(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
Explorations du cortex vestibulaire
Christophe Lopez CR CNRS Laboratoire de neurosciences intégratives et adaptatives UMR 7260
Vestibular projections to the central nervous system Cortex
3a
PIVC
Vestibulo-cortical system
Thalamus Oculomotor nuclei
Vestibular nuclei Ves ner tibul a ve VIII r
[email protected]
ganglion of Scarpa
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
The vestibular thalamus
Vestibular neurons are organized in small patches distributed in the thalamus rather than in clearly identified nuclei
The vestibular cortex
Parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) Grüsser et al. 1991 J Physiol Guldin and Grüsser 1998, Trends Neurosci
Lopez and Blanke 2011 Brain Res Reviews
[email protected]
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
The vestibular cortex
29/02/16
Parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) Grüsser et al. 1991 J Physiol Guldin and Grüsser 1998, Trends Neurosci
vestibular neurons
Electrophysiology: vestibular neurons were “in the upper bank of the lateral sulcus around the posterior end of the insula, [… and] more posteriorly in the retroinsular region or more anteriorly in the parietal operculum.” Macaca fascicularis Grusser et al. 1991, J Physiol
Where are the vestibular areas in the human cortex? Where is the human analog of the monkey PIVC?
Epileptic vertigo and intracranial stimulation in epileptic patients Vestibular vertigo
Hewett et al. 2011 Epilepsy & Behavior Isnard et al. 2004 Epilepsia [4/50 stim] Nguyen et al. 2009 Epilepsia [3% stim]
Lopez and Blanke, 2011 Brain Research Reviews
[email protected]
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
Intracranial stimulation in epileptic patients Penfield, W. “Vestibular Sensation and the Cerebral Cortex.” Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 66 (1957): 691–698.
7/108 stimulations
Vestibular representations in the human insula: intracranial stimulation • 219 epileptic patients • 641 electrical stimulations in the insula Mazzola*, Lopez* et al. 2014
POST
ANT
somatosensory (n=330)
viscerosensitive (n=81)
auditory (n=44)
vestibular (n=41)
dysarthria (n=28)
taste (n=17)
Mazzola, Lopez et al. (2014) Annals of Neurology
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
Vestibular representations in the human insula: intracranial stimulation Clinical responses: 642 stimulations /
541 evoked a clinical response / 41 vestibular sensations
instability spinning sensation restricted to the head
levitation body rising falling
yaw plane rotations (7) roll plane rotations (2)
Vestibular representations in the human insula: intracranial stimulation
POST
POST
ANT
ANT
central sulcus of the insula
Central sulcus of the insula Y coordinate ANT
Z coordinate
POST
[email protected]
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
Functional neuroimaging in healthy participants Lopez & Blanke, 2011 Brain Research Reviews The thalamocortical vestibular system in animals and humans
caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS)
galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS)
sound-induced activation (saccular stimulation)
A meta-analytic definition of the vestibular cortex
caloric
galvanic
sounds Lopez, Blanke & Mast (2012) Neuroscience
[email protected]
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
A meta-analytic definition of the vestibular cortex
PIVC: parieto-insular vestibular cortex rhesus monkey
Parietal operculum
Chen et al. 2010 J Neurosci
insula
Retroinsular cortex
Lopez, Blanke & Mast (2012) Neuroscience
Ig: granular insular cortex
Laterality of vestibular projections – Hemispheric dominance in righthanded participants
Lopez et al. (2012) Neuroscience
[email protected]
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
Laterality of vestibular projections – Hemispheric dominance in righthanded participants
Lopez et al. (2012) Neuroscience
Laterality of vestibular projections – Effect of handedness
(100 ml of warm water at 44°C for ∼50 s)
Dieterich et al. 2003 Cerebral Cortex
[email protected]
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
Spatio-temporal pattern of vestibular information processing • electroencephalography
6 ms !! it’s the latency for the activation of five distinct cortical zones: - prefrontal cortex - frontal cortex - ipsilateral temporo-parietal cortex - anterior SMA - contralateral parietal cortex
de Waele et al. 2001 Exp Brain Res
A vestibular cortical network
Human
parietal operculum (OP2)
functional connectivity analysis
zu Eulenburg et al. 2012 Neuroimage
[email protected]
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(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
A Comparison of Vestibular Spatiotemporal Tuning in PIVC, VIP and MST Chen et al 2011 J Neuroscience
PIVC
Progressive shift toward longer peak times from PIVC to VIP to MSTd:
VIP
MSTd
Multisensory integration in the vestibular system
vision
touch proprioception
touch proprioception
vision vision
touch proprioception
Lopez and Blanke, 2011 Brain Research Reviews, adapted from Grüsser et al. 1994
[email protected]
10
(C) Christophe Lopez CNRS UMR 7260
29/02/16
Multisensory integration in the vestibular system
Vestibular stimulation
Neural impulse rate (spike/s)
PIVC
Grüsser et al., 1998
0
2.5
5s
Optokinetic stimulation
0
2.5
[email protected]
5s
Neural impulse rate (spike/s)
Grüsser et al., 1990
Neural impulse rate (spike/s)
Proprioceptive stimulation
0
2.5
5s
Grüsser et al. 1990 J Physiol
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