SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
4-1
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT PAGE AVIONICS ..................................................................................................................................3 AUTOLAND - MAXIMUM WIND COMPONENT....................................................................... 3 AUTOPILOT - MINIMUM ALTITUDE TO ENGAGE ................................................................. 3 INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM (IRS) ................................................................................. 3
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................................4 EMERGENCY ESCAPE SLIDES - DOOR MOUNTED ............................................................ 4 OXYGEN PRESSURE - CORRECT RANGE........................................................................... 4 OXYGEN PRESSURE READING ADJUSTMENTS: ................................................................ 4
ENGINES....................................................................................................................................4 EICAS ENGINE INSTRUMENT SETTING INDICATORS ........................................................ 4 EGT AND THRUST MAXIMUM ............................................................................................... 4 ENGINE INDICATING AND CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (EICAS) ......................................... 4 CONTINUOUS ENGINE IGNITION ......................................................................................... 4 OIL PRESSURE ...................................................................................................................... 5 OIL QUANTITY ....................................................................................................................... 5 OIL TEMPERATURE............................................................................................................... 5 REVERSE THRUST ................................................................................................................ 5 RPM - MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE.............................................................................................. 5 STARTER ENGAGEMENT LIMITATIONS .............................................................................. 5
FIRE PROTECTION ...................................................................................................................5 CARGO FIRE PROTECTION ENVELOPE .............................................................................. 5
FUEL ..........................................................................................................................................6 FUEL CAPACITY .................................................................................................................... 6 FUEL IMBALANCE - MAXIMUM LIMITS ................................................................................. 6 FUEL JETTISON..................................................................................................................... 6 FUEL LOADING ...................................................................................................................... 6 FUEL TEMPERATURE ........................................................................................................... 6 FUEL USAGE.......................................................................................................................... 7 LANDING FUEL - MINIMUM ALLOWABLE ............................................................................. 7
PMDG 747-400 AOM
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Revision – 26JUL05
4-2
SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
HYDRAULICS.............................................................................................................................8 AUTO-BRAKE SYSTEM.......................................................................................................... 8 FLAPS/SLATS EXTENSION ALTITUDE - MAXIMUM.............................................................. 8 HYDRAULIC QUANTITY - MINIMUM ...................................................................................... 8 INFLIGHT SPOILERS ............................................................................................................. 8 TIRE PRESSURE.................................................................................................................... 8 TIRE PRESSURE ADJUSTMENTS......................................................................................... 8
ICE AND RAIN............................................................................................................................8 ANTI ICE SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................... 8 ENGINE ANTI-ICE .................................................................................................................. 8 KNOWN ICING CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 10 RAIN REPELLENT ................................................................................................................ 10 APU STARTER LIMITATIONS .............................................................................................. 10
PNEUMATICS ..........................................................................................................................10 AVIONICS/EQUIPMENT COOLING (GROUND OPERATIONS) ........................................... 10 PRESSURIZATION - CABIN DIFFERENTIAL LIMITS ........................................................... 11
AUTOLAND / INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM ...................................................................11 AUTOLAND/INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM ................................................................... 11 AUTOLAND - FLAP SETTING LIMITS .................................................................................. 11 AUTOLAND - APPROACH GLIDESLOPE SLOPE LIMITS.................................................... 11
SPEEDS ...................................................................................................................................12 MAXIMUM TURBULENT AIR PENETRATION SPEED ......................................................... 12 STALL SPEEDS .................................................................................................................... 14 STRUCTURAL WEIGHTS..................................................................................................... 14
GENERAL LIMITATIONS.........................................................................................................14 CERTIFICATION STATUS .................................................................................................... 14 FLIGHT CREW REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................ 14 FLIGHT LOAD ACCELERATION LIMITATIONS.................................................................... 14 PRESSURE ALTITUDE - MAXIMUM..................................................................................... 14 RUNWAY SLOPE LIMITATIONS .......................................................................................... 14
MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS ..................................................................................................15 MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS: .............................................................................................. 15
Revision – 26JUL05
DO NOT DUPLICATE
PMDG 747-400 AOM
SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
4-3
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS
OVERVIEW: The following list of items have been accumulated from the aircraft manufacturer’s known limitations and requirements for operating the 747-400 aircraft, as well as from industry operators of the 747-400 and regulatory bodies responsible for the safe operation civil aircraft. This body of knowledge is brought together in this section in order to condense the various aircraft requirements and performance limitations to a single reference for crew use. The following list of items is not considered to be conclusive of all operating conditions, and crews should use sound judgment and Standard Operating Principles to ensure the safe operation of the aircraft. The following list is organized alphabetically by major subject matter.
AVIONICS Autoland - Maximum Wind Component Maximum Wind Component True Headwind Component True Tailwind Component Maximum Crosswind Component Maximum One Engine-Out Crosswind Maximum CAT III Autoland Crosswind
Autopilot - Minimum Altitude to Engage After Takeoff Autopilot Engagement Non-Precision Approach ILS Approach, Single Autopilot
Wind Speed 25 Knots 10 Knots 25 Knots 5 Knots 10 Knots
250ft [76 meters] AGL or greater No Lower Than 360ft [110 meters] AGL Okay down to 50ft [15 meters] below DH/MDA, but not less than 50ft [15 meters] AGL.
Inertial Reference System (IRS) • The inertial Reference System is capable of providing magnetic heading and track information between 73° North Latitude and 60° South Latitude while in NAV mode. • Crews are cautioned against operating in darkness or IFR conditions into airports north of 73° North Latitude or airports south of 60° South Latitude if the airport navigation aids are referenced to Magnetic North, as this will result in dangerously unreliable navigation data.
PMDG 747-400 AOM
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Revision – 26JUL05
4-4
SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
Emergency Escape Slides - Door Mounted • Whenever passengers are carried, all door mounted evacuation slides must be armed and engaged prior to taxi, and must remain so until the aircraft is being prepared for passenger deplaning. Oxygen Pressure - Correct Range Crew Oxygen System Passenger Oxygen System Portable Oxygen Bottles
1,650 psi 1,600 psi 1,600 psi
Oxygen Pressure Reading Adjustments: • Temperature > 70°F: Add 3 psi per 1°F above 70°F [Temperature > 21°C: Add 6 psi per 1°C above 21°C] •
Temperature < 70°F: [Temperature 80kts On Landing Rollout 21°C: •
195 - 205 psi 205 - 215 psi
Temperature =10°C during flight. Engine Anti-Ice • Engine anti-ice must be selected ON during all ground and flight operations when icing conditions exist or are anticipated. • Engine anti-ice does not need to be used during climb and cruise segments when the temperature is less than -40°C SAT. • Engine anti-ice must be activated prior to, and operated during a descent in icing conditions. Engine anti-ice should be activated even if the temperature falls below -40°C SAT during the descent. • During ground operations lasting more than ten minutes in icing conditions, engine anti-ice capabilities must be reinforced by momentarily selected a thrust setting of 50% N1 for each
Revision – 26JUL05
DO NOT DUPLICATE
PMDG 747-400 AOM
SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
4-9
engine (separately). Use caution for jet blast and FOD dangers associated with accumulated ice or snow on taxiways and runways.
PMDG 747-400 AOM
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Revision – 26JUL05
4 - 10
SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
Known Icing Conditions • Icing conditions are said to exist for taxi, takeoff and landing operations when: Outside Air Temperature 10°C (50°F) or below and/or: • •
Visible moisture of any form is present (clouds, fog, visibility of 1 mile or less, snow, rain, sleet or ice crystals). Standing water, snow, slush or ice accumulations are present in a form which may be ingested by the engines or freeze to nacelles, blades or sensors.
• Icing conditions are said to exist in flight when: Total Air Temperature
10°C (50°F) or below
and: •
Visible moisture of any form is present (clouds, fog, visibility of 1 mile or less, snow, rain, sleet or ice crystals).
Rain Repellent • Do not apply repellent to a dry windshield. If repellent is inadvertently discharged onto window, do not activate windshield wipers. Allow repellent to disperse in the aircraft slipstream. • Apply repellent only in rain or snow conditions which restrict forward visibility through the cockpit windscreen. • Crews are required to make appropriate logbook entries if rain repellent is used in flight. APU Starter Limitations Time off between APU start attempts
1 Minute
PNEUMATICS Airplane altitude vs. Cabin Altitude Avionics/Equipment Cooling (Ground Operations) Cooling Required OAT °F (°C) At least one air conditioning pack or equivalent 94 to 105°F ground cooling equipment operating, or at least [34° to 41°C] one forward and one aft entry doors open on opposite sides of the aircraft. At least on air conditioning pack or equivalent 106 to 120°F ground cooling equipment operating. [41° to 49°C] Two air conditioning packs or equivalent Greater than 120°F ground cooling equipment operating. [49°C]
Revision – 26JUL05
DO NOT DUPLICATE
PMDG 747-400 AOM
SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
Pressurization - Cabin Differential Limits Takeoff and Landing Max Differential – Operating Max Differential - During Climb
4 - 11
0.11 psi 9.4 psi 9.4 psi
AUTOLAND / INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM Autoland/Instrument Landing System CAT IIIb Equipment Autoland Land 3 Autopilots
3 CMD
CAT IIIa Autoland Land 3
CAT II Autoland Land 2
3 CMD
2 CMD
Electronic ADIs
2
2
2
ILS Deviation Indicator Radar Altitude Readout with DH AFDS Mode annunciation Missed Approach Attitude Guidance Autoland Status Annunciators
2 2 2 Required
2 2 2 Required
2 2 2 Not Required
2
2
IRUs (in NAV mode) Autothrottle AC Electric Power Source Hydraulic Systems Rollout Guidance Autobrakes Windshield Wipers Marker Beacons* Reversers Operative Engines Antiskid
3 1 2 3 Required Required 2 1 2 3 Required**
3 1 2 3 Not Required Not Required 2 1 Not Required 3 Not Required
1 for Pilot Flying 2 Not Required 2 3 Not Required Not Required 2 1 Not Required 2 Not Required
CAT I 1 Flight Director or 1 Autopilot 1 for Pilot Flying 1 Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required 2 Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required 1 Not Required
*If approach to be flown requires Marker beacon use to determine DH or AH ** If RVR is below 600ft [180 Meters.]
Autoland - Flap Setting Limits • Autoland is only approved for settings of flap 25 or flap 30. Autoland - Approach Glideslope Slope Limits Minimum Glideslope Angle Maximum Glideslope Angle
PMDG 747-400 AOM
DO NOT DUPLICATE
2.50° 3.25°
Revision – 26JUL05
4 - 12
SPECIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
SPEEDS VA - Design Maneuvering Speed (KIAS/ Mach) Sea Lvl 300
10,000ft [3000M] 315
20,000ft [6000M] 330
29,000ft [9000M] 336/.86
30,000ft [9000M] -
34,000ft [10000M] -
36,000ft [11000M] -
40,000ft [12000M] -
VFE - Flaps Extension Speeds - Maximum (KIAS) Flaps 1 280
Flaps 5 260
Flaps 10 240
Flaps 20 230
Flaps 25 205
Flaps 30 180
VLO / VLE - Landing Gear Limit Speeds - Maximum (KIAS / Mach) VLO - Retraction
270 KIAS / .82M
VLO - Extension
270 KIAS / .82M
VLE - Extended
320 KIAS /.82M
Maximum Tire Limit Speed
204 Knots Ground Speed
VMO / MMO - Maximum Operating Limit Speeds (KIAS / Mach) 20,000ft & Lower [6000M & Lower] 365 •
25,000ft [7600 M] 365/.880
30,000ft [9200 M] 340/.900
35,000ft [10,700 M] 309/.900
40,000ft [12,200 M] 269/.900
VMO / MMO - Shall not be exceeded during any phase of flight.
V
MCG
- Minimum Controllable Ground Speed (Same as Minimum Allowable V1 Setting)
Pres. Alt. 13000ft [4000 M] 10000ft [3000 M] 8000ft [2400 M] 6000ft [1800 M] 4000ft [1200 M] 2000ft [600 M] S.L.
