Low byte) F062H (High byte)
2
Starting address of the memory locations which contain the char-acter font data for the char-acter codes 00H to 1 FH (The starting address must be greater than 8000H.)
CTRCGB
F063H
1
Bank number (0 to 7) of the memory locations which contain the character font data for the character codes 00H te 1FH
UPAGGA
F064H (Low byte) F065H (High byte)
2
font data for the character codes 80H te FFH
F066H
1
Bank number (0 to 7) of the memor-y locations which contain the character font data for the character codes BOH to FFH
1
Cursor type 00H = Cursor display OFF 01H = Underline cursor 02H = Blinking square cursor 03H = Blinking space cursor
UPAGGB
F067H
CRSRT
Starting address of the memory locations which contain the char-acter ~ (The starting address must be greater than 8000H.) I
•
~ FO8EH
X1POS
(Low byte) ~ FO8FH ~ (High byte)
~
I
2
~ —..—•••——————
FO9OH
Y1POS
(Low byte) F091H
2 I
(High byte)
~J__________
F092H
X2POS
(Low byte) F093H
1I
2
(High byte) ——
I
F094H
Y2POS
(Low byte) F095H
2
(High byte)
~ ~ I
DOTSOP
F096H
1
00H ==Dot 01H OR or setdot reset 02H = XOR or invert
fors
f OCS Work name
Address
LINPTN
(Low byte) F098H
I..
Bytes
Description
F097H
2
(High byte)
1~ ~ t..
n
F099H (Low byte) FO9AH (High byte)
GCRSRX
Line patter-n
I I
I
2
Graphics cursor X coordinate
2
Graphics cursor Y coordinate
I
FO9BH
GCRSRY
(Low byte) FO9CH (High byte) II
3.1.3 Character Font
I!
The char-acter fonts used in PC-1600 are composed cf 6 by 8 dots each and the char-acter font data are stored in the character generator table in the fallowing far-mat: each 8-dot corumn cf one char-acter font is expressed in one byte and one char-acter font is for-med by arranging six column data (6 bytes) from the left end te the right end of the font. (See the figure below.) LSB
~Ii~
II
Font data in character table
MSB
generator
II
—*~
L
3EH
41H
L
~
49I~4
~ 39H —~
00M Higher address end
t. t’
The PC-1600 has three char-acter generatar- tables: (1) Char-acter- generatcr table for those characters cf codes 20H to 7FH This table is in the main ROM and the fonts of these char-acter-s cannot be changed by the user. (2) Char-acter- generator table for those char-acter-s cf codes 80H to FFH This table is in the main ROM. The user can use differ-ent fonts for these codes by preparing user-defined fonts in RAM and changing the Contents cf UPAGGA and UPAGGB. (3) Char-acter gener-ator- table for those char-acter-s cf codes 00H ta 1 FH
No font data exist in the main ROM. The user- can define his own fonts for these cades: pr-epare user-defined fonts in RAM, change the contents of CTRCGA and CTRCGB, and set bit 3 cf LCDWK1 ta “1”. As described above, the user- can change the char-acter gener-ator tables (2) and (3) ta the user-defined tables prepared in RAM. In this case, since aIl char-acter- fonts cf the codes assigned te each table are ta be changed, the user- must prepar-e font data for aIl cf these codes in RAM.
‘.5(5
fOCS
3~2KEY INPUT 3.2.1 tOCS Routines for Key Input The failowing table lists the names, entry addr-esses and functions cf the IOCS routines for key input. Refer to sectian 10.2 for the key ccdes and the codes handled in the key buffer. Name
Entr-y address
Function
KEYGET
0166H
KEYGETR
0169H
Same function as KEYGET except the routine does net wait for a key input even if the key buffer is empty.
KBUFSET
016CH
Load data inte the key buffer or clear the key buffer-.
BREAKCHK
01 6FH
Read the state cf the BREAK key.
CURUDCHK
0172H
Read the state cf the ~f or
KEYDIRECT
0175H
Scan the keys and read the key cade cf the key that has been pressed when the routine is called.
KEYSTRB
O178H
Scan one row of keys te identify a particular ene of more than one key pressed at the same time.
KEVAUX
01 18H
Specify the key input device (main keyboard or RS-232C).
KEYSTATSET
O17EH
Specify the key repeat function and the key click function.
KEYSTATREAD
0181H
Read the settings cf the key repeat and click functions and the cur-r-ent
OFFCI-IK
0184H
Read the state cf the OFF key.
KEYGETND
0187H
Read the first char-acter in the key buffer without changing the contents of the key buffer.
BREAKRESET
O18AH
Clear the latch cf the BREAK key.
Read cne character from the key buffer-. If the key buffer- is empty, the
routine waits for e key input.
m key.
key input device.
tocs
KEYGET Entry Address
01 66H
Function
Read one char-acter from the key buffer- (64 bytes). If the key buffer (s empty, the routine waits for- a key input. When the auto power--off function (s enabied, if no key input occurs for- about 10 minutes, the power- is automatically turned off. In this state, if the BREAK[ON] key (s pr-essed, the routine is restarted.
Parameter
none
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF
=
Key cade 1: The routine has resulted in a timeaut er-r-ar-. (That is, when this rautine was caiied, the key buffer was empty and no key input occurr-ed within 10 minutes. If this happens, the key wait abort bit (bit 4 of KEYWK2 (FO7AH)) is set ta 1.) 0: Normai ter-minatian
A
=
KEYG ETR
n
EntryAddress
0169H
Function
Same as the KEYGET routine except the routine does not wait far- e key input even if the key buffer is empty
Parameter
nane
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF
=
11f the key buffer- is empty.
KBUFSET Entry Address
O16CH
Function
Clear- the key buffer, then load as many data as specified by A r-egister-, fr-om the memor-y locations whose star-ting address is specified by DE r-egister- into the key buffer-.
While the routine is being executed, the key scan inter-r-upt is disabled.
tocs Parameter
DE A
Starting address cf the memory locations wher-e data are stored Num ber of data to be loaded (1 ~ A ~ 63; If A=O, then the key buffer is clear-ed.)
Return
none
Affected Register
DE
Remarks
Data ta be Icaded te the key buffer- must be within only one bank.
=
BREAKCHK :
~
Entry Address
016FR
Function
Read the state of the BREAK key. if the BREAK key has been pressed, the key buffer is clear-ed.
Parameter
none
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF
=
1: The BREAK key has been pressed. O The BREAK key has not been pressed
t.
CURUDCHK Entry Address
0172H
Function
Check whether- or- net the
Parameter
none
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF
rn ar- [fl key has been pressed.
rn rn rn
O: Neither II nor key has been pressed. 1: The and/or key has been pressed. A = Kind cf the key(s) pressed (If bit 7 is 1, the key has been pressed, and if bit 6 (s 1, the been pressed.)
rn
m key has
focs KEYDORECT Entry
Address
0175H
Read the cade cf the key that has been pr-essed when the routine is called. While
Function
the routine is being executed, the key scan interrupt is disabled. The key buffer (s
aIse cleared. Parameter
none
Return
A
Affected Register
AF
KEYSTRB
Key code (A
=
=
00H if no key has been pr-essed.)
.
Entry Address
0178H
Function
Read the state of the keys corresponding ta the specified key strobe. Thase bits car-responding te the keys pr-essed are read te be 0. While the rcutine is being executed, the key scan interrupt is disabled.
Parameter
A
Return
A = State cf the keys
Affected Register
AF
=
Str-obe number (00H te 08H)
----i
r
r—-
r~i
Strobe 8
ri ri ri ri as
KB5
CTP.L
oN
L__j L__J L_.1 L_.~j Strobe7 Strobe6 Strobe5 Strobe4 Strobe3 Strobe2 Strobel StrobeO
MSB
LSB Key state data O 1
= =
The key bas been pressed. The key bas not been pressed.
focs
KEVAUX Entry Address
O17BH
Function
Specify the key input device (main keybaard or RS-232C).
Parameter
A
=
00H: Main keyboard 02H: RS-232C
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF
Remarks
If RS-232C is seiected as the key input device, KEYGET, KEYGETR and KEYDIRECT routines are executed ta RS-232C.
=
1: Parameter speclfication error
KEYSTATSET Entry Address
O17EH
Function
Specify the key repeat function and the key click function.
Parameter
A
=
Functian A : bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit O Don’t care
Ail keys are allowed ta be repeated Keys other than special keys are allowed ta be repeated Key repeat ON Only the cursor keys are allowed ta be repeated Key clicking ON Key clicking OFF
= = = = = =
1 O 1 O 1 O
____________ __________________
Return
none
Affected Register
none
Remarks
The special keys described in “Par-ameter” are: CTRL, SHIFT, SML, keys, KBU, RCL, MODE, ON, and OFF.
~, functicn
tocs
KEYSTATREAD Entry Address
0181H
Function
Read the settings cf the key repeat and click functions and the cur-rent key input device.
Parameter
none
Return
A
=
Settings cf the functions A: bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit O uncertain Main keyboard = RS-232C = Ail keys are allowed ta be repeated = Keys other than special keys are allowed ta be repeated = Key repeat ON = Only the cursor keys are allawed ta be repeated = Key clicking ON = Key clicking OFF
O 1 1 O 1 O 1 O
_________
0
_______________________ ______________________________
Affected Reg ister
AF
Remarks
The special keys descr(bed in “Return” are: CTRL, SHIFT, function keys, KBII, RCL, MODE, SML, ~, ON, and OFF.
OFFCHK Entry Address
0184H
Function
Read the state cf the OFF key.
Parameter
none
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF
=
0: The OFF key has not been pr-essed. 1: The OFF key has been pressed.
KEYGETND Entry Address
0187H
Function
Read one byte cf key cade fr-om the beginning of the key buffer- without changing the contents cf the key buffer.
•~tfr
~i.
tocs
Parameter
none
Return
CF
Affected Register
none
=
O: A key cade was read. A Key code 1: The key buffer- was empty.
BREAKRESET Entry Address
018A1-I
Function
Whether cr- net the BREAK key has been pressed can be known by checking the state cf bit 1 cf the contents cf the I/O address 1BH: if bit 1 (s “0”, the BREAK key has nat been pr-essed, and if bit lis “1”, the BREAK key has been pressed. This routine resets the ccntent cf that bit. The key buffer- is clear-ed when the routine (s called.
Parameter
none
Return
none
Affected Register
AF
(‘c
iocs
3.2.2 Work Area used for tOCS Routines for Key Input The following table shcws the wcr-k area map for key input.
t:
Contents
Address
t, t t.
F079H
Key function flag Bit 0: Disable the key scan interrupt. Bit 1: Enabie the key clicking. Bit 2: Key repeat Bit 3: Range of keys to be repeated 0: AIl keys other- than the special keys 1: AIl keys including the special keys Bit 4: Delay before starting the key repeat 0: Long 1: Short Bit 5: Conditions for key repeat O: If the same key code is generated consecutively, only cne key code is accepted into the key buffer. 1: Even the same key code is repeated. Bit 6: Repeat pitch 0: Slow 1: Fast Bit 7: Disable the key code conversion upcn execution of the KEYGET ‘r-butine.
FO7BH
Key function flag Bit 1: Disable the auto power-off function. Bit 2: Disabie the OFF key.
FO7FH
Key buffer write pointer This pointer specifies the position in the key buffer to which the next key data is to be written. if
I. .11:
I~.
I
the key buffer- is full, MSB is set te “1”. FO8OH
Key buffer read pointer This pointer- specifies the position in the key buffer frcm which the next key data is te be read. If the read pointer has the same value as the write pointer, this means ther-e is no data ta be read.
F083H
Key code last r-eturned
F084H
Bank nurnber of the key code conversion table for SHIFT made
F085H FO8SH
Address of the key code conversion table for SHIFT mode This specifies the star-ting address cf the key code conversion table used in the SH1FT mode upcn execution cf the KEYGET routine.
F087H
Bank number of the key code conversion table for KBII mode
•
—
F088H F089H
•
Address of the key code conversion table for KBII mode This specifies the starting address of the key code conversion table used in the ~ mode upon execution ofthe KEYGET routine.
FO8AH
Bank number of the key code conversion table for SHIFT-KBII mode
FO8BH FO8CH
Address 0f the key code conversion table for SHIFT-KBII mode Th(s specifies the starting address of the key code ccnvers(on table used in the SHlFT-f~Jmode I
FODFH —FilER F11FH
F12OH
upon executien of the KEYGET routine. Key buffer Bank number of the key code table
1 Address ofthe key code table
This specifies the starting address of the key matrix to key code conversion table used in the key scan rcutine.
37
tocs
3~23Scanning of ON (BREAK) Key Whether- or net the BREAK key has been pressed can be known by checking the state cf bit 1 cf the contents cf the i/O address 1BH: if bit lis “O”, the BREAK key has nat been pr-essed, and if bit lis “1”, the BREAK key has been pressed. This state cf bit 1 is Iatched. To reset it, execute BREAKRESET routine (entry addr-ess O18AH). The key buffer is cleared when the routine (s executed.
3.2.4 Entry 0f International Characters and Symbots When the KBII and/ar- SHIFT symbol is on, executicn of KEYGET ar- KEYGETR key input IOCS rcutine allcws ta enter the international char-acter-s and symbais.
3.2.5 Data Ftow from Key Scanning to KEYGET Routine (1) 1/64-sec interrupt handiing routine
Key matrix
Key code conversion table
J
Key code
C
Key buffer~)
(2) KEYGET routine
Reference af status une symbols Normal
Key data are made as described above. The key code table and the other tables are assigned by specifying the starting address cf each table in RAM with a pointer-. Therefare, the user can make his own key layout by changing the cantents cf these pointer-s so as ta point the user-defined tables. (See also section 3.2.6.)
tocs
3.2.6 Re-definition of Keys (1) Key tables The PC-1600 has four- kinds cf standard key tables in ROM. Since the PC-1600 uses these tables by specifying the starting address of each table with e pointer, the user can use his cwn tables by changing the contents cf these pointer-s.
Pointer Table
Function Name
Address
(in Size bytes) I
Contents
r
I Starting address cf the key
Key code table
Convert key matrix to key code. ~
KEYCDA
F12OH
KEYCDB
F11FH
I
SHIFT code table
Convert key code te SHIFT code.
SFTCDA
F084H
SFTCDB
F086H
2
~‘
Banknumberofthekey code table
2
Starting address SHIFT code table (in the order 0f the low and the high bytes)
1
Bank number of the SHIFT code table
2
codetable(intheorder-of the Iow and the high bytes)
-I~ n
I n
KNCD1A KBII code table
Convert key code te KBU code.
I
F087H
I
n
~KNCD1B
~
F089H
1
n
Star-ting address cf the KBII
Bank number cf the KB]I
code table Starting address ofthe
I
SHIFT-KBII code table
codetable(intheorderof ~the Iow and the high bytes)
KNCD2A
FO8AH
KNCD2B
F089H
•
Convert keycode. code to SHIFT-KB]1 ~
2
SHIFT-KBU code table (in the order- of the Iow and the high bytes) Banknumber-ofthe5HlFTKBII code table
(2) Structure of key table The structure cf each table is shown in the following source program Iist. Te make e user--defined table, use the same structure as that of these standard tables prcvided in ROM. The label names used in the source progr-am list are related te the tables as follows:
Table Key code table
Label name n
KYCDTB
SHIFT code table
SFTCDT
KBU code table
KNCDT1
SHIFT-KBU code table
KNCDT2
Each table must be made within one bank.
on
tocs ‘n
KYCDT~ FE37
n
I’
IJEFE1
Qil~-I
!JEFB DEFIJ DEFE1
03H 041-i 05H
IJEFB IJEFB EIEFE1 IJEFE1 IJEFB
DEFI3
331-I 36H
3
39H 47H 14H
9
DEFB
02H
DEFB DEFE1 LIEFE1 DEFB
52H 5~H 20H
DEFB EIEFB
~3EFB IJEFEi EIEFEi IJEFB EIEFD EIEFB
43H 19H
DEF}3 t3EFB
~:9H ‘ICH
DEFEi
IFH
DEFB
IJEFEi DEFB
1JEFB DEFB DEFB
IJEFE1 IJEFB DEFEC
DEFB tIEFIEI IJEFEI DEFB EIEFB
riqht
~srn~i1 k~y
;F3 ; sri~e PA4 / ;
-‘TSH
.
F’A3
F:$
~C rcl ;L
~O
4BH i~,î-f 49H 28H ØDH
31H 341-1 371-l 4Ç~H
;cur’sor ~rnodE ~c1
c~.ui”~or’1c~ft 5P
46H 13H
2BH 2f~H 2FH 44H 12H
IJEFB
F~5
3DH 0E3~1 SØH
do~-~ru
; def
SAH
DEFB
~cur’osr’ F~
ØCH 1FH
1EIH 41H 1BH ~51H
tIEFE1
;F4 T
54H 42H OAH
IJEFB IJEFB DEFB
DEFE1
DEFB
;E~5 r-t-t,
IJEFB EIEFE1 tJEFB
~n.
; ct r’ 1
1< ;F6 I ; enter
: FA2
;
1
;7 ~J
15H 4t1H 30H
SSH
O
---—PAl DEFE1 1TEFE3 n.
IJEFB
IJEFB DEFB
3EH ØFH
DEFB
53H 11H 57H
DEFS
51311 09H
tIEFEI
DEFEI DEFB DEFB
32H
DEFEI DEFI3 DEFB DEFB
48H 01H 59H 4EH
DEF8
F1
W X ; rot~y PAØ
k
———-
35H
38H
08H
;shi4t cLir’o~or up
focs ~FTCtlT: ——
IJEFB DEFB DEFB
DEFB DEFE3
DEFEI DEFEi DEFB IJEFB DEFEI DEFB EIEFEi EIEFB
DEF8 DEFI3
DEFB
•
;cursel ;rot~ry
ØAH
;
08H 1CR
; cursor
f~11JH 0EI~ ØFH
; 10H
0 21H 22H 23H 24H 25H 26H 0
enter
ON ~c:~FF ——
~r,o key ;F1 ; F2 ; F3 ; F4 ; F5 -
;ruo k~y ; CL
O
18H
~FCL ;no key ;EIEF ~no k~y
DEFB
0
;no kev
DEFEI
1FR
DEFB
EIEFB JJEFEI
JJEFB EIEFEI EIEFEI DEFB
DEFB DEFEI
O
;no kev 201—I
5EH 0 O 0 0 0 0
MODE
— -—
n o k ~v ;no k~tZi ~no ke~.’ ;no key ;
;no k~v ;no k~i
0 3CR 3EH
;
3AH 3EiH
rio k t~
H-
0
; no
2CH
;/
DEFI3
7CH
;0
DEFEI DEFB
5DH
DEF8 DEFB DEFB EIEFB IJEFB IJEFB IJEFB EIEFB DEFB DEFB
7IJH SCH 7EH 39H 0 O O 40H 0 0
DEFB
0 61H
DEFB
DEFEi DEFEI LIEFB DEFEI
EIEFB DEFE1 DEFB DEFEI DEFEI
DEFB DEFEI DEFB DEFE
DEFS DEFB
801-i 781-1
~4 ; 6
no k~v
;no ke’
;no k~ïy
40H
62H 63H 64H
ÔSH 66H 67H 68H 691-1 6AH
68H 6CH 68H
6EH 6FH
~v
—
5FR 3FR
DEFB IJEFJ3
. •
left
cur’osor
~ cursc,r
1AH 19l~ 0
DEF 8 DEFB DEFB ElEFEl DEFI3
-
1IJH
key code~
tlEFB EIEFEI EIEFB DEFEI IJEFEI
DEFEI
•
;shiFt 08H
no key ;no ke~’
;rio key
down Lf~
ï’
ight
‘t tocs DEFB DEFB DEFB DEFB DEFB DEFB DEFB
n
EIEFB
DEFB DEFB DEFB
SOI-4
70H
71H 7211 73H 74H 75H 76H 77H 78H 79H 7AH
;R ;S
; X
g NCDT1:
;
~.
03H EIEF8 DEFB
08H 09H
tIEFB
ØCH
tIEFB DEFB DEFB
•
;cur~o1 1~t ;rot~ry
ØAH 08H
curosor down ; cur~er up
ØDH
;enter
; cursor
DEFB DEFEI
ØEH ØFH
DEFEI DEF8
DEFB
DEFB
0 11H 12H 13H
~no key ;F1 ;F2 ;F3
DEFB DEFB DEFB DEFB
141-4 15H 16H 0
;F6
DEFB tIEFB
0 18H
10H
——
F5 ;no key CL ; RCL
DEFB DEFB DEFB DEFB
0 0 0 1FH
; no ke~y ~no kev ~no key ; MODE
DEFB
20H
DEFEI DEF8 DEFEI DEFB
0 0 0 O
DEFB
t’EFB DEFB tIEFEi DEFB DEF}3 DEFB DEFEI DEFF3 DEFB DEFF3
DEFB
~no key ;DEF
20H
——
spac~ ~no k~y :
O
;no ;no ;nçj ;no ;no ;no
0 O O9EH ø9Fl-1 2AH :281-I 0 28H 2Ell 2FH
;
(
key key
içey
ke~~’ k?v kev
;rio key —
30H
/ ——
tIEFEI DEFB DEFB DEF8 DEFD
301-i 31H 32H 33H 34H 35H 36H 37H 381-1
DEFB DEFEI DEFB
39H 0 0
9 ;no k~y ;no kc~v
DEFB DEFB DEFEI DEFB
0 3DH 0 0
;na keS,
DEFB DEFI3
DEFB
ri ght
~ON ~OFF
18H Ø8BH
DEFB DEFB
n
——
•
; 1
;7
;no key :n~ key
‘WIH
DEFB
DEFB
0 ~iAØF•i 097H 0381-1 ØÂ1H 08131-l ØA2H OA3H ØAIJH ØBFH ØASH 046H ØA7H Ø9EïH Ø9CH
DEFB
ØAEH
DEFEI DEFB DEFEI
0801-1 ØSEH 099H
DEFB L1EFB
092H
DEFE{ LIEFEI DEFEI DEFIJ
L~.n
DEFI3
DEFEi
DEFB DEFB LIEFE{ DEFS DEFB DEFB
W W t:
DEFB
t
W
——--
DEFEI
DEFEI DEFEi
t:
t
LIEFB DEFB DEFB
C ; D E (3 H ; I J
SØH
090H Ø9AH ~lj
095H 089H ØBÀH 098H ØOSH
Z
~NCDT2:
;shift ——
t’ •
IJEFB DEFB
1JJH 09H
DEFB
ØEIH ØEI-i
LIEFB DEFB DEFB
j:
DEFB DEFB
W: t’
DEFB DEFB EIEFB DEFB
;cur~o1 ; rot ary 1E~+t ; curo~ior’ dov~n ; cursor’ Lip
ØÀH 08H 1CR ØFH
;cur~or right 10H
;enter ; ON ; OFF
;no key
DEFB
23H 24H 25H
;F3 ;F4 ~F5
DEFB
26H
DEFEI DEFB DEFD
19H 0 181-4
LIEFB DEFE4 DEFB
21H 22H
1
2
~ ->
Ecs2~
E
C)~C
0)
E
E
E
E
E
o
E
o
(I)
C
.8
e
O
~‘ Q
Q.
Q. 5’ C)
2
Q.
(s C,
o,
n,
‘5 Q
0k
(s
ii.~ i~ (s
~
C
(s.Q~
X
(s)5~0
~
~—°
~
C
on,
X
XXXI Q — (N oooc~ e...
.0.50
~2ot
~n O (s
u-
E o
W
e
—o
c-4
Q r-. ‘Q
u, .5) C-)
—
(N
O LL Q W
~
E
0 t o )n(flQ (s
QQ o Q
(s Q
~ .8 ~
8 ~E
.9
E
0
o
e-
u-
Q ~
C) .8 0~0
0 (~)
O
u
e a~I
.0 U
O (N
.5
Q Q
e
0
~.~
5)
e .0
— (s
~
e.
ii~
e
e
ce
•
e
tocs
Recording format MODE 1
MODE 2
01H
00H
Machine language program
(a)
02H
01K
BASIC program (intermediate code format)
(e)
02H
02H
RESERVE contents (internai code format)
(a)
04H
04H
BASIC program (ASCII format)
(b)
04H
04H
08H
04H
File type
~.
~ format cf a file”.)
Data (ASCII format)
f
Data (special format)
F
(b) (c)
(3) Data block structure (See item (1) above.) (e) BASIC pregram (intermediate-coded), Machine language program, RESERVE contents Program data
WH
n bytes
=
Data aise
H
(b) BASIC program (ASCII saved), Data (ASCII format)
(c)
e ASCII data are hàndled in: blacks cf 256 bytes. e The end of e file is detected when an EOF cade (1AH) is enceuntered. e If the last black (the biock that includes an EOF code) is less than 256 bytes, meeningless data are automatically added et the end cf the data (the part indicated by * in the above figure) ta make it as e complete 256-byte block. Data (Special for-mat) • Status part The status part ccnsists of 5 bytes and hes the fallowing structure.
tocs
r a
b
c
d
bit7
b(tO
Number of characters )(n bytes) in the array elements 1 [ o Numericarray array 88H
~
J e String
...
...
J
J
Number 0f bytes in the Number oftwo-d(mensiona( array e)ements minus 1 (This (s 00(4 for one-d(mensional array variables or non-array variables.) Number ofor,e-dimensional array elements minus 1
array etements (50(4 max.) 1 ... Numer)c O ... String
(Thia is 00(4 for non-array variables.)
~-
.Date size of one srray element plus 3
Value of e, b, c, and d (hex)
Variable type
Data~size(bytes)
88
Numeric data (e.g., A, B)
8
00
10
String data (e.g., A$, B$)
16
19
00
88
@ (*)
208
O1A3
19
00
10
@$(*)
416
a
b
c
88
Numeric array
c
d
String array
a
b
c
d
000B
00
00
0013
00
OOD3
a
L
b
(b+1)~(C+1)~8
L
(b+1)~(C+1).~d
• Date part The data part contains the contents of one element of en ar-ray variable in the internai code format (see section 4.1.3).
[21 Cassette tape physical format (1) Bit structure One bit (SHORT...expr-esses the value “0”; LONG
...
expresses the value “1”) ccnsists cf the
follawing pulses. Pulse width (~.ts)
I 9fl
e
163
b
164
C
409
d
409
tOCS ~Thesepulse widths are the default values. They can be changed by changing the contents cf the cassette tape work area. (See section 3.11.3 for details.) (2) Header structure
Checksum (2 bytes)
(3) Data block structure
Checksum (2 bytes)
~ln the double write mode, the following contents are added at the position indicated by V. In principle, however-, the PC-1600 does net use the double write mode. I
SHORT (256 bits)
J
Data (header or data
block)
H
J
L
Checksum bytes)
(2
(4) Byte structure LONG (lb)t)
b(t 7
6
5
4
3
1
2
1
bit 0
byte
(5) Checksum structure The checksum (s the value et the lewer 2 bytes of the sum of ail LONG bits appearing in the data excluding the first LONG bit at the beginning cf each byte within the header or data block.
.4
n-4
tocs 3.11.2 PC-1500/PC-1500A Mode (Mode 1) [1] Cassette tape Iogic& format (1) Recording format cf a file (a) BASIC program, Machine language pregram, RESERVE contents V I
Leader
GAP (1) (260 ma)
Header
(8.01 sec.)
(b) Data Leader (8.01 sec.)
J
Header
Data black
GAP (1) (1026 ma)
J
Data 1 statue
GAP (1) (252 ms)
J~
Data 1
j
GAP (1) (1026 ms)
Data 2 status
*y: The cassette tape stops. V: The cassette tape starts.
e: Leader/GAP is Stop bit “1”. (see Bit structure) (2) Header structure 000000
0000000000 789ABCDEF
1111111111111111 012345 ~0 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 0
-~
H_[H
H
H
H
H
H
HIHILIHILIHIL
File name • Left-justified SA space, if any, ta filled with 00H codes. e If a file name is omitted, the area is filled with 00H codes.
Machine language program ...
Execution start address after loaded. (Ifthia is FFFFH, no execution address is asaumed.) • Otherthan machine language program ... 0000(4
f File mode I
• 00H: Machine language
• Data file ... 0000H • Other than data file ... Data size (bytes) minus 1
• 01H: BASIC program • 02H: RESERVE contents • 04(4: Data
• Machine language program address
...
Load start
• Otherthan machine language program undefined
1
A
0
1 1
111 111 234567
H
HH
(4H
Continue
HH
Header Mark
4 bit Data
I ‘V)
f
t~Çy
(3) Data block structure (See item (1) above.) (e) BASIC program, Machine language program, RESERVE contents
n bytes
=
Data sise
(b) Data • Status part The status part censists cf 5 bytes and has the following structure.
r
b
c
d bit7
• String array ...
Number 0f characters (in bytes) in the array elements • Numeric array ... 88H
~
Number 0ftwo-dimensiorjal array elements minus 1 )This la 00H for one-dimensional array variables or non-array variables.) Number
~I[J J I I II J tf
r’Jumber of bytes in the array elements I. 150H max.)
of one-dimensional array elementa minus 1
(This is 00H for non-array variables.)
bitO
1 O
... ...
Numeric String
~{ Data size of one array element plus 3) Value cf e, b, c, and d (hex) e
J
bi
c
d
Variable type
Data size (bytes)
000B
00
00
88
Numeric data (e.g., A, B)
8
0013
00
00
10
String data (e.g., A$, B$)
16
00D3
19
00
88
@ (~)
01A3
19
00
10
@$(~~)
e
b
c
88
a
b
c
d
f
Numeric array
String
208 416 (b+1)~(C+1)*8
(b+1)*(C+1)*d
e Date part The date part centains the contents cf one element cf an arr-av variable in the internaI code for-mat. (For details cf the internaI cade format, see section 4.1.3.ln section 4.1.3, it (s explained that the MSB cf the string starting addr-ess (s inverted. However, this does net apply here.)
I 9’~
tocs [2] Cassette tape physical format (1) Bit structure One bit (value “0” or- “1”) censists cfthefollowing pulses.
(2.54 kHz)
0:
I
L
11.27 kHz)
(2) Byte structure I
bit
bit 7
II
bit 6
II
I
I
bit 5 jJ bit jJ
IStop bit “l’
I
J
I~tartI I bit jI bit3 ~
bit 2
bit 1
I
bit 0
I
I
I
J
Stopbit”1’
[start~
(3) Header structure Leader (8.01 sec.l
IJ
Jj
Header
Jj
Checkaum Space
•
1260 ms for data file 260 mc for otherthan data file
J
j
Data
The checksum lathe value 0f the Iower 2 bytes of the sum of ail ~ bytes appearing in the data excluding the first digit 0f the headér (code AH).
(4) Data black structure (e) BASIC program, Machine language pr-ogr-em, RESERVE contents
J
80 bytes of data
J J Check-j sum
LLower
80 bytes of data
0f data
‘Check-’ sum
) ~
j
~st data biock
J
Check..I sum j
J
Space (262 ms)
55H
—*~FiIeEnd Code
Lower 2 bytes 0f the sum 0f aIl 80 bytes 0f data 0f tha L,,last data block (If the last data block is less than 80 bytes, the checksum is calculated to that number 0f data bytes.)
2 bytes 0f the sum 0f aIl 80bytes
(b) Data
I 9,1
tocs 3.11.3 Work Area used for Cassette Tape Recorder Address
Name
SHORT HIGH
SHORT LOW
Contents
F197H
• Specify the “high” period of the SHORT (0) pulse in the PC-1600 mode. e The default is 30. J11T1[ (See note 1)
F198H
• Speci~the “low” period of the SHORT (0) pulse in the PC-1600 mode. J e The default is 23. }iiiiiif (See note 1) ~ ~
j e Specify the “high”,period of the LONG (1) pulse in the PC-1600
LONG HIGH
F199H
mode. • The default is 79.
(See note 1)
• Specify the “iow” period cf the LONG(1) puise in the PC-1600 mode. • The defauit is 71. (See note 1)
LONG LOW
F19AH
CHECK SUM
F19B—’CH
INFORMATION LEADER
F19DH
• Specify the Iength cf the leader (no signal) part cf the header. •: The default (s 80. (See note 2)
INFORMATION TRAILER
F19EH
• Specify the Iength cf the trailer (no signal) part cf the header. • The default is 20. (See note 2)
INFORMATION SHORT 1
F19F—AOH
INFORMATION LONG 1
FiAi H
INFORMATION SHORT 2.
F1A2H
DATA SHORT 1
F1A3.—.4H
DATA LONG 1
F1A5H
• A data block gap parameter which specifies the number cf continucus LONG pulses for the first time. • The default is 20.
DATA SHORT 2
F1A6H
• A data biock gap parameter which specifies the number- cf continuous SHORT pulses for the second time. • The default (s 20.
DATA TRAILER
F1A7H
e Checksum calculation register-
A header gap parameter which specifies the number cf continuous SHORT pulses for the first time. e The default (s 10000. e
• A header gap parameter which specifies the number cf continuous LONG pulses for the first time. e The default is 40.
A header gap parameter which specifies the number of continuous SHORT pulses for the second time. • The default is 40. e
• A data block gap parameter which specifies the number cf continucus SHORT pulses for the first time.
• The default is 11000.
f
RPOINT
J
• Specify the length cf the traiier (no signal) part cf a data block. •
The default is 40.
(See note 2) Specifythe threshold level to be used for judgment whether e bit data read is e LONG or a SHORT pulse. If the bit data (s less than this threshold level, (t is judged as a SHORT pulse. • The default is 22. e
F1A8H
j9Ç
tocs 3.11.3 Work Area used for Cassette Tape Recorder Name
Address
Contents e Specify the “high”
SHORT HIGH
F197H
SHORT LOW
F198H
period cf the SHORT (0) pulse in the PC-1600
mode. (See note 1)
• The default is 30.
Specify the “low” period of the SHORT (0) pulse in the PC-1600 mode. e The default (s 23. (See note 1) e
Specify the “high” period cf the LONG (1) pulse in the PC-1600 mode. e The default is 79. (See note i) e
LONG HIGH
Fi 99K
LONG LOW
F19AH
J.
e
Specify the “low” period cf the LONG(1) pulsé in the PC-1600
e
The default is 71. mode. (See note 1)
CHECK SUM
F19B—CH
• Checksum calculation register
INFORMATION LEADER
F19DH
INFORMATION TRAILER
F19EH
INFORMATION SHORT 1
Fi9F’—AOH
• A header gap parameter which specifies the number cf continucus SHORT pulses for the first time. e The default (s 10000.
INFORMATION LONG 1
F1A1H
e A header gap parameter which specifies the number of continuous LONG puises for the first time. • The default (s 40.
INFORMATION SHORT 2
F1A2H
• A header gap paremeter which specifies the number cf continuous SHORT pulses for the second time. e The default (s 40.
Specify the Iength cf the leader (no signal) part cf the header. • The default (s 80. (See note 2) • Specify the Iength cf the trailer (no signal) part cf the header. • The default (s 20. (See note 2) e
.
DATA SHORT 1
F1A3—’4H
A data block gap parameter which specifies the number cf continucus SHORT pulses for the first time. • The default (s 11000.
DATA LONG 1
F1A5H
• A data black gap parameter- which specifies the number- cf continuous LONG pulses for the first time. e The default (s 20.
DATA SHORT 2
F1A6H
A data block gap parameter which specifies the number cf cont(nucus SHORT pulses for the second time. e The default is 20.
DATA TRAILER
F1A7H
e
e
length cf the trailer (no signal) part cf a data block. • The default (s 40. (See note 2) e Specify the
to be used for judgment whether a bit data read (s e LONG or a SHORT pulse. If the bit data is less than this threshold level, it (s judgeci as a SHORT pulse. • The defeult is 22. e Specifythe threshold Ievel
RPOINT
F1A8H
125
tocs ç 3.12 MEMORY ~.12.1Silots and Memory Modtiles
Banko
euuL.
Bankl Si ~
Bank2
Bank3
_~_—S2------.~~
rnnr Main memory
SIot 1 (Si)is allocsted to the memory locations 0f 8000H to BFFFH 0f bank O and 8000(4 to BFFFH 0f bank 1.
FFFF Slot 2 (S2) is allocated to the memory locations of 8000H to BFFFH of bank 2 and 8000H to BFFFH 0f bank 3. Each module uses a part 0f or the entire memory locations allocated to that siot as shown in the figures. Those memory Içcations ofthe shaded part are flot used. Note: Even when a memory modulais installed in 51 or S2, if if is used as an extension memory, it is referred toas SO.
These modulas can be installed onlyinslotl (51).
euuI, CE-181 These modules
can be installed in aither dot 1 (Si) orslot2 )S2).
BFFF 8000. CE-1600M BFFJ
I f~
7
tocs 3.12.2 Work Area used for Memory (1) Wdr-k area used te specify the order in which e BASIC pregram (s loaded into banks.
Contents
Name
Address
SOMTb
FO2AH
First bank cf SO
S1MTb
FO16H
First bankofthe program module in Si
S1MBb
F018H
Lest bank cf the program module in Si
S2MTb
FO2OH
Fîrst bank cf the program module (n S2
S2MBb
F022H
Last bank of the program module in S2
Name
Address
ADTBL+1
F1D6H
ADTBL+2
F1D7H
ADTBL+3
Fi 08H
ADTBL+4
F1D9H
ADTBL+5
F1DAH
The bank information is stored in bits 4 and 5 of each ofADTBL+1 to ADTBL+5. If the value of bits 4 and 5 is 00H, this means “unused”. (Example) 01H Indicate bank 0. 32H Indicate bank 3. 00H unused If SOMTb, Si MTb or S2MTb conta(ns e value between 1 te 5, the bank information is stored in the memery locations star-ting from ADTBL plus that value. For instance, if the value (s 5, the bank information is in locations starting from ADTBL+5. If the value is other than 1 ta 5, this means “un used”. Example 1: When installing CE-159 in Si and CE-1600M in S2 and using them as an extension memor-y ... ...
...
BankO
Bankl
Bank2
Bank3
~5i~~-S2~
E~EE~j~~” CE-159
Main memory FFFF
4 nt~
CE-1600M
SOMTb S1MTb S1MBb S2MTb S2MBb
03K The bank information is in the locations from ADTBL+3. FEH Si is flot used as a program module. ? J (lt is used scan extension memory.) FEH )~S2 is not used asa program module. ? J (It is used asan extension memory.)
ADTBL+1 ADTBL+2 ADTBL+3 ADTBL+4 ADTBL+5
00H 00(4 01M 22H 32(4
Unused Unused BankO Bank2 Bank3
In this example, theprogram is loaded into bank O, bank 2,bank 3 and the main memory in that order.
Bankl
Bank O
Bank2
Bank3
A000 r.nnr
L -
FFFF
Example 2: When installing CE-1600M (n module
BankO
Si
Bankl
and CE-161 in S2 and
Bank2
SOMTb S1MTb S1MBb S2MTb S2MBb
05(4
~ J
S2 is ADTBL+4.
ADTBL+i ADTBL+2 ADTBL+3 ADTBL+4 ADTBL+5
0011 B1H 11H A2H 00H
Unused BankO Bankl Bank2 (Jnused
BankO
Bank3
SO is from ADTBL+5.
~ } Si Is from ADTBL+2 to ADTBL-l-3.
Bankl
Bank2
I
Bank3
32 program loading order 1 program loading order
FFFF
using
‘SO program loading order
.4
them as an program
tocs 3.12.3 ROCS Routines for Memory Contr& This section describes the IOCS routines te be used for memory central. The table below Iists the names, entr-y addr-esses, and functions cf these routines. Name
Entry address
Function
MEMORYCHK
01 80K
Check whether or not memory exists et a specified location (bank and
BAN KSET
0190H
Change the bank of e specified page.
BAN KREAD
0i93H
Read the bank number cf a specified page.
SLOT1MAP
0196K
Setthe mapping cf slot 1.
SLOT2MAP
0199K
Set the mapping cf slot 2.
BANKJUMP
O19CH
Inter-bank jump
BANKCALL
Oi9FH
lnter-bank calI
BANKCALL2
0020H
lnter-bank calI using RST 20H
~6e. ~
Ou~i~ (~,P Li~ ~‘,(~)
cl
e~L L~!~~ iY.-~r
por
(~,f-
Lb
~I~)
A t’.
-~
L
-~
c~ALl—
ç)
Lt~.
~1On
MEMORYCHK Entry Address
O18DH
Function
Check whether or net memer-y exists at a specified location (bank and addr-ess).
Parameter
D = Bank number (00H ta 07M) E = Address: Upper 5 bits (40H te B8H) The other bits are aIl “0”.
Return
CF CF
Affected Register
= =
1 : No memery ex(sts et the specif(ed location. O : Bit O of A r-egister = 1 Bit 1 cf A register = 1 O
Memory exists.
The memory is ROM. The memory is RAM.
AF
BANKSET Entry Address
0190H
Function
Change the bank number of the page spec(fied by B register to the new bank number specified by A register.
Parameter
B A
= =
Return
CF
Affected Register
AF
=
Page number (01H ta 03H) Bank number (00H ta 07F-4) 1 : An (nvalid page number was specified.
Bank No.
Address
o
Page No. 2
3
1 ~1
tocs BANKREAD Entry Address
0193H
Function
Read the banknumber cf the page specif(ed by B register.
Parameter
B
=
Page number (01K te 03H)
Return
A
=
Bank number (00H to 07H)
Affected Register
AF, B Bank No. Address
Page No.
0
1
0000M
—
—
4UU1JII
—
—
snnn
—
—
r.nnnl.
—
—
2
3
4
6
2
3
SLOT1 MAP Entry Address
0196H
Function
Spec(fy ta which bank and page the Iast half 16 KB of slot 1 (s mapped.
Parameter
A A
00H : The lest half 16 KB of slot 1 (s mapped ta bank 1, page 2. 01H The last half 16 KB of•slat 1 is mapped ta bank 1, page 2 and bank 1, page 1. The fallowing shows the mapping diagrams of the above two cases. In the diagram, “a” and “f3” represent the fir-st half 16 KB and the last half 16 KB cf slct 1, respectively. =
=
O A=O
Page
O 1 2
e
3
Bank 1 2
3
o A=i Page
i 2
5
6
7
Address 0000(4
~H. ~L~._I
[._1
8000H C000H
Bank ~
4
234
6
7
Address 0000H 4000(4 8000H C000H
3
Return
none
Affected Register
AF
tOCS SLOT2MAP Entry Address
01 99H
Function
Specify ta which banks and pages the first half 16 KB and the last half 16 KB cf slot 1 are mapped.
Parameter
A = 00M
The fir-st half 16 KB cf slot 2 is mapped ta bank 2, page 2, and the last half 16 KB is mapped ta bank 3, page 2. A = 01H : The first half 16 KB of slot 2 (s also mapped te barik 1, page O. = 02H : The first half 16 KB cf slot 2 is mapped ta bank 1, page 1, and the Iast half 16 KB (s mapped te bank 1, page 0. However, if bank 1, page 1 (s used for slot 1, the first half 16 KB of slot 2 is flot mapped te that location. The following shows the mapping diagrams cf the above three cases. In the diagram, “ix” and “13” represent the first half 16 KB and the~iasthalf 16 KB of slot 2, respectively.
Bank i
o I
I—
O’ A=OOH Page
~
I
Page
01 1
4
5
6
2
C000H
3
4
5
6
e
o
8000H
I—
C000H
e 2
If bank 1, page lis used for slot 1 Bartk 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Address
0000K
~ e
—i 4000H 8000H
o Page
i 2
C000H
none
Affected Register
AF
0000K
~ e
4000M 8000K C000H
3
Return
7 Address 0000(4 4000(4
If bank 1, page lis flot used for dot 1 Bank 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Address
A = 02H
Address
7
8000H e
2 3
Page
3
L-.
21I—. 3 Bank 0 i
A=O1H
2
__________________ 0000H
tocs
BANKJUMP Entry Address
019CM
Function
Jump te an address (specified by HL’ register-) cf a bank (specif(ed byA’ register).
Parameter
A’ HL’
= =
Bank number Address
Return
Control does net retur-n because this is a jump operation.
Affected Register
AF’, BC’, DE’, HL’
BANKCALL Entry Address
O19FH
Function
CalI an addr-ess (specif(ed by HL’ register) cf e bank (specified by A’ register-).
Parameter
A’ HL’
= =
Bank number Address
Return
none
Affected Register
AF’, BC’, DE’, HL’
BANKCALL2 Entry Address
20H (To call this routine, use the format: RST 20H.)
Function
Same as BANKCALL routine except for the call format
Parameter
Write 3 bytes cf data (bank number and address) immediately after the RST 20H instruction.
Low byte
E7H RST2OH
Banknumber (0—7)
I ‘3A
High byte Ad~ess
3.13 MEMORY MODULE 3.13.1 Location of Memory ModLile A memory module is a ROM or RAM module cf a minimum cf 4 KB and is used by setting it in slot 1 or 2. The following describes the relationship between the memory capacities, the slot numbers, and the memory locations. Bank
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(1) Memory module of 16 KB or less e SIot 1: The memory module (s mapped te location A. e SIot 2: The memery module is mapped ta location C.
(2) Memory module cf 32 KB e Slot 1: The memory module is mapped te locations A and B. e SIot 2: The memory module is mapped te locations C and D.
(3) Memory module cf 48 KB or- more e SIot 1: Cannot be used. e SIot 2: The 32 KB part cf the memor-y module (s màpped ta locations C and D, and the r-est of the memory module can be mapped to locations C and D through the bank switching.
3.13.2 Type of Memory Modu’e The memory modules are classified inte four- types depending on how they are used. (1) Extension module (RAM module only) This madule is used to extend the main memory. (2) Program medule (ROM or RAM module) This module is used te store e program. (3) File module (ROM or RAM module) This module is used te save and load data, like e disk unit. (4) System software module (ROM or RAM module) This module (s used ta store a machine language program that can be automatically runat power-on time. The type cf memary module is identified by the header- data (the f(rst 8 bytes cf the module). If it is e ROM module, (t cannat be used as a d(fferent type cf module (e.g., a ROM progr-am module can be used enly as the progr-am module,) however, e RAM module can be used as a different type of module by spec(fying (t by a BASIC command. For any type cf module, enly one header is placed in location A or- C (see the figure in section 3.13.1).
tocs 3.13.3 Header Structure of Memory Module (1) Header of system software module
+0
55H
+ 1
00K
+ 2
Execution address (Low byte)
+ 3
Execution address (High byte)
+4
00H
+ 5
00H
+6
00H
+7
82K
+ 8
4
Must always be 00K.
~
System software entry address
Unused
System so~arearea
136
CHAPTER 4 BASIC INTERPRETER
137
BASIC INTERPRETER 4.1 FUNCTIONS HANDLING AND INTERNAL EXPRESSION 4.4L1 Intermediate Codes of Functions
The reserved words cf BASIC are developed te 2-byte (ntermediate codes (internaI codes) in memcry. The 2-byte intermediate code cf a BASIC function has a value between 50K te 7FH (n its Iow byte, depending en the kind cf function. The functions are classif(ed as follows: 50H te 51H: Operators 52H ta 5FH: System variables 60H te 7FH: Functions The intermediate cade table cf the functions is given below. High byte: E8H
Low byte
Upper4 bits
0
1
2F3
4
5
6
7
8~9
A
B
C
D
E
F
i~iIi__L .0
w
~ 4
o
5 6 7
DEV$
8
COM$
9
INSTAT
j —I
~
B C D E F
•100
J —
High byte: FOH Upper4 bits
Low byte
0r21314
~
~ ~—~-i-----1
—--H-—
SPACE$t
—~--~-—
F”TE~H~E~Hiiiiii ~ 8
~
~
I
I
A
L_____—-————-—————---———--———
i
-~-
c
F
~
t~t~iiiiiiuiii
~ Kigh byte: F1H
Low byte
tipper 4 bits
0
1
2
3
4
5
w w s
e
7
O
AND ASC ABS
1
OR
2 .0
6 STR$
INT
VAL RIGHT$
3
CHR$
ASN
4 5
LEN ACS DEG ATN
6
DMS
LN
7
STATUS LOG
8
MEM POINT EXP
9
SGN
,
A
LEFT$
B
TIME SQR MlD$
C
INKEY$
D
PI
RND
NOTJ~~
E
XPEEK#
COS
F
XPEEK~TAN
139
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
BASIC INTERPRETER High byte: F2H Upper4 bits
Low byte
0
1
2
3
4
5
o
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
MOD
2
w 3 w s o 4 —I
HEX$
.0
AIN
5 6
T 1
8 —
ï
I__
—
ATIMEsj C
INSTR
D E
ALARM$
F
WAKE$
4.12 Arithmetic Reg~sters When you want te use an IOCS routine ta perfcrm en arithmetic operation, you must prepere in advance necessary arguments cf numer-ic values er strings in the arithmetic registers provided in the BASIC work area. There are seven ar-ithmetic registers: X, Z, Y, U, V, W, and S. Each register uses 8 bytes cf spece in the work area. An argument can be set into an ar(thmetic register (i.e., into the memory location ellocated ta a particular ar(thmetic register) in the format described in section 4.1.3. The following shows the arithmetic registers and their memory locations. Register
Address
X
FAOOH
—
Z
FAO8H
—
Y
FA1OH
—
U
FA18H—FA1FH
V
FA2OH
—‘
FA27H
W
FA28H
—
FA2FH
S
FA3OH
-—
FA37H
FAO7H
FA17H
(These are the addresses v(ewed from SC-7852 (Z80).)
lAfl
I3ASIG INTERPRETER 4.1.3 InternaI Expression of Numeric Values and Strings (1) Decimal (BCD) expression cf a numeric value A numeric value is expressed in an 8-byte format which ccnsists cf the exponential part, the mantissa sign, and the mantisse part. Th(s expression format can express a value between —9.999999999 X 10~~ and 9.999999999 X ~ Higher address
Loweraddress
—
—
Exponential
Mantissa
part
sign
L
Exponential part: Mantissa sign:
00K
Mantissa part
negative value is expressed as a comple-
Expressed in one binary byte. (A
ment.) 00H represents the plus sign. 8OH represents the minus sign. Expressed in BCD. ... ...
Mantissa part:
[Example] e When setting 123 (or- 1.23 x 102) in X register PAOO 02H
e
FAO7 00K
12H
30K
00H
00H
00K
00H
When setting —0.0123 (or —1.23 X 10~)(n Y register I~A10 FEH
FA17 80K
12H
3OH
00H
00H
00H
00H
(2) Biner-y expression cf a numeric value A numeric value is expressed in the follow(ng 8-byte format (altheugh 5 bytes cf (t are net used.) This expression format can express e value between —32768 and 32767. Lower add ress *
Higher address *
*
Don’t care
—, *
Kigher .—.--———-,
B2H
Lower
‘-________
Binary nurr~er
—,
(A negative is expressed as a complement.)
* ‘—.--———-
Don’t care
BASIC INTERPRETER [Example] When setting 123 (or OO7BH) in X register
itt
FAO7H
FAOOH 00H
00(4
00H
00(4
B2H
00(4
78(4
00H
When setting -123 (or FF85H) in Y register FA10H 00(4
FA17H 00H
00H
00(4
82H
FF1-I
85H
00H
(3) InternaI expression of a string A string cf char-acter-s are represented by the string information that specifies the memory locations where the actuel char-acter String data are stored. This string information is expr-essed in the following 8-byte format (although its Iower 4 bytes are net used.)
L
*
*
*
*~
00K
Don~tcare
DOH
AODH
A0DL
String length: OlHto 50H String starting address: 000H to FFFFI-)
LENGTH
Starting address of String Iength (Number of characters) the memory locations where the charecter string dataere stored
)The MSB of ADDH (address high byte) s inverted. it For instance. if the starting address s FB1OH, then 7BH and 10H should be set in AODH and AO0L, respectively.)
[Example]
When the char-acter string “PC-1600” (s (n the string buffer (FB1OH ta FB5FK) and ycu want te set the string information in X reg(ster
L
J
00K
7BH
1OHJ
07H
1
Don~t care
‘J?
FB1OH 50(4
43H
1,19
FB16H 2DH
31H
36(4
30H
30H
bASIC INTERPRETER 4.1.4 Function Operation Subroutines (1) Numericfunctions (al One-variabte functions (in the case et a function which accepts only one numeric value as the argument) 1. Set the argument (in BCD expression) in X register. 2. Set the intermediate cade cf the desired function in DE register. 3. Set “01H” in addr-ess F88CH (the wor-k area that specifies the number of arguments). 4. CalI 0202H (with the CALL instruction cf Z80). When the function subroutine is completed proper-ly, CF is set te “0” and the result is stored (n X register. If the subroutine has r-esulted in an errer, CF is set te “1” and the error code (same as used for BASIC) is stored in A register. Affected registers: ML, DE, BC, AF, AF’ The PC-1600 has the following one-variable functions.
Square root
SQR X LN X
X
—*
X
-~
Logarithm
LOG X—~X Exponent Tr(gonometric functions
EXP X
—~
SIN X
—~
DMS (degree,
X
COS X —t
TAN X Inverse tr(gcnometr(c functions
X
X
-*
ASN X—i.X
I
ACS X -+ X
I
ATNX—+X DEG X X —~
minute, second)
conversion
DMS X
—*
Absolute
ABS X
—*
Sign
SGNX—~.X
lnteger
INTX—i.X
Negate
NOTX—~X
Random number
RND X
Machine language Machine language
Dot pattern
X X
—~
X
XPEEK (n) X
—*
PEEK X
X
—~
STATUS X
POINT X
—+
—~
X
X
X
BASIC tNTERPRETER (b) Two-variable functions 1. Set the arguments (in BCD expression) in X and Y registers. The operand should be set in X register. (For instance, ta compute 10 9, set “10” (n X and “9” (n Y.) 2. Set “02H” in addr-ess F88CH (the work area that specifies the number cf arguments). 3. CaI1 the entry address cf the desir-ed function. -
Funct(on
Entry address
+
O21AH
—
O21DH 0220K
I
0223H
A
01F3H
AND
01F6H
OR
01F9H
When the function subroutine (s ccmpleted pr-operly, CF is set ta “0” and the result is stored in X register. If the subroutine has resulted in an errer-, CF is set ta “1” and the errer code (same as used for BASIC) is stor-ed in A r-egister. Affected r-egisters: ML, DE, BC, AF, AF’ (C) Relational operations 1. Set the arguments (in BCD expression) in X and Y registers. Theoperand (the value te be compared) should be set in X register. (For- instance, ta compute 10 < 9, set “10” in X and “9” (n Y.) 2. Set “80H” in D register and set the internaI code cf the desired function (relational operator) in E register.
Operator Internai code (te be set in E)
00H
02H
=
04H
=
06H
3. Set “02M” in address F88CH. 4. CaII O1FCH. If the comparisen (s true, “1” (s stored in Xreg(ster. If Affected reg isters: HL, DE, BC, AF, AF’
-4
dIA
it (s
false, “0” (s stored,
bASIC INTERPRETER (2) String functions (al One-variable function (in the case cf a function which accepts only one numeric value as the argument) 1. Set the argument (in either 8GO or binary expression) in X register. 2. Set tlie intermediate code cf the desired function in DE register. 3. Set “01K” in address F88CH and “10H” in address F894H (the string buffer pointer). 4. CaIl 0202K. When the functicn subroutine is compieted properly, CF is set te “0” and the result (the string information expressed in the following internai format) is stored in X register. X registerFAO4
FAOO
J
J
00K
FAOS
J
FAO6
High byte
J
10w byte
FAO7 string len0th]
SterLing address 0f the memory locations in which the resultant character data are stored The MSB 0f the high byte of the starting address s inverted. (Example) If the following resuit is stored in X register: FAO4H = DOH
FAO5H = 7BK )interpreted as FAO6H = 10H FAO7H = 10H this string information indicates a string of 16 the memory locations starting from FB1OH.
1= 10H) characters stored in
The PC-1600 has the only one string function of this kind: STR$. Affected registers: HL, DE, BC, AF, AF’ (b) One-variable functicns (in the case cf a function which accepts only one string data item as the argument and gives a numeric value as the result.) 1. Set the argument (string information) in X register-. The actuel string data must be prepared in the string buffer (the area starting from FB1OH). 2. Set the intermediate code cf the desired function in DE register-. 3. Set “01H” in address F88CH. 4. CaII 0202H (with the CALL instruction of Z80). When the function subroutine is completed properly, CF is set to “0” and the result (expressed in either BCD or binary expression) is stored in X register. If the subro~itinehas resulted in an error, CF is set to “1” and the error code ~sameas used for BASIC) is stored in A register. Affected reg isters: HL, DE, BC, AF, AF’ The PC-1600 has three functions cf th(s kind: VAL, ASC and LEN. (c) Two-variable functions RIGHT$(string, numeric value) and LEFT$(string, numeric value) 1. Check whether there is a free space cf 8 bytes in the BASIC stack area (FA38H to FAFFH). This function subroutine can be executed (f the following relation (s satisfied: (Content cf F890H) < (Content cf F891 H) 8 2. Set the string information (nto addresses from (content of F890H)+4 to (content of F890H)+7: ...
—
BASIC INTERPRETER
Address
Data
(Content of F890H)+4
DOH
(Content cf F890H+5
Starting address cf the memory locations where the actuai string data are stored (H(gh byte)
(Content cf F89OH+6 (Content cf F890H)+7
Starting address of the memory locations where the actual string data are stored (Low byte) String length
and set the actuel string data in the string buffer (FB1OH to FB5FH). When setting the high byte of the string starting address into address (content cf F890H)+5, invert the MSB cf the high byte. For exemple, when a string cf eight characters are already stored in the string buffer start(ng from its top, set the following string information:
Address
Data
(Content cf F890H)+4
DOH
(Content of F890H)+5
7BH
(Content cf F890H)+6
10H
(Content cf F890H)+7
08H
3. Set “(content cf F89OH)+8” (ntc address F892H (the data pointer). 4. Set the numeric argument (in e(ther BCD or binary expression) in X register. 5. Set the intermediate code cf the des(red function in DE register.
6. CaIl 0202K (with CALL instruction et Z80). When the function subrout(ne (s compieted properly, CF is set ta “0” and the result (the string information expressed in the internai format) is stored in X register. The actuel resultant char-acter data are stored (n the string buffer. If the subroutine has resu lted in an errer, CF is set te “1” end the errer code (s stared in A register.
Affected registers: HL, DE, BC, AF, AF’ (d) Thr-ee-variable functien MID$(string, numer(c1, numeric2) 1. Check whether there isa free space of 16 bytes in the BASIC stack area (FA38H ta FAFFH). This ...
function subroutine can be executed if the following relation is satisfied:
(Content cf F890H)
< (Content cf F891 H)
—
16
2. Set the string information into addresses from (content cf F890K)+4 te (content cf F890H)+7:
Data
Address (Content of F890H)+4
DOH
(Content cf F890H)+5
Starting address cf the memory locations where the actual string data are stored (H(gh byte)
(Content cf F890H)+6
Start(ng address cf the memory locations where the actuel string data are stored (Low byte)
(Content cf F890H)+7
String Iength
I
bASIC
INIERPHEIEK
and set trie actual string data in the string buffer (FB1OH te FB5FH). When setting the high byte cf the string start(ng address intoaddress (content cf F8SOH)+5, invert the MSB cf the high byte. For example, when a string cf eight cher-acter-s are already stored in the string buffer start(ng from its top, set the following string information:
Address
Data
(Content cf F890H)+4
DOH
(Content cf F890H)+5
7BH
(Content cf F890H)+6
10H
(Content cf F89OH)+7
08H
3. Set the third argument numer(c2 (expressed in either BCD or biner-y expression) inta eddresses tram (content cf F890H)+8 to (content cf F890H)+15. 4. Set “(content cf F890H)+16” into address F892H (the data pointer-). 5. Set the second argument numerici (in either BCD or biner-y expressicn)in X register. 6. Set the intermediate code cf the desired function (i.e., F17BH in the case cf MID$ function) in DE register. 7. CalI 0202K (with CALL instruction cf Z80). When the function subroutine is completed properly, CF (s set te “0” and the resuit (the string information expressed in the internai format) is stored in X register. The actual resultant char-acter data are stored in the string buffer. If the subroutine has resulted (n an error, CF is setto “1” and the errer code is stored in A register. Affected register-s: HL, DE, BC, AF, AF’ (e) Relational operations (str(ngl, operator, string2) 1. Set stringi and str-(ng2 in X and Y register-s, respectively. These string arguments must be expressed as the string information in the internai fer-mat. 2. Set the internai code cf the desired function (relationai aperator-) in DE register. D = 80K
Operator
Value te be set in E
< >
DOH
=
01H 02K 04K
3. Cail O1FFH (with CALL instruction of Z80). if the ccmperiscn is true, “1” (s stored in X register. If (t is false, “0” (s stor-ed. Affected registers: HL, DE, BC, AF, AF’
I A7
BASIC INTERPRETER
4.2 BAS~CPROGRAM TEXT HANDUNG 4.2.1 Subroutines for Numeric Value Handiling This section describes the subroutines ta convert between the internaI decimal (BCD) codes and the internai biner-y codes. In the following explanatians, the content cf X register is an address for Z80, specifying a memory location between FAOOH and FAO7H. For the format of data written in X register, refer- te section 4.1.3 “InternaI Expression cf Numeric Values and Strings”.
BCDBIN Entry Address
0247 H
Function
Convert e numer-ic value (between O and 65535) expressed in an 8-byte BCD code into a 2-byte binary code, with the fractional part rounded off.
Parameter
X = Numeric value expressed in the BCD cade
Return
CF
=
CF
=
Affected Register
0: NormaI terminaticn DE = Conversion result (If the result (s “0”, then ZF is set te “1 “.) 1: An errer- has occurred. (The error code is returned in A register.) A = 13H: The value cf the operand is eut of the range. A = 07H: The value of the oper-and (s not expr-essed in the BCD code.
AF, BC, DE, ML
BCB~NS Entry Address
0241 H
Function
Convert a numeric value (between —32768 and 32767) expressed in an 8-byte BCD code into e 2-byte binary code (w(th a negative value expressed as a complement). The fractional part (s r-ounded off.
Parameter
X
Return
CF
=
CF
=
Affected Register
=
Numeric value expressed in the BCD code 0: Normal termination DE = Conversion resuit (If the result (s “0”, then ZF is set te “1 “.) 1: An error has occurred.
Ail reg isters
bASIC lNftKI~$lIEl1
BI2BCD ~ntry Address
024AH
~unction
Ccnvert e numeric value expressed in a 2-byte binary code into a BCD code.
Parameter
DE
Heturn
X = Conversion result (8GO code)
Affected Reg ister
Alt reg isters
Numeric value expressed in the binary code
=
4.2.2 Subroutines for ASCII Code Conversion HTOA Entry Address
0283H
Function
Convert a nurneric value expressed in e 2-byte binary code into an ASCII string.
Parameter
ML DE
Binary number te be converted (0000H te FFFFH)
=
Starting address cf the memory locations te which the converted ASCIi string is stored
=
Return
DE = Address in which the Iast character (s stored B = Num ber cf characters
Affected Register
i-IL, DE, BC, IX, AF
Remarks
(Example) When HL
=
2374H (or 9076)
0E (when calling) Lower address
J
3:H
J
OE(when retuming) Klgher address
3:H
J
37H
J
J
~4Ar~
B = 04H (4
BASIC INTERPRETER
BCDASC Entry Address
0244H
Ftrnction
Convert e numeric value expressed in a BCD code into an ASCII string. At the end cf the converted ASCII string is aiways added 00H. if the absolute value cf the exponent part is 10 or greater, the converted result (s expressed in the exponentiel notation (like 1.23x’lO’°).If (t (s less than 10, the converted result (s expressed in the fixed decimal notation (like 123). A plus sign, if any, (s converted ta a space char-acter.
Parameter
HL
Starting address cf the memor-y locations in which the operand (a numeric value expressed in a BCD code) is stored DE = Starting address cf the memory locations ta wh(ch the ccnverted ASCII string is stored
Return
The converted string is stored in the memery location specified by DE.
Affected Register
AF, BC, DE, ML, IX, lY, AF’
4.2.3
=
Subroufines for Evaluation of Expres&ons
EXPRESS Entry Address
0274H
Function
Evaluate the expression (in the intermediate code format) stored (n the memory location specif(ed by KL register, and return the result (in the BCD format) into X reg (ster.
Parameter
ML
=
Text read address
Return
CF
=
CF
=
0: NormaI termination X = Resuit 1: An error has accu rred. A = Errer code
Affected Register
AF, BC, DE, KL, IX, IY
bASIC IN I
EXPKEX
I tK
_________________________
EntryAddress
0277K
Function
Same function as EXPRES, except that this routine does net result in an errer even if the expression to be evaluated does net have a left parenthesis which should correspond te the right-most perenthesis.
Parameter
HL
=
Text read address
l~eturn
CF
=
CF
=
0: Normal termination X = Resuit 1: An errer bas occurred. A = Errer- code
Affected Register
AF, BC, DE, HL, IX, IY
SUSÎNG Entry Address
0298K
Function
Interpret the contents cf the memary tocations whose starting address is specified by ML register as the USING format data, and store the format data in the work erea.
Parameter
HL
=
Starting eddress cf the memary locations in wh(ch the USING format data
are stored Return
CF
0: Normal terminatien HL = (Last address cf the memory lecafions where the USING format date are stored) + 1 CF = 1: An errer has occurred. (Exemple) USING “### ##“; A - -
=
-
-
- -
/\
The sterLing address 0f the
IJSING format data which
should be specified by HL register
Affected Register
AF, ML
- -
When returning from the routine, KL register specifies the address of this point. -
BASIC INTERPRETER
USGCNT Entry Address
029EK
Function
Convert the numeric value (in the internai format) in X register into the ASCII string for-matted accor-ding te the USING format data given by SUSING routine, and store the ASCII codes into Y, U, V, W and S register-s (i.e., locations from FA1OH te FA37H). if no USING format data has been given, the numer(c value is converted in the same manner as BCDASC routine (i.e., converted simply te an ASCII string) and the ASCII codes are stored in Y, U, V, W and S register.
Parameter
none
Return
CF
=
CF
=
Affected Register
0: Normal terminat(cn A = Number cf the resuitant ASCII haracters (exciuding the 00H) 1: An errer has occurred.
AF, AF’, BC
4.2.4 Subroutines for BASIC Text Structure cf BASIC progr-am text Each command une cf BASIC program consists cf a une number, une length, and program data. The BASIC reserved words are expressed in intermediate codes and the other program data are expressed in ASCII codes. Fer the inter-mediate codes cf BASIC reserved wards, see section 4.2.5 “Intermediate Code Table”.
I__ Une number
10 PRINT A 20 END
--~.
Line length
_________________________
J
o~ CR
Program data
~ Une number
~ Line length
The program shown right is expanded in the memory asfoliows:
.4 Ifl
BASIC INTERPRETER Address
Data
COC5
00
COC6
OA
COC7
04
COC8
F0
COC9
97
COCA
41
--A
COCB
OD
--CR
COCC
00
COCD
14
COCE
03
COCF
F1
CODO
8E
COOl
OD
-—CR
COD2
FF
——Code indicating the end 0f a BASIC program
}10
— —
Line Iength
} }20
——Line length
END
GETCD1 Entry Address
027DM
Function
Read the attribute (such as une number er r-eserved word) of the content of e memory location (specified by HL register-) within the BASIC prcgr-am text area.
Parameter
ML
Return
B
=
=
Text reed address
e
Attribute The respective bits cf the attribute value in B register have the fellowing meanings (these bits are significant only if they are “1 “.)
LSB
MSB
B: Character expressedin an ASCII code (When this bit je ‘1”,the ASCII code js stored in A register.)
-
BASIC reserved word expressed in an intermediate code (When this bit is ‘1 “, the code is stored in DE
register.)
Line number expressed in a 2-byte binary code lWhen this bit s “1”, the code is stored in DE register.)
The PC-1600 uses twa internai for-mats for line numbers:
I ~‘)
BASIC INTERPRETER No. cf bytes
Exemple: Internai expression cf “GOTO 100”
ASCII format
Variabi e-length
F1 92 31 30 30
Binary format
4 bytes
F1 92 1F 00 64 00 GOTO
In the binary format, “1F” (s the header, the next “0064” is the binary expression cf decimal number “100”, and the test “00” (s a dummy.
In the PC~1600 mode, usually the binary format is used. When returned tram the routine, the content cf HL register specifies the address
cf the bleck next te the currently referenced biock (une number, reserved word, etc.) This address is aise stored in the work area (TEXTRP). (Exemple) •of I-IL when calling the routine 1) Reserved word Content ofHL when returned from the routine (In this case, 6=02)1 and Fi 78H)
2)
of HL when calling the routine Line number expressed in the binary
format the routine )In this case, B=04H and DE=000AH)
CF Affected Register
=
1: The end-of-text code (FFH) was detected.
AF, B, DE, HL
EOSCHK Entry Address
026EH
Fun ction
Check the end-of-statement code (colon or CR code) based on the bit patter-n set
in B register by GETCD1 routine. Parameter
Retum
Affected Register
B
=
Bit pattern set by GETCD1
A
=
ASCII code
ZF
=
ZF
=
1: The end-of-statement code was detected. 0: The end-of-statement code was net detected.
Alt registers
.dr.A
BASIC INTERPRETER DATSKP Entry Address
026-2H
Function
Skip from the specified text read pointer to the next end-of-line code (CR, or “ODH”). The text read pointer te be specified must flot et the 00K code of e binary-expressed une number or in the middle of a une number or- string constant.
Parameter
ML
=
Text read pointer
Return
HL
=
Address of the location where the end-of-line code is.
Aftected Register
AF, HL
LINSRH Entry Address
028CH
Function
Search for the une of the une number specified by DE register.
Parameter
DE
=
Line number-
Return
CF
=
CF
=
0: The Une cf the specified or greater une number has been found. In this case, SRLINE (F8A8M: high byte, F8A9H: iow byte) stores the Une number found. SRADR (F8A6H: high byte with MSB invertede, F8A7H: low byte) stores the starting address of the memory locations where the line is stored. (For example, if the starting address (s 80C5H, then “00M” (s stored in F8A6H and “C5M” (s stored in F8A7H.) SRADRb (F1C3H) stores the Iogical bank number. 1: The Iine cf the specified or greater une number- has net been found~In this case SRLINE, SRADR and SRADRb store the une information cf the gr-eatest among the existing Une numbers.
Affected Register
AF
BASIC INTERPRETER
NXTADR Entry Address
O2EEH
Function
Return the starting address and bank number cf the une next ta the one that specified by HL register.
Parameter
HL = Starting address cf e une A = Logical bank number cf that une (FE2AH, FE2BH) = Address cf the last une in the area ta be sear-ched for- (Specify the address in the or-der cf the Iow byte and the high byte) (FE2CH) = Logical bank number cf the lest une
Return
CF
=
CF
=
Affected Register
0: The next une was found within the specified area. HL = Starting address cf the next une A = Logicai bank number cf the next une 1: The next line was net found within the specified area.
AF, AF’, HL, DE
TADCNV Eritry Address
02D4H
Function
Convert a
Parameter
C
Return
Affected Register
=
log(cal bank number te e physicel benk number.
Logical bank number Address
DE
=
CF
=
CF
=
0: NormaI termination A = Physical bank number DE = Address 1: An errer has occur-red (e.g., e non-existing address was specified.)
AF
LBSCH2 Entry Address
02D1 H
Function
Return the une number cf the l(ne that contains the label specified by KL and BC.
4 t-
BASIC INTERPRETER HL
(~arameter
BC
Return
=
=
CF
=
CF
=
Address cf the first char-acter in the label (Example) “START” ML Number- cf char-acter-s in the label exciuding the double quotes (“) (Example) “START” BC=0005M BC=0000H O: Normai termination STLINE (F8A8M: high byte, F8A9H: iow byte) stores the line number found. SRADR (F8A6H: high byte with MSB inverted, F8A7H: tow byte) stores the starting address cf the line found. (For exemple, if the star-ting address is 80C5H, then “001-1” (s stcred in F8A6H and “C5H” is stored in F8A7H.) SRTOP (F8AAH: high byte, F8ABH: 10w byte) stores the same contents as SRADR. 1: The specified label has net been found. -
-
-
-
-
-
Affected Register
AF, BC, DE, HL, AF’
Remarks
Because this routine uses the bank switching, the calling side mey need te switch
back te the original bank.
4.2.5 Intermediate Code Table IMSIC Reserved Word Intermediate Code Table
Upper 4 bits
1-11gb byte: E3 e -o
o -J
L~ghT 0
T
T ~T T~T
11
1
PAPER
~-
~
~
ii il il iiJi~
f-,
w
o
—
~L 3
-J
T T T
-d--
÷ ~—
B
-~
~
L
~
-~-_~L__•
~-_—--J E
~
~
ui~iiii~ii:ii~i ~Eï~iI
—
~
~
i ~t
-
INTERPRETER
BASIC
High byte: E6 Upper 4 bits
T1
u >.
8o
-J
L~
T;— 1 2 —
3
o, w e
7
9~ A
T CSIZE
~
—__
6
TEXT
D
—_— —
F
D
E
F
j
LCURSOR
ROTATE
+L
E
GICURSOR
5
—
D
—____
SORGN
o
C
GRAPH
4
-J
B
—
—_~___±____
—_____~____
IiF ii il II 11E 11 11 E ii i1~ ii 11 11 High byte: E7
Upper 4 bits
e >-
o -j
L~h0 O
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A~B
2 3
4 5 w G,
-jo
6 7 —~--
—---—------I------------
9
PMT
I
A
~çg
C
BASÎC I NTERPHETEK i-lign byte: 1:13 Upper 4 oits G)
u-
0
.0 o
8
-J
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
OUTSTAT
2
SETCOM
A
B
C
D
E
F
.
~L
-~-
-j6
w G)
8o
—------------t----- ~ ~T
—
—
—
SETDEV
7
DEyS
8
COMS
r
-J
T;_
.
~AT
A
~EY$
I
I
I
B
.
C
I
D E F
High byte: F0
Upper 4 bits
e u.
0
8 -~
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
O 1
SPACES
2
ERN
3
ERL
CURSOR
5
~G
6
9
A
B
UST
LFII.ES
FEED
INPUT
CONSOLE
GCURSOR
CHAIN
J
4 f-,
w
6
J
C
D
E
F
BREAK
~E
PITCH
ZONE
~SOR
~WR 1F
7
~MDTH PRINT
LuNE
8 9
CLS
FILES
LIIST
CLOAD
uNE
LPRINT
A
PRESET
RuNE
B
PSET
TAB
C
-
TEST
÷ F
—
—
MERGE —
GPRINT —
—
—
—
—
—
BASIC
INTERPRETER
111gb byte: Fi Upper 4 bits o u-
.0 o
8 —j
L~gh2r3I456I78~9ABCDEF
[
AND
ASC
ABS
AREAO
OR
STR$
NT
ARUN
2
VAL
RIGHTS
BEEP
4
IEN
ACS
5
DEG
-.~
1
GOSUB
ATN
1
I
w
8o
GOTO
STATUS
7
10G
XPOKE#
TROFF
XPOKE
TO
PAUSE
—---t~-----1111
.0 G,
I
CLEAR
RUN
ERROR
FOR
LOCK
~CK
F RESTORE
j
-J
9
SGN
A
LEFTS
RETURN XCALL
NEXT
RADIAN
SIN
DATA
OPN
STEP
E
XPEEK~ COS
END
OFF
THEN
F
XPEEK
-j---
-—
—~~~—----------
~Y$~EEON~
-~-_-
PI
D
NOT
TAN
I
TRON
High byte: F2 Upper4 bits G)
-o
8o
-J
L~
~
1
2
4
3
5
o
MOD
1
XOR
6
WAKES
7
9
A
ADIN
RLOAD
PHONE
BSAVE
SNDBRK PCONSOLE
EOF
B
C
2
IOC
C~1C~ESN~TAT1
3
10F
ELSE
COPY
4
DSKF
KBUFF$
INIT
~ .0
6
RXD$
INP
8o
7
DATE$
INSTR
8 9
TIME$
A
AIN
w o
8
KEY
COM
MODE
RCV STAT PZONE
~OR~M
KEYSTAT OPEN KIIL
NAME
AUTO ERASE
-J
r~
PASS
SAVE
DELETE
OUT
J
ÎITLE
~w~j
—
C
MAX FILESI SET
ALARM$
POKE
AOFF
D
PEEK
RESUME
AS
E
PEEK#
RETI
OUTPUT
-~-——
.1 t’t~
•
D
j
E
F
BASIC INTERPHE [EH Funct(ons and symbols
Intermediate code
Punctiens and symbois
intermediate code
,
602CH
V
Fi 6BH
AND
7050H
FunCtion name
FX XXH
OR
7051M
(
2028H
8000H
Variable name
8002H
=
8004H
=
8006H
+
812BH
—
812DH
MOD
82 55M
\
835CH
* I + (sign) —
I
•
842AH 842FH 85
(sign)
85 2BH
A
865EH
4 f04
40 XXH
——
SA XXH
Functions and symbols
lntermediate code
)
1O29H
End-of-statement (CR, colon, etc.)
00 XXH
CHAF TER
5
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
5~1AUT0MAT~CLOADNNG AND RUNNING
0F BAS~C
PROGRAM ALE (AUT0RUN~BAS) The PC-1600 can automatically load and r-un e specific BASIC pregram file (named “AUTORUN.BAS”) from the file device (CE-1600F or memory file). When the PC-1600 (s pawered en, (fit (s in the RUN made and the ~ symbol (s net on, the PC1600 searches fer a file named “AUTORUN.BAS” in the CE-1600F, the slot Si memory file and the slot S2 memcry file, in thet order. If the file exists, it is autematically loaded inte the currently selected memor-y module (program module ar extension memory module) and executed.
52 CHANGING DISPLAY CHARACTER FONT In the PC-1600, e display character is composed cf a dot matrix cf 6 columns by 8 lines. The font data of each char-acter is stored in the CG (char-acter generater) table, in which one 8-dot column data cf a character isexpressed in one byte (or 8 bits) and the six one-byte cclumn data for-ming one complete character are stored in sequential memory locations with the date cf the first column cf that char-acter stored first, es shown below.
LSB i
MSB I
Character font data in CG table
3EH
41H 49H 39H 00H
Higher address
The PC-1600 has three CG tables: 1. GG table that stores the font data for the character codes cf fr-om 20H te 7FH This CG table is in the ROM cf the main unit, and the fonts cf these char-acter-s cannot be changed by the user. 2. CG table that stores the font data for- the char-acter codes cf tram 80M ta FFH This CG table is in the ROM cf the main unit, and the fonts cf these char-acters can be changed by the user by prepering a user defined font set in RAM and changing the contents cf UPACGA and UPACGB. 3. CG table that stores the font data for- the char-acter codes cf from 00M te 1 FH This CG table is net in the ROM cf the main unit. if you want te define your own character fonts te these codes of 00H te 1FM, change the contents cf CTRCGA and CTRCGB, prepere e user defined font set in RAM, and set LCDWK (FO5DH) bit 3 te “1”. As descr(bed, the CG tables cf items 2 and 3 above can be replaced with user-defined CG table prepared in memory. In this case, since the char-acter- fonts et ail char-acter cades allocated te that table are ta be changed, you must prepare fontdata for ail these char-acter codes even if you went te change the fonts for only seme cf the char-acter codes.
01HER FUNCTIUNS ANti PRhUAU 1 IONS The tallcwing shows the details et the wcrk area used ter- the CG tables. Name
Address
Bytes
Contents
CTRCGA
F061H (Low byte) F062H
2
Starting address cf the memory locations where the character font data for the character codes cf 00H te 1FH are stored (The starting address must net be iower than 8000H.)
F063H
1
Bank number (0 te 7) cf the memory locations where the character font data for- the character codes of 00H te 1 FH are stered
FO64H (Low byte) F065H
2
Starting address cf the memory locations where the character font data for the character codes of8OH te FFH are stored (The starting address must net be lower than 8000H.)
1
Bank number (O te 7) cf the memory locations where the characterfont data for the character codes cf 8OH te FFH are stored
(H(gh byte)
CTRCGB UPACGA ~ ~ P~
I
(High byte)
UPACGB ~
F066H
5~3 EXTENDED FUNCTION 0F KEYSTAT COMMAND The PC-1600 can accept key input from the serial port insteed of the main unit keyboard.
(1) Setting procedure Execution cf KEYSTAT command with the first parameter set te “2” lets the PC-1600 te accept key input from the seriai port cur-rentiy set by SETDEV command. To do this, set appropnate communication parameters (such as the baud rate) by SETCOM command. The use of the second and the third par-ameters of KEYSTAT command is the same as for the keyboard.
(2) Key codes The key codes te be input from the serial port must be the same as those sent from the keyboard (see section 10.2.) Code 10H has a special meaning: 10H: Indicates that the m. ffl or I OFF) key has been released. Since the key input routine needs to check whether or net the fflt m or 10FF I key hes been currently pressed, a code 10H must be sent each time one of these keys is released. With the keyboard, key codes 11H end 13H are allocated te the functien keys 1 end 3 on the keyboard, respectivety. With the serial port, however-, codes 11H and 13M are usually used as XON and XOFF codes, respectively. Because cf this, usualiy you cannot send the key codes corr-esponding ta the funct(on keys 1 end 3 through the ser(al port. Mowever, execution cf the following POKE statements lets the PC-1600 te inter-pret codes F1H and F3H sent from the serial port as the key codes of the function keys 1 and 3, respectively. POKE POKE POKE POKE POKE
&FF4O,&33,&33,&F5,&79,&FE,&07,&28,&O2 &FF48, &F1 ,&C9,&F1 ,&E3,&CD,&61,&FF,&67,&F5 &FF51 ,&FE,&F1 ,&20,&02,&26,&1 1 ,&FE,&F3 &FF59,&20,&02,&26,&1 3,&F1 ,&7C,&E 1 ,&C9,&E9 &F3C1 ,&C3,&40,&FF
i
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS This example uses codes F1H and F3H for the function keys 1 and 3, however-, you can use different codes instead cf F1H and F3H by changing the contents cf addresses FF52H and FF58H. FF52H: F1H FF58H: F3H
Change te a different value. f— Change te a different value. ~—
(3) Precaut~on Even when “KEYSTAT 2” statement is executed te eccept key input from the serial port, the key input from the keyboard can stili be accepted: the PC-1600 accepts key input from bath keyboard and serial port.
5~4SEGMENT~NGONE RAM MODULE FOR D~FFERENTUSES A RAM module (CE-1600M or CE-161) (s usually used for- anly one cf the following three uses: (1) extension memory (2) program module (3) RAM disk
Howeyer-, e RAM module (if two RAM modules are installed in slots 1 and 2, only one cf them) can aise be used as: (4) program module + extension memory in the fourth case, CE-1600M or CE-161 is segmented into two parts. The first part cf the RAM module is used as e program module and the lest part as the extension memary. Te do th(s, execute the following statement: INIT “Si :(or S2:)”/’P”, where specifios the size cf the area te be used as the program module. The program module ar-ea can have e size cf a multiple et 2 KB, and should be specif(ed by e value cf e multiple cf 2 (n k(lobytes. This module segmentation is possible enly when the following four cenditions are sat(sf(ed: (1) No program exists in the extension memery. (2) No program exists in the program module. (3) No files exist in the RAM disk. (4) The other module, (f there are twa modules in the slots, is net segmented. SlotSl: —~ SIot S2: —?e
banko Ibank 2
bankl bank 3)
*
When a RAM module in e slot is segmented, if there is enother RAM module in the other slot and it (s used as the extension memory, the total size cf the extension memery varies as follows. ~lf20
UI MtM IUNU I IONS ANL)
PIIEUAU FIONS
ares
(Largest bank among those hav(ng size cf iess than 16 KB)
a
(16 KB cf bank 2)
f
(16 KB of bank 3) (16 KB cf bank 0) (16 KB cf bank 1) 16 KB cf PC-1600 standard meme ry
Program
ares
Variables
area
Workarea
(1) First, the extension memory arees are stacked up in the order 0f banks 1, 0, 3 and 2. However, if the extension memory erea et a bank is less than 16 KB, that bank is flot stacked. (2) Atter these banks of 16 KB are stacked, finally thejergest bank among those having a size of Iess than 16 KB, if any, (s stacked. The other banks of less than 16 KB are flot used as extension memory. (If there are two or more banks that have the same size of less than 16 KB, oniy one cf those banks is stacked being selected in the order of banks 1, 0, 3 and 2.)
5.5 ALE F0RMAT The PC-1600 can handle three kinds of files: ~1)ASCII file : Pr-ogram file or data file saved by PRINT #n, SAVE with A option, or SAVE* command 2) Program file : Program file saved by SAVE command (3) Machine language file : Machine language file saved by BSAVE command These files hàve the follôwing fer-mets:
(1) ASCil file • PRINT#n
1AH” i~writtefl when the file la closed.
.Endof4ile code
• SAVE with A option, and SAVE* First program une
Second program me
Lest program line
—
I ~7
1AH
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
(2) Progr~mfille +00 +01 +02 +03 +04 ÷05
[Jio
00
00
+0E
21 JL~’M~HJ 00 Program
J
00
00 00
--0F
J J
00 00
00
0F
Data
(program)
size (in the order 0f 0w, middle and high bytes)
(3) Machhie Ilanguage fille +00 +01 +02 ÷03 +04 FF
lin
10
00
00
+0E +0F
10
L
I
M
H
L
~l
Machine language ares aise the order 0f 10w, middle and high bytes)
H
B
L
H
B
00
0F
Data (machine languago data)
I -~
Sta~ingaddress and bank aumber of the machine language area aaved (in the order 0f 10w address, high address and bank number)
Auto-run address alter the machine language program ir loaded -to- (in the order of 10w addresa, high addressand bank number)
Theae three bytes will be “FFH” ifthe program s not to be automatically executed.
5~8 DATA
§NPUT/OUTPUT TO ALE DEVllCE
(1) There are twa commands ta for data input/output to e file device: PRINT #n Write data te a file device. INPUT #n Read data from a file device into a variable. (2) The foliowing outlines the procedure for data input/output te a file device. 1. MAXFILESs=m m is the number effiles that can be opened at the same time. (m is 1 te 15.) Usually this command is placed at the beginning cf a program. 2. OPEN “.” FOR INPUT AS #n OUTPuT APPE ND n must be a unique number among the currently opened files. 3. PRINT #n Write data. or INPUT #n Read data into e variable. 4. CLOSE #n When the file oper-ation is completed, the file must be closed. (3) End effile While you are reading data from a file by INPUT #n command, if aIl data in the file have already
been read and you attempt te read data from the file, this execution cf INPUT #n cammand results in an errer. You can check whether ail data (n the file have been read, by using EOF functian. Thus, when you attempt to sequentially read data from a file that you do net know how many data items exist in
thot file, you should check the end ef the file by EOF function each tirne befere you execute INPUT #n command.
~1
W MER FUNG1IUNS ANti l-~1LUAUI IONS 1.
When wrlting data by
PKiNT #n command
(1) (i)Numeric data (without USING)
Space code
(space
SP code): When tha numeric value je zero or positive — (minus sign code): When the numericvalue is negative
©Numer-ic data (with USING) String expression
(Exemple)
0f
numeric data in IJSING format
PRINT#1, USING
“+####.##“;
—1.234
I ®Str-ing data String data
If e USING format (s given befere the string, the string data are arr-anged according te the USING format. (2) PRINT #n,datal,data2 (when the data delimiter (s a comma) When each data items are separated by a comma, each data item is written in units of 20 bytes. If e data item exceeds 20 bytes, it (s written over ta the subsequent 20 bytes. A numeric date is right-justified in e biock. (Example) SP
.,,,
SP
PRINT#1, 1.23, “ABC —T” 1.23
SP
ABC — T
CR
LF
(3) PRINT #n,datai;data2 (when the data delimiter is a semicclon) When each data items are separated by e semicolon, each data item (s written in the format of (1) above, and the data items are written immediateiy following one another-. (4) PRINT #n,detal When the lest data item (s not foliowed by a comma or semicelon, the data item is written with CR end LF codes added at the end.
169
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS 2. When reading data by DNPUT #n command (1) INPUT #n, This statement read data as e numeric value fr-om e file device and stores (t ta the specified numeric variable. If e data item cannot be read as e numer(c value, “O” is stored te the variable. A space code and e data delimiter- code preceding te each data item are ignored. The end cf each data item is r-ecognized by a comma, space, or CR+LF. (2) INPUT #n, This statement read data as e string from e file dev(ce end stores (t ta the specified string variable. Consecutive space codes or delimiter codes preced(ng te each date item are ignored. The end cf each data item is recognized by a comma or CR+LF. A comma enclased w(th double quotes (s recognized as part cf data (that is, not as a data delimiter).
3.
Examp~esof
PR~NT#n and DNPUT #n commands
Example 1
When you execute PRINT #1,A$,B$ (where A$=”ABC” and B$=”CD”) the data are written in the failowing far-met:
J
sp
ABCSp
J JJ CD
CR
LF
I
Then, when you execute the following statement to read data from the previeus file: INPUT #2,A$(0) (assume DIM A$(0)*80 has been executed) the data are stored ta A$(0) as foliows: A$(0)
=
“ABC sp
sp CD”
2 When you execute the fallawing statement te read the same date as Example 1: Example
INPUT #2,A$,B$ the data are reed inta A$ es follows: A$=”ABCsp
sp”
(16 bytes cf data) then the INPUT statement resuits in an error because there is no data te be read te B$. In this case, the data “ABC sp sp CD” are treated es one data item, and enly the first 16 bytes cf data are stored inte A$, therefore, no data is ieft for- B$.
~1~7l”i
U IHEN FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS Example 3 Suppose you have executed the following statement: PRINT #1,1.23,456 Now, you read these recorded data by the foliowing statement:
INPUT #2,A,B Then you get the results:
A=1.23 and B=456 This is because, different from exemples 1 and 2, e space code is treated as a date delimiter if the input variable is a numeric variable.
4. PRII\IT #n and INPUT #n commandsto serial port (RS-232C or SliO) (1) The data format is the same as item 1 above.
(2) With PRINT #n command, the data are actueliy cutput te the serial port when one of the following events occurs: • When the amount cf cutput data reaches 256 bytes • When the serial port is clesed (3) With INPUT #n command, the received data are actually stored ta the variable when one cf the following events occurs: o When the amount cf received date reaches 256 bytes • When an EOF code (1AH) is received
5.7 PRECAUTIONS FOR USE 0F SER~ALPORT
--
(RS-232C AND 310) (1)
Transmission speed
For communication at higher- transmission speed, set the size cf the receive buffer- es foliows (by using INIT “COMn:” statement. Transmission speed (bps) 1 4800 te 9600
Receive buffer size (bytes) 80 or more
19200
130 or more
38400
1100 or more
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS (2) XON/XOFF fllow controil When XON/XOFF control is used, execution cf any cf the following commands te a serial port may cause an XON (11H) code te be generated et the beginning cf the command executien.
OPEN “COMn:” LLIST INPUT
SAVE BLOAD
BSAVE LPRINT
LOAD
The foilowing shows an example in wh(ch an XON (11H) code is flot generated when the OPEN “COMn:” statement is executed. SETCOM “COMn:”,1200,8,N,1,N,N OPEN “COMn:” FOR INPUT AS #1 SETCOM “COMn:”,1200,8,N,1,X,N
(3)
...
(XON/XOFF (s disabled)
...
(XON/XOFF (s enabled)
Data format
XON~ 1
J
O
J J J F
O
R
M JAJ
î
Js~aceJs~aceJ J b
y Js~aceJ p
c
J
1
6
0
0
CR
LF
2
J J o
When the XON/XOFF control is enabled, opening a serial port or executing a SAVE, BSAVE, LLIST or LPRINT command may cause an XON code ta be generated. When the XON/XOFF contrai is disabled, an XON code (s flot generated. With a file, the end-of-line code (CR or CR+LF) is always ccnverted te CR+LF. However, for data transmission with LPRINT, LLIST or INPUT command, the end-of-line code can be specified to CR or- CR+LF by PCONSOLE command.
(4) Serllall port (a) To select the RS-232C port, execute SETDEV “COMi:” or OPEN “COMl:” The default port at power-up (s the SIO port (COM2:). (b) To select the Sl0 port, execute SETDEV “COM2:” or OPEN “COM2:”
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS tc) RS-232C control signaIs 11~ The load cf the outgcing central signal RST or DTR should be 3 te 7 kilo-ohms. Thus, do flot connect the RST signal, for instance, te twc signal Unes en the remcte system.
2~ Control cf RTS signal The RTS signai is usually held at Iow, but can be set te high by OUTSTAT “COMi :“ stetement. ~ OUTSTAT “COM1:” While an RS-232C input/eutput command (SAVE, BSAVE, LOAD, BLOAD, LLIST, or LPRINT) (s being executed or while the RS-232C port is open as e file, the RTS signal is held et high. it goes low when the command executian is terminated or when the RS-232C port is closed. The RTS signai aise works as the busy signal for data reception. The RTS signal goes low when the r-eceive buffer is getting full and the free space in the buffer becomes 8 bytes, and it goes high when the received data in the buffer are read into the system and the number cf r-emaining data in the buffer becomes 8 bytes. Control of CTS, CD, and DSR inceming signais • RCVSTAT “COM 1: “, This statement specifies which incoming signais (CTS, CD and/or DSR) are used te cantrol data receptien. Bits 2 te 4 of correspond te STC, CD and DSR. -
=
* * * b b b * * 4 3 2 ________________________________________
(Bit pattern in binary notation)
~CTS is used for data reception control. ~ CD s used for data raception control.
~ DSR la used for data
Bit =
reception control.
O : This signal is used for- the data reception contrai. (When this signal is high, the data r-ecepticn (s enabled. When this signal (s iow, the data receptien is disabled.) 1 : This signal is not used for the data reception contrai. (The data reception (s enabled regardless cf this signal.)
• SNDSTAT “COMl:”, This statement specif(es which incaming signais (CTS, CD and/or DSR) are used te contrai data transmission. Bits 2 te 4 cf correspond te STC, CD and DSR. )Bit pattern in binary notation) is used for data transmission control.
is used for data transmission control. DSR s used for data transmission control.
Bit
O : 1 :
This signal (s used for the data transmission control. (When this signal is high, the data transmission is enabled. When (t (s low, the date transmission is suspended.) This signal is not used for the data transmission contrai. (The data transmission is enabled regar-dless cf this signal.)
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS e OUTSTAT “COMl:”, This statement sets the RTS signal te high or Iow according to the value cf . (For the relationship between the value cf and the state of RTS signal, see the table in item 3) below. 3) ContraI cf DTR signal The DTR signal (s usually held at low, but it can be set te high by OUTSTAT “COM1 :“ statement. o OUTSTAT “COMl:” Wh(le an RS-232C input/output command (s being executed or while the RS-232C port is open as a file, the DTR signal is held et high. e OUTSTAT “COM 1: “, This statement sets the DTR signal te high or low accord(ng te the value of .
RTS
O
H(gh
1
High
Low
2
Low
High
3
Low
Low
4)
I
High
CTS signal (incoming signal)
The CTS signai can be used for- the data reception control and the data transmission control cf the RS-232C port. 5) DSR signal (incoming signal)
The DSR signal can be used forthe data reception control and the data transmission control cf the RS-232C port. 6) CD signai (incoming signal) The CD signal can be used for the data reception contre! and the data transmission control cf the RS-232C port. 7) Cl signal (incoming signal) The CI signal (s used as a calling indicator from the modem. For exemple, you can use the Cl signal te power en the PC-1600 and execute a specified program, or te interrupt the current program execution and maye the contre! te a modem hand!ing program, e
WAKE$(1)=””
When this statement has been executed, if the Cl signa! goes high, the PC-1600 is turned.on and the spec(fied command string is executed. e ON PHONE GOSUB PHONE ON/OFF/STOP When these statement have been executed, if the Cl signa! goes high, contre! is moved te the spec(fied subrout(ne. Note: Te let the PC-1600 to be powered on by the Cl signa!, the Cl signal must be held at high far more than one second. 8) INSTAT “COMl:” This statement reads the states cf the RS-232C control signaIs: the inceming signaIs (CTS, DSR, CD and Cl) and the outgcing signaIs (RTS and DTR). With this statement, you can know the state cf the remote machine. The following shows the meaning cf a value te be returned by th(s statement.
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
{
b~
O
b6
0
b3
State cf Cl ( “0” means “high”; “1” means “low”)
b4
State cf DSR ( “0” means “high”; “1” means “lcw”)
b3
State cf CD ( “O” means “h(gh”; “1” means “lcw”)
b2
State cf CTS ( “0” means “high”; “1” means “low”)
b1
State cf RTS ( “0” means “high”; “1” means “icw”)
bo
State cf DTR ( “O” means “h(gh”; “1” means “Iow”)
9) T(meout value for data receptien and transmission • RCVSTAT “COMn:”,, The cf this statement specifies the timecut value for data reception. O : If no data has been received (n the receive buffer,~e command to input data from the serial port wa(ts until data cernes in. = 1 ta 255 : If no data has been-r-eceived in the receive buffer, e ccmmand to input data from the serial port waits for e maximum cf /2 seconds. If no data cornes in with(n that period, the cornmand execution resuits (n e timeout errer. • SN DSTAT “COMn: “,, The cf this statement specifies the timeout value for data transmission. = 0: if the date transmission te the serial port (s disabled when a command ta eutput data ta the seriai per-t is executed, the cemmand waits until the data transmission is enabled. = 1 ta 255 : If the data transmission te the serial port is d(sabled when e command to output data te the ser-(aI port is executed, the command weits for a maximum cf /2 seconds. if the data transmission is not enabled within that per-(cd, the command execution resuits in e tirneaut errer. A timecut er-ror occurs (n e(ther cf the following cases: (1) When the XON/XOFF central is used, (f the PC-1600 does net receive an XON code (11H) within the specified period of time s(nce (t has received an XOFFcode (13H). (2) For data transmission ta the RS-232C part (i.e., COM1 :), if the incem(ng contrai signal that has been spec(fied for the data transmission contrai does net gc~high within the specified period cf time. • RXD$
Even when the PC-1600 has received 11H code or 13H code, an RXD$ command may not return these codes. • SETCOM “COM2:” For data transm(ssian/reception te the SiO port (i.e., COM2:), specify the same XON/XOFF control setting te bath COM1: and COM2:. • RCVSTAT and SNDSTAT Do net omit the when ycu use these commanda.
4
OTHER FUNCT~ONSAND PRECAUTIONS 5~8 TRANSFERRllNG
A BASllC PROGRAM BETWEEN PC~16OO AND OTHER MACHllNE
The data format for transmission/reception cf a BASIC program through RS-232C (s different between the PC-1600 and ather per-sana! camputers. Therefore, ycu cannct transfer a BASIC pregram through RS-232C simply by using load .and save eperetions. This section describes a method te transfer e BASIC program between the PC-1600 and a different personal computer (PC-7000 or PC-5000), in which the PC-1600 uses the LOAD or SAVE command and the other personal computer uses a special file transfer BASIC pragram (described later).
(1) Connectllng the computers The method described here uses cnly three signal unes cf RS-232C (transmit data line, receive data line and ground une). Connect the PC-1600 and the other personal computer through their RS-232C connectors with the apprepriate RS-232C cable. (CE-1 603L cable) PC-1600 ~
~
PC-5000
(CE-1604L cable) PC-1600 ~
~ PC-7000
(2) Settllng up the PC~-16OO Te transfer e BASIC pregram, the PC-1600 uses the LOAD or SAVE command. Before starting the program trensfer-, you must initialize the PC-1600’s RS-232C port as described in item (4) “Communication procedures” below. You can use env baud rate, however, you must use the same baud rate between the twa camputers. If ycu use a baud rate cf 4800 bps cr higher, set the PC-1 600’s receive buffer size te the following value (by using IN1T command): Baud rate
Receive buffer size ~minimum value)
4800, 9600
80
19200
i30
(3) Setthig up the remote computer The remete computer uses e special BASIC program ta transfer a BASIC program file. The following lists the file transfer programs and the setting conditions for d(fferent computer-s. Persena) computer PC-7000
PC-5000
Transfer direction —~
—~
File transfer
program
Setting conditions
PC-1600
List 1
GW BASIC
PC-1600
List 2
GW BASIC
L(st 3
GW BASIC
L(st
GW BASIC
PC-1600 ~
~—
PC-1600
4
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS ~ote; Some persanal computers dc net suspend the data transmission even when the PC-1600 sends
an XOFF code. For data transmission from such a computer te the PC-1600, take the fallowing measur-es: PC-1600 side: Set the receive buffer size ta 600 bytes or more. Remote side: Let the computer te wait fer about 0.1 ta 1 second each t(me the computer has sent one une cf data, se that the PC-1600 does net have ta send an XOFF cade ta the remcte computer.
I;..
L:.:
~..O INPUT VFILE NANE (PC—1600 ta PC—7000)”;LECCEE$ 20 OPEN LECCEE$ FOR OUTPUT AS *2 OPEN “coml:l200anaa,lslf” AS *1
L
-~
~0 PRINT “READY! !“:BEEP IF LOF(1)0 THEN 50 60 FEINT #1,CHR$(&H11); 70 X2$=INPUT$(1~*1) ~0 1F X2~=CHR$(&H11) THEN 70 g~ IF X2$=CHR$(&HA) THEN 70 100 IF X2$=CHR$(&H1A) THEN 160 110 LINE INPUT *1,X1$:X1$=X2$÷X1~ ~20 PEINT 4*1,CHR$(&H13); 130 PEINT X1$ 1~0 PEINT *2~X1$ 50
~.
50 GOTO 60
160 CLOSE:END
Ust 2 20 TNPUT “FTLE NMIE (PC—7000 te ~C-l500)”~LECCEE$ OPEN LECCEE$ FOR INPUT AS *1 50 OPEN “CO~I1:1200,N,8,1,1f” FO~ 70 IF EOF(1) THEN 120 UNE INPUT *1,X1S 30 PEINT Xis PEINT *2 X1$ 110 GOTO 70 9 50
~0 100 ~
120
AS #2
:END
Ust3
-~
~
FRINT *2,CHR$(&H1A);:CLOSE
OUTPUT
10 INPUT “FILE- NAflE (PC—1600 ta F’C—~0ØØ)”;LECCEE$ 20 OPEN LECCEE$ FOR OtJTPUT AS #2
30 OPEN “comltl200,n,8,1,LF,CS0” AS *1 PEINT “EEADYiI”:BEEP 50 X2$INPUT$(1,*1) 70 IF X2$=CHRS(&H11) THEN 60 60 IF X2$=CHR$(&HA) THEN 60 IF X2$=CHRS(&HÎA) THEN 160 --s100 LINE INPUT #l,X1$:X1$=X2$~1.Xj$ :10 PRINT *1~CHE$(~H13; ~20 PEINT XiS 130 PRINT *2,X1$ :40 FEINT *15CHR$(&H11); 1-’ 50 GOTO 60 .~E0 CLOSE:END •-~0
SO
~.
:0 • • ~ 60
- -
INPUT “FILE NAZIE (PC—5000 te ~-‘C-l600”;LECCE~s ~0 OPEN LECCEE$ FOR INPUT AS ~i 2~ BEEP~PRINT “READY!P’ 30 OPEN “CONi~120Ø~N~8,1~LF” FOR OUTPUT AS *2 ~0 LIME INPUT #1~X1$ 50 PEINT XiS FRUIT *2~XiS 70 IF EOF(1)=0 THEN 40 &0 ?RINT *2~CHR$ (&HiA)~ 20 CLOSE ~00 END
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS (4) Comrnun~cat~on procedures (a) Precedure te transfer a BASIC program fram PC-1600 te the remete computer Operatiens on PC-1 600 1
(Create a BASIC program.)
2
(Save the BASIC program.) Example: SAVE “X:TEST”
3
Set up the communication protecel. 1) OUTSTAT “COM1:”,Q 2) RCVSTAT “COM1:”, 63 3) SNDSTAT “COMi :“, 59 4) II’ll1~“COl\41 :
4
Load a BASIC program you want to transfer. Example: LOAD “X:TEST”
r
Operations on remote computer
~
Execute the appropriate data reception BASIC program. (Load(ng program from RS232C)
6
Enter a f(Ie name to save the received program data into e file with that name.
7
Start sending the program by executing the
following statement. SAVE “COMl:”,A
Note: Te send another program after you have sent one, repeat the above steps 4 ta 7.
(b) Procedure ta transfer e BASIC pregram from the remote computer to PC-1600 Operations on PC-1600 1
ODerations or remote computer
Set up the communication protocol. 1) OUTSTAT 2) RCVSTAT “COM1:”,63 3) SNDSTAT “COM1:”,59 4) INIT “COIVIl : 600,” “r” r, “,
2
3
Execute tre ano’oDr~atedata pro gram (Sav~ncoro7ram ~o RS232C)
Execute LOAD “COMi:”
4
~
transmiss(cn BASIC
Enter e
name o~the file you want te transfer.
loaded into memory,
Note: Ta send another program after you have sent ene, repeat the above steps 2 ta 5.
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS 5,9 MERG~NGPROGRAM ALES The merge operat(an described in this section basical!y has the same function as MERGE cemmand of
BASIC, therefore, the foilowing rules apply ta the merge aperatien. • The merge operat(cn loads a program (specified in LOAD command) inte memory without deleting the programs previously existing (n memory. That (s, different pr-egrams may coexist in memory. These coexisting programs may have the same une numbers. Each Ioeded program must be labeied (i.e., defined ta a key on the keyboard (such as “A” or “S”). For details of the labeling, see OPERATION MANUAL, sectian IV 8 “Program Labels and the DEF Key”. u u
u
If an unlabeled program (s lcaded, label it immediately. The programs must be iabeled ta differ-ent keys. When yeu Ioad a program by th(s merge operation, that program w(II be the abject cf editing. Te edit the ether pr-cgrams, specify a program expiicitly by LIST “label” cemmand. This merge operation will resuit in an errer if a password (s set ta the PC-1600 main unit. If READ end DATA stetements are used in e program and the DATA items are ta be re-read by a RESTORE command, label the fir-st une cf the DATA biock and specify that label when you re-read the DATA black by e RESTORE command. If DATA statements are used in more than one program, unexpected data items may be read depending on the program executian state. After the merge cperation (s performed, the f(xed numeric variable Z contains the value “0” (because (t is used for- the merge oper-ation.)
File merge operatien procedure
1. Execute the machine lenguage program I (by CALL command of BASIC). 2. Execute LOAD “” (where (s the drive and the file names of the file you want ta merge.) 3. Execute the machine language program li (by CALL command cf BASIC.) Note: Perform steps 1, 2 and 3 in that order and do net perform any other operations between them. Even if the LOAD eperation cf step 2 has resu Ited in an errer, be sure ta per-for-m step 3.
:~1achineIanguage program I .::z’0:3A D5 Fi FE 01 30 28 JA 28 F0 32 CA F9 2A 65 :~i0:22 C8 F9 ED 5E 67 F8 B7 ED 52 2A 2C F0 20 03 L-....20~2804 14 20 01 iC ED 53 65 F8 7D 32 2B F0 C9 F0 28 03 21 23 F0 ES il Ce F9 01 03 00 ED 2~—0:EBEl 06 03 lA BE 77 28 01 OC 13 23 10 F6 79
•
F8 BD
21 B0 B7
:~E~’C85E 23 56 13 22 2B 28 72 2E 73 C9 ~ie ~C~3A •
language program li D5 Fi FE 01 30 22 3A 2B F0 32 C4 Fi 3A CA F9
:~C~32 28 F0 2A 65 F8 22 69 F8 2A C8 F9 22 55 F8 7D
:~7C:6C F5 80 67 22 C8 F9 18 20 21 lB F0 28 03 :;cC:F0 7E 32 C4 Fi 25 7E ES 7F 5F 28 56 ED 53 ~C:EB 21 C6 F9 01 03 00 ED B0 il 3C FE 21 Ce ~:Ø3 00 ED B0 21 C8 F9 AF 06 08 77 23 10 FC ::~F8
22 9E F8 3A C4 F1 32 Cl Fi CS
21 25 69 F8 F9 01
2A 69
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS Note: The starting addresses cf the programs I and K are “DOOOH” and “DO5CH”, respectively. Hawever, they can be placed in any other lccatians because they are relccatable. it would be useful if you save the pregrams in files by BSAVE command after load(ng them by POKE command.
5~1OSAV1NG AND LOADING THE RESERVE AREA You can save and load the contents of the RESERVE area te and from a file by using BSAVE and BLOAD commands.
(1) Saving the RESERVE area from the extension memory Extension memory
module in siot Si
Extension memory
None
Nane
None ar CE-1600M or
CE-1600M
CE-161
Saving procedure
module in slot S2
BSAVE “”,~»0,&C008,&C0C4
ar CE-161
OSAVE “”,#2,&8008,&80C4
None or CE-1600M or
CE-159 or CE-155
CE-161
CE-151
None
BSAVE “’,=0,&B008,&BOC4
CE-1600M or CE-161
None
BSAVE “’,=0,&8008,&80C4
I
BSAVE “”,#0,~0O8,&A0C4
(2) Saving the RESERVE area from the program modifie
J L
RESERVE area in the program module in slot Si
BSAVE “”~~0&8008~&B0Cjj
RESERVE area in the pragram module in slot S2
BSAVE ~
(3) Loading a ifie data into the RESERVE area (a) BLOAD “” This statement loads the data from the specified device and file into the same RESERVE area as saved in items (1) or (2) above. (b) BLOAD “”,,, This statement loads the data from the specified device and file into the specifieci memory
locations. The locations cf the RESERVE area are the same as described in items (1) and (2) above.
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.11 DISABLING THE KEY INTERRUPT DUE TO ON KEY STATEMENT If a function key is pressed for an INPUT command, the key operation is memorized as e key interrupt even if the key (s pressed after a KEY(n) STOP statement has been executed, and the key interrupt becomes effective when e KEY(n) ON statement is executed leter. Te avo(d e function key cperatian for an INPUT command from being accepted as an interrupt (that is, to disable e function key oper-atien for an INPUT command), execute the following unes: KEY(n) STOP
IN PUT command POKE &F1D4,PEEK(&F1D4) AND &C0 KEY(n) ON
.4 fl.4
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.12 CE-153 CONTROL UTILITY (FOR PC-1600) (1) Basic specifications The CE-153 control utility progr-am aliows the CE-153 (which is e peripheral device for PC-1500) te be used with the PC-1600. 1. The basic specificetions cf the utility program are the same as those of the utiiity program written for- PC-1 500 which cernes with CE-153, except for the foliowing points. Thus, if you went ta use a CE-153 application program written for PC-1500 for the PC-1600, you may need te change part cf the program according ta the foilcwing changes.
.
Differences
For PC-1500
For- PC-1600
When operating the keys on the CE-153, letters and numbers entered from the PC-1500 are stored into the variable Z$(0). This variable can centain up te 80 characters.
When eperating the keys on the CE-153, letters and numbers entered from the PC-1600 are stored intc the variable Y$. This variable can contain up to 16 characters.
2. As shown in the fcllowing memory maps, in the PC-1500, the CE-153 contraI utility program (written for PC-1500) (s loaded frorn the top of the RAM aree (i.e., in the m~chinelanguage area before the BASIC area). In the PC-1600, however, the utility program (written for PC-1600) (s Ioaded in .the middIe of the RAM erea (before the system work area and after the BASIC variables area).
PC-i 500
PC-1600
Address LOW
Address LOW
CE-153 control utility program
Bank O
Text BASIC area Variables
Text BASIC area
î
Variables
CE-153 control utility
t
prograrn
System work area
System work ares
rnuti
(2) Entering and saving the CE-153 control utHity program List A shows the dump Iist cf the CE-153 control utility prcgram. This util(ty pregram is written in the LH-5803 machine codes (n the relocatabie addressing structure. Enter and save the utiIity program (n the failowing procedure: 1. Execute: MODE OIENTER! 2. Reser-ve 1.2 KB of machine Ianguage area. Example: When no memcry module (s installed NEW “S0:”,1392IENTERI This statement reserves the machine language area cf 1200 (= 1392—192) bytes starting from COC6H.
-I O’~)
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS 3. Enter the codes cf list A by using POKE cornrnand. The following BASIC pregrem would be helpful te enter these cades. 10: A=&COC6 20: CURSOR 0,0: PRINT HEX$(A);: INPUT X 30: POKE A,X: A=A+1 40: GOTO2O (Te terminate the pregram, press the IBREAK Ikey.) 4. When the cades have been entered cornpletely, save the progr-am inta a cassette or disk. Example 1: Saving te e disk BSAVE “X:filename”, #0,&COC6,&C54F Exemple 2: Saving ta e cassette (through CE-1 600P) CSAVE M “fi ienarne”; #0,&COC6,&C54F Exemple 3: Saving ta e cassette (threugh CE-150 in MODE 1) MODE 1 CSAVEM “filename”; &40C6,&454F List A Memory address
0006—00
data
4A
00
000E—05 0006—C’D CODE—ES r0E6—ED COEE—F5 COF6—FD COFE—05 CI 06—00 010E—15 0116—ID ‘~11E—25 0126—20 012E—35 0134—3D
8E CA SA DC ED 48 GA 98 00 SA AE 03 89 0E
35 8E AS CC 78 01 FF F0 F0 08 77 88 15 40
0146—40’ 014E—55 01.54—50 015E—65
Fi i39
0A 21
013E—45
0164—60 016E—75
0176—70 ‘:17E—$5
09
52
05 8E A8
58 OA 20 0A ?A 03 F9 0$ 05
83 F0
83 .5’) 13E 7A 4:3 F0 48 4A F5
8E 134
85 6A 8E 68 4A CD A$ lE F0 F0 02
F0 05 22
SA 4’)
15
1,3 AS 05
07
SA 00 SA 00 21 :3.9 00 .56’ OA 9A 00 08
0106—DO
09
09
00
C I DE—E5 C1E6—ED CIEE—F5 11F6—FD
06
07
E6 09
E?
08 E’: E8 F0
C206—0D
0216—10 021E—25
I.~226—2D
09 06 09 16 09
022E—35
26
27
0236—30 023E—45
09
36
09
37
,::24E—55 0256—50
46 09 56
47 09
0186—80 018E—95
0196—90 Cl ‘9E—AS C1AG—AD
C1AE—65 0166—80
018E—OS 0106—00 010E—05
C1FE—05 C20E-1S
,::246—40 025E—63
0266—60
026E—75 0276--70 027E—$5 0286—80
78 Al 06
09 F6
09
:3E 0E
‘39 ,::D 4?
83
F0 F9
08 38 09
09
F? 09
07 1)~ 17 09
‘39
57
64 40 85 A6 85
F8 00 08 10
06
4A 78
01 SA
8E FC’
lI
F0 F5
CA
58
AE 06 ~4 01
48 A6
58 65 lE DA F0 ED 91
SA
F0 89 6E 88 80 00 F0
94 ED 80 1:3
0F
01
8F 10
80
89
8F
99 7E: 04 22 6E F0 8E 58 03 ED F9 F0 8E Cl 64
06 0F Fi F0 00 0$ DC’ 7? 59 78 83 2û
Dl
02
AC El 90 Fi
CC
85 98 76
C2 89
03
04
A?
E2
9E F2
82 02
:34 E3 91 F3
AA 03
21
95
85
60
38 4i3 48 50 58 8E :39 80 89 FF
96
:34 42 87’ 52 8F
6E 43 8F 53 A8 78 E:~) 00 E4 8’)
31
41 97 51 90 74 05 AE.
59 F0
14
F8 FD AE 08 2F F1 2F SA 00 SA 57 F0 8E 03 Al
28
3’)
F0 F0 8’) lE 0E 03 lE
23
15
A9 12 A8 22
18 20
9A
..9
F0
01 92 11 131
03 F0 GA 6F
9E
0F 8F
AD
.98 CA OA E6 04 85 52 AE F0 8’) 0F F0
32
48
85 7E: 8E AE
S’A 13 99
23 33
89
613 89 40 FI)
F0 01 F0 lA Al 04 A4 9A
E4
81 F4
80 04 89 14
9F 24
85
34
8E 44 A? 54 98
ED
AE 68 18 08
1:12 58 7B 8E .5E 08 ~A F0 SA lE 0F
6A FF 89 4E 04 02 40 4’) FF F0 02 0F 5ç~~ 0F 48 5A SA 88 CA AE
8E 05 A2
05
94 ES 90 F5
E:A 05 82 1-5
83 25 135 ~
AE
45
6? 55 98
78 78 F8
:39
FI)
OTHER FUNCTIONS NID PRECAUTIONS
uunœyau
C28E—95 C296—9D C29E—A5
S. *E 0D 88
--
80 FD 02
0F E9 FD
C2AS—AD C2AE—85 C296—BD C2BE—C5 C2C6—CD C2CE—D5 C2D6—DD C2DE—E5 C2E6—ED C2EE—F5 C2FS—FD C2FE—05 C306—0D C30E—15 C316—1D C3IE—25 C326-2D
06 2F 0E 04 2F BE *6 8E ED 81 TC 81 CC 81 2* 81 E9
FD 8E 01 AE 80 E4 88 FC 72 04 01 1? 7E 03 25 9E 72
*5 72 89 72 82 2C 04 ED 0E E9 88 EB EF *5 57 *3 0E
C346-4D C34E—55 C356—SD
82
2*
4E
C3?E—85
78
C32E—35 C336—3D C33E—45 C3SE—65 C366—6D C36E—?5 C3?6—?D C386—8D C38E—95 C396—9D C39E—A5
C3A6—AD C3AE—85 C386—BD
C3BE—C5 C3C6—CD C3CE—D5 C3D6—DD C3DE—ES C3E6—ED C3EE—F5 C3F6—FD CSFE—0S C406—CD C40E—I5 C416—ID C4IE—25 C426—2D C42E—35 C436—3D C43E—45 C446—4D C44E—55
ED 72 05 *5 6*
2E 9E 92 BD
08
0E 25 89 7F 8? 89 75 D9 *8 78 FD 85 4F 76 0F 88 60 78 *8 5* 74 *8 78 80 50
78 0F DD 72 4E
80 *8 74 0F *8 .83 9E 72 40 78 1D 78 78 78 FD 85 9F
E3 FE 8E 80
66 85 72 89
40 19 91 0* 83 23 2? 9E *8 FD
89
CD BD 08 9E 2F 89 EB CB 78 8* FD CC FD 80 6* 68 F8 92 ES 80 E9 89 78 CD lE 78
*5 04 89 3C 8E 23 78 09 75 *E C8 84 CA 83 19 06 8E 0* 78 8E 78 35 E9 8? lE 74
*8 25 BD 73 9E 68 ID FD *E FD 75 88 88 6C 00 DF 05 24 7? 78 20 01 38 00 81 ED
0E 99 0E 0F 4E
25 eo ED
9E
1C
FC oc 80
0E 83 ES 2F 8E 00 2? 0E 89 0E EF CD ?C ?D CE 80 68
FD oo 0F
88 2C 72 40 80 SA 85 01 35 FE 72 80 80 CD FD AE F8
AE 6* 03
33 ED 0E 89 8E 50 0E 82 FD ED OD FD25 8* 81 72 9E
80 03 89
6* 72 01 AC DD CD 9* 0E 60 78 01 *8 7F F0 F0 09 3*
92 48 2C 9E 82 88 CD AE 85 2E
0* 72 25 8* 4E 19 82 72 OD 6*
04 44 F2 68 4E 48 03 0F .9* 18
A? 09 0E 76 20 FE 9* 6* 25 8E
78 89 72 25 8? W 74 F9 6* 78 9E FD F0 DS AS F8 88 F9 8* DC 80 6* 78 20 SE 01
3D 7?
D9 9E
89 IC
01 *3 EF 75 12 88 SA 0* 78 *0 *2 BD 10 34 00 ES 00 81 FF 89
*5 78 2E 9* CC F0 CE E9 75 81 89 FF 85 58 ED 8E CD 2C 83 09
78
FD
ED
9E BD *5 71
F0
23 02 E0 BC
0F
25 29 02 40 75 72 *5 83 58 58 78 68 05 01 AE 40 78 78 78 ES 5E 14 ED
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
Memory address
data
02 SA E
89 02 C~-i
07 SA ~E
24
0E)
ES
76
88 8E:
RO 75
0E) lA
18
F5
8E: 99 65
4E F8 FF
B? B? E? 8? 15 1 0
05 47 2R
E:? 53 65
14 38
BD 03 15
C456—SD
7E:
SA
C45E—65 ~t~—bD
EE: ~
78 6E
C4SE—75
59
C476—7D C4TE—85
0E 18 OC
C4:3E—95
C496—90 849E—AS
5
E
-~
C4AE—85 C4BE—C5
C$C8—CD C4CE—D5
8E
C4D6—DD 840E—ES C4E6—ED C4EE—F5
18 85
C4FE—05 C506—0D 850E—15 8516—iD
81) 08 CD
C4FG—FD
851 E—25 C526—2D CS2E-35 8536—3D 853E—45 8545—4E) 854E—4F
OC 6E 02
Dli
UA
AS F6 FD FD EO
74
5H
50 :3:3 27 8E FF
81 04 lE
87
0E)
lE) 8? 81 F~ 02 F6 8E
13
54
EB
5E DO 98
61 34 CF
81 SA 9E
08 B~3 Al
‘34
83
4F
4A
0:3
25
ES
78
05
.34 1R ?B SA lA lA 00
8?
SA 84 0F 68 FD FE)
2A 0E)
OC’
!8 bD 63 07 2R lA
EE 8E E 6F 86 71
71 78 £ 67 B? 5E
8E: 0E) 18 F: 85 FD 37
35 8E FD l~ 0E) OR :3E
87 24 A$ 48E FD 78
u
FD 44 1E :38 78
65
6E
6E 1 8 3R 0E 88 86
28
6E ~ 40 8E FD ES
98 3E
E?
FE) 01
18 F5
3? !1E
5E 4’)
FE 8E
56 EE) 4’.3 03 60 8A 76 ;A OR 02 lA 72
9E 78 76 40 CD EF AS ~ 48 68 FE) 8A
0E) SA 4A 91 24 8E FD
FD
IR
SE
00 20 ‘lA EF
(3) Loading the CE-153 controt utility program ‘1. 2. 3. 4.
Turn off the power of the PC-1600 main unit, then remove alt memory modules. Connect CE-150 to the PC-1600 main unit. Turn on the power ofthe PC-1600 main unit. Set the PC-1600 in the RUN mode, and execute the following commands: MODE1 A=1200 CALL &2DD,A
(These commands reserve a memory area in which the utility program is loaded.) 5. Connect the cassette tape recorder to the PC-1600, set the cassette tape containing the utility program., and execute the following statement. CLOADM XPEEK&7035*256+XPEEK&7034—32768 Now the utility program has been loaded in memory. The loaded program witi be destroyed if you do ALL RESET. Now, turn off the power of the PC-1600 and install the necessary memory modules.
(4) Executing the CE-153 contro~utilîty program 1. Execute the following statement: XCALL (XPEEK&7035*256+XPEEK&7034—32768)
This statement is equivalent to the statement CALL &40C6 of the CE-153 control utiRt~/~r~~ram written for PC-1500.
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS 2. Special usage 1 of software keybaard (See CE-153 INSTRUCTION MANUAL.) XCALL (XPEEK&7035*256+XPEEK&7034—32768)+4
3. Special usage 2 of software keybaard (See CE-153 INSTRUCTION MANUAL.) XCALL (XPEEK&7035 * 256+XPEEK&7034—32768) +8 Nates 1: Yau must specify e character display pasition by CURSOR command befare you run the utility pragram. Exemple: 100: CURSOR 0,0: XCALL &6B50 2: Characters entered fram the software keyboard are always displayed an the third line (battom une) of the screen. Therefore, CURSOR command is effective only ta the X coordinate value. 3: When the software keyboard is in use, the cursar display is always an andthe cursor type is the twa-character composite cursor (an underline and a space).
5.13 RST COMMANDS 0F SC-7852 (Z-80) Some of the RST commands af Z-80 are open to the user. These commands are used ta jump to a system work area. (When the system is in the reset stete, RET cammand is written in the system work areas.) A system wark area of 3 bytes is prepared far each user RST command. By writing e JP instruction into these three bytes, the user cen maye cantrol ta an arbitrary routine.
RST command
Description
RST 00K RST 08H
System reset c..
~
Reserved by SHARP
RST 10H
Reserved by SHARP
RST 18H
Reserved by SHARP
RST 20H
IOCS for inter-bank call
RST 28H
Reserved by SHARP
RST 30H
JP FOD4H
Open ta user
RST 38H
JP FOD7H
Open to user
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.14 SC-7852 (Z-80) AND LH-5803 MICROPROCESSORS (1) Switch~ngthe rn~croprocessors The PC-1600 has twa main CPUs: SC-7852 and LH-5803. The system uses ane of the twa CPUs at a time: when one is in the operation state, the other is in the non-operation state. Usually the system uses SC-7852 (Z-80) as the main CPU. Far contrai of a peripheral device far PC-1500 or for executian of a pragram written in the LH-5803 machine language, the CPU is switched ta LH-5803.
(2) How to cail an LH~58O3machine ~anguage program subrouthie from SC-7852 To cali an LH-5803 machine language program from SC-7852, use the foliowing IOCS routine.
CALLH Entry Address
01C6H
Function
Move controt from SC-7852 to an LH-5803 machine Ianguage program subroutine. When the pragram execution is comp~éted,control returns to SC-7852.
Parameter
Set the parameters in the appropriete eddresses as described in the foUowing table.
Name
Address*1
CMDZ
FOO2H (7002H)
Operation mode*2
PARA
FOO5H (7005H)
Value to be passed to A register of LH-5803
PARXL
FOO6H (7006K)
Value to be passed to XL register of LH-5803
~
FOO7H (7007H)
Value to be pessed to XH register of LH-5803 ~
~
FOO8H (7008H)
Value to be passed ta YL register af LH-5803
FOO9H (7009H)
Value ta be passed ta YH register of LH-5803
~
FOOAH (700AH)
Value ta be passed ta UL register of LH-5803
FOOBH
Value ta be passed ta UH register of LH-5803
~
(700BH)
I
~
FOOCH (700CH)
Entry address af a called subrautine (low byte)*3
~
FOODH (700DH)
Entry address of a called subroutine (high byte)*3
FOOEH (700EH)
Bank of a called subrautine*4
PARXH PARYL PARYH PARUL PARUH
PARPCL PARPCH PARBAN
Contents
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS *1: The eddresses are thase viewed fram SC-7852. Those enclased in brackets are the addresses viewed from LH-5803. *2: CMDZ (operatian made) must be either 20H or 30H. CMDZ=20H: When contraI is maved ta LH-5803, na parameters are passed ta the registers of LH-5803. =30H: When contraI is moved to LH-5803, the values set in PARA to PARUH (i.e., FOO5H ta FOOBH) are passed ta the registers of LH-5803. *3: The entry address must be an address viewed from LH-5803. *4: PARBAN=OOH: ~V =O1H: PV Return
When the LH-5803 machine language subroutine is campleted and contraI returns ta SC-7852, the contents of the LH-5803’s registers are stored in memary. When the operation mode is CMDZ~20H
Contents
Address FOO5H
Content af A register of LH-5803
FOO4H
Content af STATUS(T) register of LH-5803
When the aperation made is CMDZ=30H Address FOO5H FOO4H
Affected Register
5.15
Contents Content of A register af LH-5803
1 Content of STATUS(T) register of LH-5803
FOO6H
Content of XL reg ister of LH-5803
FOO7H
Content of XH register of LH-5803
FOO8H
Content of YL register of LH-5803
FOO9H
Content of YH register of LH-5803
FOOAH
Content of UL register of LH-5803
FOOBH
Content af UH register of LH-5803
Alt registers
COMPATIBILITY WITH PC-1500
The BASIC interpreter of PC-1600 is basically compatible with pragrams writteri for PC-1 500/PC-1 500A and compatible with peripherat devices far PC-1 500/PC-1 500A, although there are same restrictions.
OTHER FUNCT~ONSAND PRECAUTIONS
(1) Restrieflons [n running a BAS~C program wrïtten for PC-1500!
PC-1500A To run a BASIC pragram written for PC-1 500/PC-1500A in the same conditions (such as the single flne display) as when run an PC-1500/PC-1500A, set the PC-1600 in MODE 1 before executing the ::‘~gram. use the PC-1600 in MODE 1, the foliowing conditions must be satisfied: RAM module af more than 16 KB must not be installed in stot 1 and any RAM module must flot be instalted in slat 2. Hawever, if a RAM module is used as a RAM disk, CE-1600M can be ~nstatledin siot 1 and CE-1600M or CE-161 can be instaiied in siot 2. In this case, the formatting of e RAM disk (INIT ‘~Sn:”,”F”)must be dane in MODE 0. Some BASIC cammand names are different between PC-1600 and PC-1 500/PC-1 500A.
PC-1 500/PC-1500A command names
PC-1600 command names
LCURSOR
TAB
Li N E
LU NE
CALL
XCALL
POKE
XPOKE
PEEK
XPEEK
POKE#
XPOKE#
PEEK#
XPEEK#
~ When you enter a BASIC program text written for PC-1500/PC-1500A fram the keyboard, change zne command names as described abave.
•
i
When you Iaad a BASIC pragram written for PC-1 500/PC-1500A fram a cassette tape recarder, PC-1500/PC-1500A command names are automaticaliy rewritten ta the corresponding ~C-i600 command names, except for LCURSOR. In this case, after loading the program, rewrite ..CURSOR” ta “TAB”. -.~inga BASIC program written far PC-1 500/PC-1 500A from a cassette tape recorder .~henthe CE-150 or CE-162E cassette interface is used, you can load a program. .~nenthe CE-1600P cassette interface is used, you can iaad a program in the MODE 1 but you cennot load data. • ‘E command e PC-1500/PC-1500A BASIC, yau can speci~TIME=0. In the PC-1600 BASIC, hawever, TIME=0 -esult in an errar. e e-et new reserved wards (NAME, AS, XOR, etc.) have been added ta the PC-1600 BASIC. If ~vordsare used as a variable name in a PC-1500/PC-1500A BASIC pragram, change thom ta e- non-reserved words. ~se of the work areas far the BASIC interpreter is different between the PC-1500/PC-1500A 2 :nd the PC-1600 BASIC. Because of this, a PC-1500/PC-1500A BASIC program including a :C language program may not run properly on the PC-1600. e PC-1 500A memory area from 7CO1H to 7FFFH is used as the system work area in the PC-1600. e PC-1 500A BASIC program using any memory locations between 7CO1H and 7FFFH cannot ~hePC-1600. ~-ayvariable cannat be used for the assignment variable of an INPUT statement which is ta be -~‘-edta CE-158. -~
•
‘
•
•
-.
-~
--
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
(2) Restrictions in using a peripheral device for PC-1500/PC-1500A 1. RAM module The fallawing RAM modules can only be installed in the memory slots. Memory slot 1: CE-1600M, CE-161, CE-159, CE-155, CE-151 Memory slot 2: CE-1600M, CE-161 2. CE-150, CE-158, CE-162E • Use in MODE O a) LLIST, CSAVE, CLOAD, CSAVEM and CLOADM cannat be executed ta these peripherel devices. b) If a command with a variable other than a fixed variable specified in the operand is executed ta these peripheral devices, the cammand will result in enerror. Far instance, LPRINT Al this cammand wilI result in an error. Change thi~ta the fallawing: A=A1 LPRINT A c) TERMINAL and DTE cammands cannat be used ta CE-158. • Use in MODE 1 Execution of e cammend ta CE-150, CE-158, or CE-162E is effective anly in the scope supported • in the PC-1500/PC-1500A BASIC. For instance, LPRINT TIME$ this command wilI result in an error since TIME$ is flot supported in the PC-1500/PC-1500A BASIC. 3. CE-153 For the use of CE-153, see section 5.12 “CE-153 CONTROL UTILITY”. The utility program which cornes with CE-153 cannot be used on the PC-1600. 4. Differences between CE-150 and CE-1600P • Since the printable area is different between these printers, the format of the printaut may differ. (Yau can change the printirig area by PCONSOLE “LPTl :“ cammand and PAPER command.) • CE-150 has two remote contraI terminaIs, while CE-1600P has only one.
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PREÇ~AUTIONS
5~16PRECAUT~ONSFOR APPL!CAT~ONPROGRAM DEVELOPMENT The IOCS routines covered in this manual will flot be changed even when the system software is revised in the future. Therefore, when you develap e machine language program far the PC-1600, it is recommended ta write it using the fOCS calis. There are e couple af versions of PC-1600 BASIC interpreters and they are different in the minor specifications. When yau develop a program using the BASIC, keep the following rules so that the program yau meke can be compatible with aIl these versions. (1)
US~NGformat
Ta print a numeric value in the exponent format using a USING specification, the number of characters specifying the exponent part must be 2. Example: USING “##.####A”
(2) ~NPUT“”; statement Avoid the end of the message being displayed at the right mast column on the~screen.
(3) ~NPUTstatement Ta specify an input position far an INPUT statement by CURSOR statement, execute a CURSOR staternent before each INPUT statement. Exemple: 100: CURSOR 10,1 110: INPUT “A=”;A 120: CURSOR 10,1 130: INPUT “B=”;B
If an arrey variable or @ is used for the assignment variable of INPUT statement, the subscript must not be specified by an expression that includes a string.
(4) Addition of string data When adding string items, each item must not consist of a function that cantains a string constant. For instance, B$=”ABC”+STR$ LEN”XYZ” should be written in the follawing two fines: A$=STR$ LEN”XYZ” B$= “ABC”+A$
(5)
UNE
statement
When a LINE statement is given with the dot taggle parameter af X and the option B, the corners of e box may flot be displayed on or off properly.
I ni
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
(6) WAKE$(O) statement To disable the wakeup function by using an WAKE$(0)=” Example: 100: A=LEN ALARM$ 110: WAKE$(0)=” 120: IF A=0 LET A=A: ALARM$=”
“
statement, do as fallows:
In this exemple, the program checks whether the alarm functian is on before executing WAKE$(0)= After execution of WAKE$(0)=” the pragram resets the alarm function. “.
“,
(7) CALL When a CALL statement is executed with a string variable, if the machine Iangu~geprogram is ta pass a nuIl string back ta the string variable when returning ta the calling BASIC program, the nuIl string must be expressed as a 00H code of length 1.
(8) XCALL statement If you want to give a parameter of XCALL statement by e variable, use a fixedor a simple variable only.
(9) DIM statement When declaring e two-dimensional array variable, the subscript must flot exceed 254.
(10) LUNE/RUNE statement (to CE-1600P) When executing a LLINE or RUNE statement, be sure ta specify a line type.
(11) CSIZE statement (to CE-1600P) If you change the cheracter size ta e larger one by CSIZE statement when the printer is in the text mode and the pen is at a position other than the left end, ensure the correct pen position by executing the appropriete LCURSOR statement.
(12) PZONE “LPTl :“ statement (to CE-1600P) In the text mode, when you specify a print zone Iength by e PZONE “LPTl:” statement, the zone Iength (characters per zone) must be given such e value that an integer multiple of the zone Iength equals the current Iine length (characters per line).
(13) PCONSOLE “LPTI :“ statement (to CE-1600P) When a left margin has been set by a PCONSOLE “LPTl :“ statement, if the number af characters ta be printed on a fine is less than or equel ta the value shown in the table below, you must append ta the characters as many spaces as the total number of characters includiig these spaces becomes that value plus 1 before performing CR+LF operation.
Character size
Na. of characters
CSIZE 1
3
CSIZE2ta5
1
i
n’~
OTHER FUNCTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS
(14) LET statement Do not use a LET statement ta assign a value ta e system variable (TIME, TIME$, DATE$, ALARM$, WAKE$). Exemple: LET TIME=102513.45 (Not atlowed)
.4 nr~
3.
CHAPTER 6 WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC I~..
t,
s~’.
I 1û~
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC
6.1 OVERVIEW 0F WORK AREA The PC-1600 uses a wark area af 4 KB, from F000H ta FFFFH of bank O viewed from SC-7852 (or fram 7000H to 7FFFH viewed from LH-5803). The work aree cansists mainly of five blacks from black A ta black E as shown in the table belaw. Block Address (viewed name from SC-7852) F000H
Contents (Z-80 address)
Address (viewed. from LH-5803) 7000H
FO5CH F1B2H F21DH A
F31DH F3C7H
IOCS work lnterpreter work I .
Edit buffer (256 bytes) Interpreter work II Default FCB (313 bytes)
F500H F5FFH
75FFH
F600H
7600H ~
Z-80 stack area (256 bytes) Same usage as for PC-l 500/PC-1500A display area I PC-1500/PC-1500A F650H Fixed variables area (E$ to 0$) F700H
D
C
D E
F7FFH
77FFH
F800H
7800H
FBFFH
7BFFH
FCOOH
7COOH
F750H
7FFFH
Fixed variables area (P$ ta Z$)
Same wark area and usage as for PC-15001 PC-1500A FCBOH
FF2OH FF21 H FFFFH
PC-1 500/PC-1 500A display area II
RAM file wark lnterpreter work ffi
Reserved by system
Blocks A ta E are used for the fallowing purposes. Block A: This black is used far the fOCS, interpreter, defauft FCB, and Z-80 stack. (Extended for PC-1600) Block B: This black is used in the same way as for PC-1500/PC-1500A, and consists of twa parts: • PC-1500/PC-1500A display memary space area • Fixed variables (E$ ta Z$) erea Biock C: This black is used in the same way es for PC-1 500/PC-1 500A, and consists of five parts: • LH-5803 stack area F800H ta F84FH • Fixed variables area: A ta Z F900H to F9CFH A$toD$ F8COHtoF8FFH • Arithmetic operation work FAOOH to FA37H • Buffers: String buffer FB1OH ta FB5FH Output buffer FB6OH ta FBAFH Input buffer FBBOH ta FBFFH • lnterpreterwork Block D: This black is used for the RAM file work, etc. (Extended far PC-1600) Block E: PC-1600 system reserved area, which will be used by CE-1FO1A (barcode pen reader software) I
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC Note: Since the black C is used in the same way as for PC-1500/PC-1500A, bear the fallawing points in mmd. • A 2-byte data is written in the order of the high byte and the low byte. • The addressing uses an address viewed from LH-5803 (the MSB of almost aIl LH-5803 addresses is “0”.) Thus, when viewed fram SC-7852, the MSB of each address is inverted.
6~2EXPANSION 0F WORK AREA AND BUFFER The standard work area af PC-1600 is from F000H ta FFFFH, however, it can be expanded ta the lower
eddress direction (down ta C000H) in the fallawing cases: • When a peripheral device is connected • When a buffer is explicitly expended by the appropriate cammand 1)
Connection of a peripheral device
ren e peripheral device is connected ta the PC-1600, the pragram (ROM) ta control the device is ~oped as shown in figure (a) and is laeded into the expanded work area as shown in figure (b). Fig. (a) Bank 0
1
2
3
4
EXDEV1
EXROM2
EXROM3 (CE-1FO1A)
(CE-1 600P)
EXDEV8
EXROM9
EXROMA
EXROM4
EXROME (CE-1 600P)
30H
--
~~1
(Bank
and address v~ewedfrom SC-7852)
1 Q7
5
6
7
EXROM5
EXROM6
EXROM7
EXROMD
EXROME
(CE-l 600F)
EXROMC
(CE-1600P)
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC 1)
Fig.(b)
C000H
Variables
‘t
XXOOH PTRGt> File buffer PTRF t>
Communication buffer
PTRE>
•......A buffer whose size je determined by the number of files (n) specified by MAXFILES stotement (313 X n bytes) is reserved here. When the buffer size is specified by INIT ‘COMn:” statement, the buffer is
reserved here. Work area for EXROME
PTRD t> Work area for EXROMD PTRC t~ Work area for EXROMC PTRBt>
Work ares for EXROMB PTRA t> Work area for EXROMA PTR9 t> Work ares for EXROM9 P1118 t> Work area for EXROM8 PTR7>
Work areas for 14 ROM areas shown in figure la)
Work area for EXRaM7
PTR6> Work area for EXROM6 Work area for CE-1600F (1,065
P1115 I>
Work area for EXROM5
.
PTR4 t>
bytes)
Work area for EXROM4
PTR3 t> Work area for EXROM3
.
Work ares for CE-1FO1A
PTR2 t> Work area for EXROM2 PTR1 t> Work area for EXROM1 F000H Standard work area
FFFFH
As shown in figure (a), there ~re 14 memory blacks for the peripheral devices (8 KB per black). The following five blacks among these 14 blacks are used for particuler peripheral devices: EXROM3: Used for CE-1 FO1A EXROM5: Used for CE-1600F EXROM4: Used far CE-1600P (The wark area is flot expanded even when CE-1600P is EXROMB: connected. It uses the standard work aree.) EXROMC: The other nine memory blacks are reserved far future peripheral devices.
(2) Reserving and releasing the work areas and buffers 1. Work When the PC-1600 is ail-reset or reset or powered on, if there is e peripherel device cannected, the relevant work area is reserved. The reserved work area is released when you pawer off the PC-1600 and remove the peripheral device and power on again. Hawever, the work arees for EXROM3 and EXROMA are released when the PC-1600 is ail-reset or when the wark areas are released expiicitly by using the appropriate commands.
.4 f,
n
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC 2. Buffer Expanding command
Releasing command ALLRESETj
Communication buffer INIT “COMn:”, m (m80) File buffer
MAXFILES=m (m1)
~
Po~~~oN
INIT “COMn:”, O
Released
Released
Released
MAXFILESO
Released
j Maintained
Maintained
(3) Pointers to point the work areas and buffers (PTR1 to PTRG in figure (b) above) Each pointer points ta the starting address of the relevant work area, which is stored in the standard work area. The following table shows the pointers and the standard wark area locations where the
ontents of each pointer are stored (the address data are stared in the order af the low address byte ~nd the high address byte.) Pointer name
Locations
Pointer name
Locations
Pointer name
Locations
PTR7
FO3C, 3DH
PTRE
FO4A, 4BH
FO3E 3FH
PTRF
FO4C 4DH
F040, 41H
PTRG
FO4E, 4FH
PTR1
F030 31H
PTR8
PTR2
F032, 33H
PTR9
F034, 35H
PTRA
F042, 43H
PT~4
F036, 37H
PTRB
F044, 45H
r~TR5
F038, 39H
PTRC
F046, 47H
PTR6
FO3A, 3BH
PTRD
F048, 49H
PTR3
•
•
can check whether or nat the work erea for a particular peripheral device or e buffer is reserved in ~e~oHowingmethod: First, read the content of the pointer for the wark area or buffer cancerned, and ~cthe content of the pointer far the work area or buffer which is reserved (at the higher adjacent ~r~ess) next ta the former work area or buffer (if you want ta check EXDEV1, use F000H.) Then, are the contents af these twa pointers. if they are different, the wark area or buffer concerned is ar~ed.if they are the same, it is nat reserved.
~Work area for EXROM3 work area is used far CE-1 FO1A (the barcode pen reader software). If CE-1 FO1A is flot cannected, ~art use this memary area as a machine language pragram area.
raserve
Set A=(size ta be reserved), then execute: CALL &O2DD,A
-eease
Set A=0 then execute: CALL &O2DD,A
ariables area ~es area is reserved in the memary locations lower than xxOOH, next ta the file buffer. The ocatians from xxOOH ta the beginning of the file buffer is flot used. ~e variables area is reserved in units af 256 bytes, reservation or expansion af work areas and ~•cesflot cause the user area (program and variables areas) ta be reduced simply by that
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC
6.3 WORK AREA MAP The following shows the work area map used far the BASIC. Name
Address
Contents
FO2D
FBNO
MAXALES value
FO4C F04D
FBBP FBBP
Communication buffer start address (L) Communication buffer start address (H)
FO4E FO4F
FCBPTR FCBPTR
FCB buffer start address (L) FCB buffer start address (H)
FO5C
DSPLPTR
LCD display start fine
FO5D
LCDWK1
LCD work area 1 Bit 0: LCD made (fixed ta “0”) Bit 2: Character generator mode (“0” PC-1600, “1 “=PC-l 500) Bit 3: ContraI characters (“O”=Nat displayed, “1 “=Displayed) Bit 4: Cursor blinking speed (“O”=slow, ‘1 “=fast)
FO5E
LCDWK2
LCD work area 2 Bit 0: Cursor blinking work area Bit 1: Interrupt request mask far LCD
FO5F
CRSRY
Cursor X coordinate
F060
CRSRX
Cursor Y coordinate
F061 F062
CTRCGA CTRCGA
Start address (L) of CG table far contrai characters Start address (H) of CG table for contrai characters
F063
CRTCGB
Bank number of CG table for control characters
F064 F065
UPACGA UPACGA
Start address (L) of CG table far character cades fram 80H ta FFH Start address (H) of CG table far character codes from 80H ta FFH
F066
UPACGB
Bank number of CG table far character does from 80H ta FFH
F067
CRSRST
Cursor type “00H” =Cursor display off “O1H”=Underline cursar “02H”=Square cursor “03H” =Space cursor
F068
CBLCTR
Cursor blinking counter
F079
KEYWK1
Key work area 1 Bit 1: Clicking sound (“O”=OFF, “l”=ON) Bit 2: Repeat (“O”=OFF, “l”=ON) Bit 3: Repeated key (“O”=Other than special keys, “l”=Ail keys) Bit 4: Repeat delay time (“O”=’l sec., “1”=0.8 sec.) Bit 5: Bit6: Bit 7: Key code conversion (“O”=ON, “l”=OFF)
FO7A
KEYWK2
Key work area 2
FO7B
KEYWK3
Key wark area 3
F182H
PITCHX
Character pitch value af PITCH command
F183H
PITCHY
Line spacing value of PITCH command
1
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC Address
[
Name
Contents
F184H
COLORP
Bits O ta 3: Pen color of plotterfprinter Bits 4 ta 7: Must not be changed
F185H
WIDTH
Characters per une
F187H
FLAGA
Bit 0: Fixed ta 1 Bits 1 to 4: Must not be changed Bits 5 and 6: Line-feed code specification bit6 = “1” and bitS = “1”: LF bit6 = “1” and bit5 = “0”: CR+LF bit 6 = “0” and bit 5 = “1”: CR
F188H F189H
CUSZL CUSZH
Scissoring counter (L) Scissoring caunter (H)
F18FH F19OH
SZXRL SZXRH
X direction right end scissoring area (L) X direction right end scissoring area (H)
F191H F192H
SZXL SZXH
X direction left end scissaring area (L) X direction left end scissoring area (H)
F194H
INZONE
Pen position (Number of characters counted from the left end)
F88FH
OUTPUT BUFFER POINTER
Pointer for the autput buffer
F890H
FOR POINTER
Stack pointer for FOR...NEXT
FB91H
GOSUB POINTER
Pointer far GOSUB
F894H
STRING BUFFER POINTER
Pointer for the string buffer
F895H
US1NG F/F
USING format (contrai of decimal point and comma)
F896H
USING M
Integer part af USING
F897H F898H
USING & USING m
F899H
VARIABLE POINTER H
F89AH
VARIABLE POINTER L
F89BH
ERL
F89CH
CURRENT LINE H
F89DH
CURRENT LINE L
F89EH
CURRENTTOPH
F89FH
CURRENTTOPL
F8A6H
SEARCH ADDRESS H
F8A7H
SEARCH ADDRESS L
F8A8H
SEARCH LINE H
F8A9H
SEARCH LINE L
F8AAH
SEARCHTOPH
F8ABH
SEARCHTOPL
USING for string Decimal point of USING Pointer far variables Error number of the error occurred Current program line number
Start address of the pragram af the current fine
Address af the fine faund in the search operatian
Line number 0f the fine found after the search operation L________________________________________________
~Start address of the program black searched
o-
o o ‘s Q,
o
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC Name
Address
Contents
F8ACH
BREAK ADDRESS H
F8ADH
BREAK ADDRESS L
F8AEH
BREAK LINEH
F8AFH
BREAK LINEL
F8BOH
BREAK TOP H
F8B1H
BREAKTOPL
F8B2H
ERROR ADDRESS H
F8B3H
ERROR ADDRESS L
F8B4H
ERROR LINE H
F8B5H
ERROR LINE L
F8B6H
ERROR TOP H
F8B7H
ERRORTOPL
F8B9H F8BAH
r J.
Address where the break accurred
Line number where the break occurred
Start address of the program black where the break accurred
Address where the error accu rred .
Line number where the error occurred 2
Start address of the program black where the error accurred .
ON ERROR ADDRESS H
F8B8H
L
Address ta which control jumps when an errar accurs
ON ERROR ADDRESS L ONERRORLINEH
Line number to which contraI jumps when an error occurs
F8BBH
ON ERROR LINE L
F8BCH
ON ERROR TOP H
F8BDH
ON ERROR TOP L
F8CO-F8CF
ADOLAR
F8DO-F8DF
BDOLAR
F8EO-F8EF
CDOLAR
Content of variable B$ Content of variable C$
F8FO-F8FF
DDOLAR
Content af variable D$
F900-F907
AVAR
Content of variable A
F908-F9OF
BVAR
Content of variable B
F910-F917
CVAR
Content of variable C
F918-F91 F
DVAR
Content of variable D
F920-F927
EVAR
Content af variable E
F928-F92F
FVAR
Content of variable F
F930-F937
GVAR
Content af variable G
F938-F93F
HVAR
Content af variable H
F940-F947
IVAR
Content of variable f
F948-F94F
JVAR
Content of variable J
F950-F957
KVAR
Content of variable K
‘
Start address of the program black where the error occurred L______________________________________________
Content of variable A$
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC Address
Name
Contents
F958-F95F
LVAR
F960-F967
MVAR
Content of variable M
F968-F96F
NVAR
Content ai variable N
F970-F977
OVAR
Content of variable O
F978-F97F
PVAR
Content ai variable P
F980-F987
QVAR
Content af variable Q
F988-F98F
RVAR
Content ai variable R
F990-F997
SVAR
Content ai variable S
F998-F99F
TVAR
Content of variable T
F9AO-F9A7
UVAR
Content ai variable U
F9A8-F9AF
VVAR
Content ai variable V
F9BO-F9B7
WVAR
Content ai variabfe W
F9B8-F9BF
XVAR
Content of variable X
F9CO-F9C7
YVAR
Content of variable Y
F9C8-F9ÇF
ZVAR
Content of variable Z
F9D1H
OPN DV
Specificatian ai peripheral device
F9EOH
•
USER COUNTER XH .~.
F9E1H
j_USER COUNTER XL
F9E2H
USER COUNTER YH
F9E3H
USER COUNTER YL
F9E4H
SCISSORING COU NTER YH
F9E5H
SCISSORING COU NTER YL
F9E6H
ABSOLUTE POSSITION X
F9E7H
SCISSORING COUTNER XL
Content of variable L
Counter ta specify the pen position X coardinate
Counter to speciiy the pen position Y coordinate
Scissoring counter for Y direction
X direction absolute position counter
Scissoring counter far X direction
F9E8H
SCISSORING COUTNER XH
F9EAH
UNE TYPE
Line type
F9EBH
DOT LINE COUNTER
Datted-line counter
F9ECH
UP/DOWN
Pen up/down state
F9EDH
X MOTOR HOLD COUNTER
X mator hold counter
F9EEH
PORT C
Current motor phase
o ‘n
o o s, ‘s
o
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC Address
Contents
Name
F9EFH
Y MOTOR HOUD COUNTER
Y mator hald counter
F9FOH
GRAPH/TEXT
Printer mode specification (“255”=Graphics mode, “0” =Text mode)
F9F2H
ROTATE
Printing direction specification
F9F3H
COUOR
Color specification
F9F4H
CSIZE
Print character size specification
F9EOH F9E1H
ABSXU ABSXH
Pen physical position in X direction (U) Pen physical position in X direction (H)
F9E2H F9E3H
OVRXL OVRXH
X direction scissoring caunter (U) X direction scissoring counter (H)
F9E4H F9E5H
OVRYL OVRYH
Y direction scissoring counter (U) Y direction scissaring counter (H)
F9E6H F9E7H
SZMYL SZMYH
—Y direction scissoring area (L) —Y direction scissoring area (H)
F9E8H F9E9H
SZPYU SZPYH
+Y direction scissoring area (U) +Y direction scissaring area (H)
F9EAH
SRXL
F9EBH
SRXH
Pen position X coordinate in graphics mode wherethe coordinate origin is speciiied by SORGN (Range: —4069 ta +4069. A negative value is expressed as a complement ai 2.) (U) Pen position X coardinate in graphics mode where the coordinate origin is speciiied by SORGN (Range: —4069 to +4069. A negative value is expressed as e complement of 2.) (H)
F9ECH F9EDH
SRYU SRYH
Same as SRXU except this is for Y coordinate Same as SRXH except this is for Y coordinate
F9EFH
MODE
Plotter/printer made Bit 0: “O”=Text mode, “l”=Graphics made Bit 1: “O”=Cur sheet, “1 “=RoII paper Bits 2 ta 4: Must flot be changed Bit 5: “0”=Printer ready, “1 “=Printer not ready Bit 6: “O”=Pen flot in exchange state “l”=Pen in exchange state Bit 7: “O”=The printer hardware is flot initialized. “1 “=The printer hardware is initialized.
F9F4H
CHR
oo o ‘o
Value set by ROTATE statement Bits4to7: ROTATEOta3 Bits O ta 3: DIRECTION (pen movement) O ta 3
L) o
o
F9F5H
CSIZEP
Value set by CSIZE statement BitsOta3: CSIZE1to9 Bits 4 and 5: Must flot be changed Bit 6: Fixed ta “0” Bit 7: Fixed ta “0”
F9F6H
UINE
Une type Bitsoto3: Uinetypeoto9 Bits 4 ta 7: Must flot be changed
F9F7H
ZONE
Value set by PZONE statement
‘s Q, ‘s
WORK AREA USED FOR BASIC Name
Address PWORK
F9F8H
Contents Special work area Bit 0: “1 “=For LLIST, the Iist is printed in characters of the special size. “0”=Normal mode
pen is flot Iifted up after an LLINE or RLINE statement is executed. (This state is given when Une type “20” is specified in an LUNE or RLINE statement.) “0” =Norma) mode Fixed to “0” Must not be changed “1”=The pen is flot moved when paper is fed by the L key. “0”=Normal mode “1”=The scissoring in the -v direction is not performed when the printer is in the graphics mode and roli paper is used. “O”=Normal mode Fixed to “0”
Bit 1: “1”=The
Bit 2: Bit 4: Bit 5: Bit 6:
Bit 7:
t
F9FFH
LOCK
FBOOH
RNDNUMBER
FBO1H
RNDNUMBER
FBO2H
RND NUMBER
FBO3H
RNDNUMBER
FBO4H
RNDNUMBER
FBO5H
RNDNUMBER
FBO6H
RND NUMBER
FBO7H
[
LOCKItJNLOCK specification
For generation of a random number
RND NUMBER
E. II. I *1
r~nr
CHAPTER 7 PC~1600 HARDWARE j:. $~1.
~
~ ‘)n7
PC-1600 HARDWARE The PC-1600 has three CPUs and a large memory, hawever, it has been made very compact with use af a gate array and e ane-chip CPU. The fallawing black diagram shows the PC-1600 hardware architecture. This chapter describes the details ai each hardware camponent of the PC-1600. PC-1600 Wock diagram
s Y s T E
M B
u s
s L
o
T
1
s L
o T
2
o R 2 3
2 c
7.1 CPU The PC-1600 has three CPUs: twa main CPUs and one sub-CPU. The two main CPUs are SC-7852 (equivalent to Z-80A: 3.58 MHz dock) and LH-5803 (equivalent ta LH-5801: 1.3 MHz dock). The sub-CPU is LU-57813P, which is a 4-bit CMOS pracessar af 307.2 KHz dock.
7.1.1 Specifications of SC-7852 SC-7852 has been deveIaped speciafly far PC-1600 and contains a Z-80A equivalent circuitry and interfaces. (1) InternaI block diagram SC-7852 is e one-chip CPU cansisting af a Z-80A equivalent circuitry and interfaces.
r5r~c)
v
PC-1600 HARDWARE
k. SC-7852 Internai Biock Diagram
MAIN CPU 2
Z-80 BUS
LH-5803
I I Keyboard Buzzer Cassette
Ii:. I,
t. I J
t -t».
Timer RS232d System bus
Main unit RAM SLOT1 SLOT2 Main unit ROM
UART etc.
As shawn in the black diagram, this chip contains Z-SOA, dock generator, memary select circuit, interrupt contrai circuit, i/O port, and interface circuit far LH-5803. (2) TerminaI signaIs SC-7852 is a 100-pin LSI, having several terminais far those signais that Z-80A daes flot have. The table below describes the terminal signaIs ai SC-7852.
PC-1600 HARDWARE SC-7852 Terminai Signais 5ymbol
No.
95—
In/Out
T~—’RTFff
In
Active level Low
1 00—2
Function (1) (2) (3)
3
LHWAIT
Out
High
.
4
4’OS
In
J~fJ—
Internally putled up to VCC by the resistor (200K T input = Low (normal mode) keyboard input, A key in the low input une is pressed. T input = High (emulation mode). Used for connection of the Z-80 ICE.
-~
5aaoK).
Wait output to the LH-5803. The signal goes high in one of the following: (1) When the WAtT input is at s high level. (2) When the LH-5803 accesses ~0H or 8000H FFF FH of the ME1 space, it goes high for one cycle time to insert one wait. (3) When the Z-80 is running with the LH-5803 at hait. LH-5803 basic dock (1.3MHz).
This dock is used for the sync signal
of the internat LH-5810 corresponding port and
generation of the LCD cLOCK (217KHz). 5
PT
Out
Memory bsnk signal.
6
PU
Out
Memory bank signal.
7
PVOUT
Out
Memory bank signal.
8
PVIN
A Jn
LH-5803’s PV signal input. As ~vla kept in the floating state when the Z-80 is operating, it is internally pulied down by the resistor.
9
W~’
ln/Out
Low
(1) (2)
When the Z-80 is in operation, the Z-80’sW~isa direct output on this une. When the LH-5803 je in operation. it becomes an input to enable R/W for LH-5803.
10—25
A15—A0
26—33
DB7”~DB0
34
IORQ
35
MREQ
36
RD
A ln/Out
(1) (2)
ln/Out
A
When the Z-80 is in operation, the Z-80 sddress bus is an output on this une. When the LH-5803 isin operation, the LH-5803 address bus isan input on this une.
Data bus.
ln/Out
(1) (2)
ln/Out
(1)
When the Z-80 is in operation, the Z-80 ~ is an output on this line. When the LH-5803 is in operation, the LH-5803 ME1 is an input on this line.
When the Z-80 la in operation, the Z-80 i~fii~ is an output on this une. (2) When the LH-5803 is in operation, the LH-5803 MEO is an input on this une.
ln/Out
(1)
When the Z-80 is in operation, the Z-80 ‘~
is an output on this une.
(2) When the LH-5803 is in operation, the LH-5803 OD is an input on this une. 37
WAtT
£ In
38
LHA9O
Out
High
WAtT input to the Z-80 and LH-5803. Pulled down internally by a resistor. Among the RAMs (the bank of the spaces C000H’ FFFFH) connected to the RAM3, it is an input to the address AS of the RAM of E000H—FFFFH (the aide A13A is input to ~1). (1) When the Z-80 is in operation, “LHA9O A9” s established. (2) Except that “LHA9O = high” la established when the LH-5803 accesses 7400H— 744FH and 7500H-754FH. In other words, when the LH-5803 tries to access 7400H”-744FH and 7500H— 754FH, it actuauly accesses 7600H-’764F11 and 7700H—774FH.
‘t
2’
‘2.
t”
t
PC-1600 HARDWARE
L’
~in
39
Symbol
Active
ln/Out
Out
T~i
Function
Low
(1) When the Z-80 is in operation, the Z-80i~1is an output on this Iin~. (2) When the LH-5803 is in operation, the signal created from the OPF signal
of the
LH-5803 is sent on this une.
40
~~iT
Out
Low
Refresh signal. (1) The Z-80 ~~Fi signal is on this une. (2) When the LH-5803 is in operation, the signal crested
.
ski.
from
the OPF signal 0f the
L H-5803 is sent on this line.
I’.
41
VDD
42
tO~
VCC Ouf
High
This signal is issued when the LI-l-5803 tries to access ~00H—~0FH and 8000H”O FFFI-t of the ME1 space, When this signal is sent out, one wait la sant to the LH-5803. In terms of timing, the signal s sent with s half dock delay on the ME1.
4OS~
J
I
J
b.~L
ME1] t t
LHWAIT ~
I~.
iOE~
43
Out
Low
Z-80 control ROM select signal. 0000H—7FFFH rnernory space (bank 0).
44
7 Out
Low
(1) (2)
45
Low
Ouf ~
46 47 48
~
ti~i~5 LHS2 EFï~Î
Out
Low
~‘Out
Low Low
7 Out
Z-80 control ROM select signal. 8000H—BFFFH memory space lbank 6). LH-5803 control ROM select signal. C000H—FFFFH memory spsce.
Z-80 control ROM select signal. 4000H 7FFFH memory space (bank 3). Memory select signal. Depending on the stase of bit “6” of
110 3cH, the
memory spaco seledted
differs.
L»
b6=0 ~
.
~
b6=1
A800H—AFFFH
(bank 0)
B000H—B7FFH
(bank 0)
B000H—B7FFH
(bank 0)
A800H-’FAFFH
(bank 0)
B800H-BFFFH
(bank 0)
A000H—A7FFH
(bank 0)
tÏi~Tand Ei~i~ are pulled up internally. LHS3 needs to be pulled up externally. (pulled up externally.)
49
RAM3
50
W~M~
Out
High
Memory select signal (internaI 16KB RAM). C000H—FFFFH (bank 0).
Out
Low
Memory select signal (Si :1.
~
p
~
8000H’BFFFH (bank 0, bank 1). S000H—BFFFH (bank 2, bank 3).
~ I::
51
‘~‘~iT
Out
~
~ 52
ph:.
~i.
Low
SLCT
In
High
Memory select signal (S2:). 8000H—’BFFFH (bank 2, bank 3). When this signal is at low, output of the memory and I/O select signal is disabled. Disabled signaIs are: CSOO1, cSi23, CS24. RAM3, RAM2, RAMi, 10E, IOSU. KA2, KA1, KAO, C/D, and IORP. This input is an output to the subcontroller and is at s high level when the system la on.
PC-1600 HARDWARE Symbol
~‘°
ln/Out
Actve
Function Cassette reproducing signal. PC6’: Beep disable signal. PC7’: Cassette recording signal (PC-1600). SDO’: Cassette recording signa) (PC-1500). P82:
76
SDO
Out
Cassette recording signal output.
::
~
SDO
SDO’ is the cassette recording output by the CE-150. PCT is the cassette recording output by the CE-1600P.
77
?iJï
78
A 10w stase of this signal indicates that the LH-5803 la in operation. (2) A high state 0f this signal indicates that the Z-80 is in operation.
Out
(1)
PCSTB
In/Out
(1)
79
RSTIN
in
80
IRQ
81
1NTO
82
INT1
83
INT4
84
INTS
À
85
PCTRL
Goes into the input mode when reset. This current stste,is Iatched in the PB3 flip-flop. In PC-1600, this termina) s puHed up through an externsl resistor. (2) Goes to the output une in the normal mode. The signal goes high when the Z-80 writes 18H or l/()’or the LH-5803 is FOO8H 0f the ME1. This signal is not used in the output mode with the PC-1600.
Low
A reset input to the SC7852. This signal is forced lowfor30 millisecondsby the sub CPU when ACL or RESET le issued or at power-on.
High
An interrupt to the CPU (Z-80. LH-5803). This line is input as an interrupt request from the PC-1500 peripheral.
High
An interrupt to the CPU. This line is input as an interrupt request from the T8576F.
Low
An interrupt to the CPU. This une is input as an interrupt request from the PC-1600 peripheral. Pu lIed up internally.
TI~
An interrupt to the CPU. An interrupt is sent to the CPU et s high to 10w transition. This une is input at s 1/64 second pulse from the sub CPU. ut is externatty shorted with P85. But, the sub CPU output. which s a P-oh open drain, is pulled down by the externat resistor to assure s 10w output.
In
High
An interrupt to the CPU. This une inputs the output from the sub CPU.
Out
Low
At the time the power-off command is sent to the sub CPU, the sub CPU turns the power off (active low). This signal goes low after the Z-80 cornpletes the following: (t) 11H written to i/O 37H (II) OUT (38H). A (lii) HALT
A
In
In
V
In
In
.
86
CLK
Out
87
T
A
In
Z-80 dock output. 3.58MHz for the PC-1600. (1) (2)
88 89
XOUT XtN
90
VDD
Out In
It is in the normal mode when s 10w signal is received and the Z-80 is operating r,ormally. PuIled down internally. It is in the simulation mode when s high signai is received. The Z-80 bus is in the floating state, and the Z-80 (or Z-80 ICE) can be connected externalty.
The 3.58MHz Z-80 dock is supplied when the oscillator is attached across these lines.
Power input to the high aide (4’-~5.5V).
(5-f’)
PC-1600 HARDWARE (3) VO map Similar ta Z-80A, SC-7852 has a 256-byte I/O space fram 00H ta FFH. The table below shows the I/O map ai SC-7852. i/O Map of SC-7852 00H 0FH
Use prohibited.
10H 1 FH
Port corresponding to LH-5810 (LH-581 1) contained
20H 27H
TC8576F UART setaction
281-4
52 (slot 2)
in the SC7852 (not synchronized with ~‘O5}.
2FH 30H 3FH
SC7852 internat LSI controt register port
4OH
System reset-ve
4FH 50H 5811
HD61102 (1C2), )IC3)
5BH
HD61102
HD61102 (1C3)
System reserve 60H 6FH
S2 (slot 2)
78H 7FH
CE-1600F
80H 83H
CE-1600P
84H
Reserved
Z-80 I/O address
LH-5803
3011 31 H 32H 33H 34H 35H 36H 37H
#AO3OH #A031 H #A032H #A033H #A034H #AO3SH #A036H #A037H
3811 39H 3AH 3BH 3CH 3DH 3EH 3FH
#A038H #A039H #AO3AH #AO3BH #AO3CH #AO3DH #AO3EH #AO3FH
R ead
address
IORMOD IOR MAP IOR INT IOR P ... IOR LHMSK IORZMSK IORAORS lOR KB
W rite IOWMOD 10W 10W
10W 10W LHMSK IOWZMSK IOWCL1 10W CGC register write 10W STP 10W 10W KA Not 10W KS Not used 10W SLT 10W
Note: When writing 10 an I/O space between 30H snd 3DH, if the setting is incorrect, the PC-1600 does not operste properiy.
for future extension
NOTES:
# (Rreg):
tndicates the contents of the memory (MEt accessed) which
BFH
______
at present.
Note: In the machine cycle, 1 wait is automatically inserted.
(5.4
are imptied by
the
LH-5803
CPU internai register (R register). Vacanoy in the Z-80 I/O map which is flot used
PC-1600 HARDWARE
7,1,2 Spec~flcat~ons of LH~=58O3 L H-5803 is an 8-bit C-MOS CPU, which is an upper versiofi of LH-5801. Thereiore, LH—5803 supports ~most ail LH-5801 machine language instructions, except that the SDP, RDP and OFF instructions of L H-5801 aperate as a NOP instruction in LH-5803. The table below describes the terminai signais of LH-5803. Main CPU 1 (LH5803) pin description Symbol I
tn/Out
‘t
4
Function CPU reset input. A high on this unecauses the reset. The contents of the address FFFEH are transferred to the PH register and the contents of FFFFH to the PL register. When the reset input changes from high to Iow, the progrsm starts to execute from the address set in the program counter.
RESET
In
(Nc)
—
3RQ
In
Bus request. Connected to
SF1
In
8F flip-flop output (BFO) and input (SF1). The BF flip-flop is reset by the OFF command of the CPU. R can be reset when the 8FI isset high. The BFO is at s 10w level when the BF flip-flop la active and st s high levai when not active. The contents of the BF flip-flop are protected as long as VGG is in supply. Because VGG la VCC in the PC-1600, this function is not used and VCC la used for an input.
~ ~
[2
P~ctive
~ ‘
‘t
~
~: ~, ~
itfl~0f
the SC7852 output.
5
VGG
Powersupply (system’sVCC input).
6
8F0
Out
See Pin No.4.
7
OPF
Out
Op code fetch signal which sppears when the CPU fetches the OP code. OPF la the signal that is issued only when the operation code is fetched and is not therefore issued in fetching the address data, immediate data, and the second byte of a 2-step commsnd. 4OS
~
ADO -‘ADlS
I
MEO OPF~_~ Write ‘“cycle 8
BAK
Out
Bus acknowledge signal.
Op fetchcode________
response to
When BRO is set et o high levai, the CPU issues s high BAK state in it. When BAK is et e high levai, the CPU sets the address bus (ADO AOl 5), data bus (DO’-D7), MEO, ME1, R/W, and OD in high impedsnce. 9
VCC
Power supply (systems VCC
PC-1600 HARDWARE
Symbol
ln/Out
Function
10
VGG
Power supply (system’s VCC input).
11
VM
In
LCD backplate power suppiy input.
12
VOis
In
LCD backplate power supply input.
13
VA
In
LCD backplate power supply input.
14
VS
In
LCD backplate power supply input.
15
NMI
In
Non-rnaskabte interrupt input. A high input state causes an interrupt to the CPU. The CPU unconditionslly accepta the request snd starts to execute the interrupt routine from the oddress whose high order address la represented by the contents 0f the address FFFCH and the low order address by the contents of FFFDH.
16
MI
In
Maskable interrupt input. When the lE flag (lnterrupt Enable) is set on, an interrupt request is cauaed by s high Ml input state, and the CPU staris to execute the interrupt routine from the oddress whose high order address is’rèpresented by the contents 0f the address FFF8H ond the 10w order eddress by the contents of FFF9H.
17
I-lIN
In
Input to the counter by wtiich tise LCD and backplate signaIs, HO—t-17, are generated. Normally connected te tise lIA pin of the CPU. With the PC-1600, this function la not
18
HA
Out
CPU internai divider output through which la deuivered tise basic dock for the LCD driver and connected to i~ïi’?~iand the segment signal generator LSt.
19
DISP
Out
LCD disptay on/off control signal output. Can be set and reset by means of a command. With tise PC-1600, this function is not used.
117—HO
Out
Not used by the PC-1600.
J
used.
20—27
LCD backplate signal output.
When tise LCD is driven by tise backplate signal and the segment signal, the backptate signal is issued by the CPU. 28
00
Dut
Outpui disable signai. When OD la st a high level, the CPU disables the data output onto the data bus for the externai device. This signal is issued when writing data in the memory.
f,OS
)ci
~ix~ ~ R/W 0O~ DO—Dl
Memory read cycle
Memory write signal
29
MEO
Out
Memory enable signal. This signal is enabled to directly accesa the 128KB memory area;
30
ME1
Out
MEO sccesses o 64KB srea and ME1 accesses a 64KB ares. The memory area accessible by the program counter P snd stack pointer S la 64KB, for MEO is used by the fetch and stack commands. For sdcessing data, both ME0 and MEt memory areas con be accessed by the CPU command.
In/Out
Bidirectional data bus which is used te write dsta in the external memory or to read data from the externsl memory.
31—38
DO—07
39-’4& -‘A0--’A7
Out
Address bus which may be in three states. Goes to high impedsnce with the BRO (bus request) signal, ut is possible w occase the merrtory ares 0f 64KB. it is also possible to acceas the memory of 128KB using tise MEO ci- MEI aigr~a~.
~~1
PC-1600 HARDWARE
t~.
I
47
GND
48
AS
T
Out
VGG
50—56
I’,.
Power supply.
A9—A1 5
Address bus (see Pin No.39). Power
Out
57
(NC)
—
58
RIW
Out
Address bus (see Pin No.39).
Memory write signal. With s 10w R/W state, tise data in the CPU are sent on the data
bus. 59
P~’
Out
External latch dock. With a high state of tisis dock, tise contents 0f the accumulator are transferred onto the data bus. Use 0f the tatch IC permits its use as tise output port (see tise ATP command).
60
PV
Dut
61
PU
Out
These are tise CPU internai flip-flop output pins (PU, PV). Tisera are commanda to set and reset PU and PV.
62
~0S
Out
r The dock, in tise sema phase as tise CPU internai basic dock, 15 on tisis une to supply dock pulse to the external system. Wisen a 2.6MHz crystal la connected XLO and XL1, a 1.3MHz dock is supplied.
across
63
XLO
In
64
XL1
Out
Crystat connection pins. XLO la an input and XL1 is an output. Inside tise CPU, tise dock is divided in half. Wisen a 2.6MHz crystal la connected, tise
machine cycle within tise CPU la at 1 3MHz, 65
WAIT
In
CPU wait signal. Wisen tisis input la higis, tise CPU’s internaI operation dock “qt” stops and tise CPU tiserefore stops executing a command. When it resumes s 10w state, the CPU starts to execute s command.
Internai basic dock CPU operating cIOCk/—\f_---__\
WAIT input fl~fIopWA
NOTE: WA la the CPU internaI flip-flop for WAtT. At a isigis to low transition 0f tise dock ~‘OS,input of WAIT s accepted. Tise CPU operating dock ~ stops when WA la at isigis; tise CPU isalts s command execution temporarily as a result. 66—73
1N7—INO
in
as an 8-bit data. t has an internaI puul-up resistor. When not connected, tise CPU assumes tise une to be in isigh impedance.
~ 74—76
(NC)
—
NOTE: NC: No Connedtion
Ii
Input port. Tise CPU can send tise signal input on tise INO—1N7 to the CPU accumulator
PC-1600 HARDWARE
7.1~3Spec~fîcatîonsof LU57813P LU57813P is a 4-bit CMOS CPU. This section first describes the functions ai LU57813P, then shows the table oi LU57813P terminal signaIs. (1) PC-1600 main power ON/OFF contrai LU57813P turns off the power of the PC-1600 by receiving a cammand from the main CPU, and turfis off the power when the ~J key is pressed. (2) Timer management LU57813P supports one wakeup timer and two alarm timers (counted up every 0.5 second) and manages the caiendar dock. (3) Battery voltage monitoring LU57813P has an A/D converter, with which LU57813P monitors the supply voltages ai the PC-1600 main unit and the peripherai devices. LU57813P turns an the ~ symbol on the LCD when the suppiy voltage gaes beiow a certain level. (4) Anaiog input LU57813P canverts an analag voltage input at the analag port af the PC-1600 into a digital value and passes the value ta the main CPU. (5) Key click sound generation If the key ciicking is enabled, when a key input occurs, the main CPU sends a command ta make LU57813P generate a click sound. (6) Reset signai handling LU57813P manages a reset signal from twa reset switches (ane an the rear side of PC-1600 and the other on the rear side ai CE-1600P). Receiving a reset signai from one of the reset switches, LU57813P sends a reset signal far 30 ms ta the system. (7) Receiving a Cl signai from RS-232C, LU57813P turns on the system. (8) Timer (1/64 second) signal output
PC-1600 HARDWARE ~t.
Sub CPU (LU57813P) pin description
t
Symbol 1
00
In/Out In
~j~7aL Low
In
Function When tise
system-off command
is received from tise Z-80, the system is
turned off sfter this signal goes low. It has PCTRL output from tise SC7852 as its input. ,~t.
2
VDD
3
ACL
4 5
CL1 CL2
6
High side VGG la supplied. In
The pulse widtis of ACL must be greater than 1 microsecond in duration to be recognized by the hardware, It takes about 80 microseconds before tise LSI starts to operate after input of ACL. Tisis pin is used as reset input from tise ALL RESET switcis of tise PC-1600.
High
~.t.
In Out
Tise system dock generating ceramic oacillator is attacised across tisese two unes. With the PC-1600, s 1.229MHz oscitlator is used for tise basic dock of tise RS-232C baud rate.
FOUT
Dut
System dock output. Not used.
7
P0
Out
Low
In
Reset input to tise SC7852. Tisis une is maintained 10w for 30 milliseconds during system-on and reset
8
P1
Out
Low
In
In alow state when tise main CPU is permitted to access the memory and I/O.
9
P2
Out
High
In
In an opposite level of Pi - Input to SLCT of tise SC7852.
10
P3
Out
Low
In
-
In s 10w state during system-on.
Used to turn on tise system. L 11
KH
In
Higis
Tisis signal goes isigis with an input 0f tise ON key. When tise system is off, tisis LSI is in tise stsndby mode, and it tums on the system with o isigh KH state.
12
KI
In
High
A commsnd request from tise main CPU. Interrupt is caused by s isigh Ki
13
T
In
14
OSCOUT
15
OSCIN
In
16
KL
In
state.
Test pin wisich la NC. Tise 32.768 KHz timer crystal osciltator is attached across tisese Iines.
Out
Higis
Reset input from tise peripiserat unit. As monitored by the software, if this
~
input is isigis for more than tise given.time, tise reset is executed. 17
Z15
Out
Higis
In
Z15 and KL are sisorted outside and externally pulled down by the resistor. Z15 is turned isigh for 1 mitlisecond in tise reset routine to be converted into the R5TE signal, and sent to peripiserals as tise reset signal via tise system bus. 50, botis Z15 and KL can be isandled as an input/output line, wisidh may be used to apply reset to tise peripiseral or to receive reset from tisa peripheral. Tisis signal is used as the reset input of tise cE-1600P.
18
Z14
Out
Higis
In
Tise sub CPU monitors tise state 0f tise BREAK/ON key via tise KH input une and its state is sent tisrough Z14 and supplied to PB7 0f tise 5C7852. Therefore, key chattering and bouncing 0f tise BREAK/ON key are dompietety controlied tise sub CPU.
19
Z1 3
Out
Low
In
Tise sub CPU goes into tise power-down mode except wisen one of tise
t-.tttt..
.
I
p
~-
~ ~
conditions mentioned beIow isolds true. (1) Wisen a command is received from tise main CPU. (2) When a timer interrupt la received,
~ ~ ~
(3) If tise BREAK/ON key sensing KH input is at a higis level. To prevent tisese conditions from occurring, Z13 is set 10w et every time interrupt (1/128 second). If KH is et e higis levai, depression of tise 8REAK/ON key is sensed.
PC-1600 HARDWARE Symbol
In/Out
Active
at~~L
Function
vcc
Z13
z13
KH
1J
U
U
BREAK ~
(t~LET 16:~s(0~=”:t0:GOfO
*1(*
3~:~ErC1iii
S0:EF
0
