CHRONOS
ICS
Neogene-Late Oligocene (0-33 Ma time-slice)
Time ScaLe R Creator Cen Mesozoic Paleozoic Precambrian
Sponsored, in part, by:
Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al., 2004) and The CONCISE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M., 2008)
N20/ N21
Dentoglobigerina altispira
PL4
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina
PL3
3.60
Pliocene
Hirsutella cibaoensis
Globigerinoides fistulosus
Globorotalia sp.cf. G. crassula
Menardella pertenuis
Pulleniatina (Atl. disappearance) Pulleniatina primalis
Hirsutella (Globorotalia) margaritae
Za 2
Zanclean
Menardella (Globorotalila) miocenica
Menardella multicamerata Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens s.str.
PL2
4.01
b Za 1
Globoconella (Globorotalia) puncticulata
Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling)
Menardella limbata Globoturborotalita woodi
Globoquadrina baroemoenensis
Globoturborotalita nepenthes
Globorotalia plesiotumida
c b
Discoaster pentaradiatus
N18
C3
PL1
CN11
M14
Globoquadrina dehiscens
N17b
Globorotalia humilis
Globorotalia margaritae Pulleniatina primalis
Globorotalia lenguaensis
Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sin.)
Tor 3/Me 1
C3B
Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) gr.
Globorotalia nicolae
Catapsydrax parvulus
Globorotalia suterae
b
N17
c
B. melo melo
a
a
NN11
Decahedrella martinheadii
Amaurolithus primus
Neogene
NN10
9.22
N16
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
Labyrinthodinium truncatum
b
Discoaster berggrenii
a
Ser 4/Tor 1
M12
Globoturborotalita apertura
Miocene
M11 M10
C5A Ser 3
Globoturborotalia nepenthes
NN9
Neogloboquadrina gr.
N12
M9b
Fohsella robusta
C5AA Ser 2
13.53
C5AC Lan 2/Ser 1
14.24
N10
Globorotalita challengeri
CN6
Catinaster coalitus
Cassigerinella chipolensis
NN7
Discoaster brouweri Catinaster calyculus
Coccolithus miopelagicus
Globigerinoides subquadratus
SB26
CN5
Calcidiscus macintyrei (FCO)
Tenuitella selleyi, pseuoedita, minutissima, clemenciae
a
Fohsella (Globorotalia) fohsi" lobata"
Fohsella"fohsi"
Fohsella"praefohsi"
Neogloboquadrina nympha
M7
Calcidiscus macintyrei
Orbulina universa
Langhian
Palaeocystodinium sp. A (Costa & Downie, 1979)
Praeorbulina circularis
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
D18
C5C
b
Burdigalian
Bur 4
Bur 3
17.54
Globorotalia birnageae Globorotalia miozea
Catapsydrax dissimilis
N5
Didymocyrtis laticonus
Lithopera (Lithoperu) renzae, Lithopera (Glomaria) thornburgi, Phormostichoartus corbula, Dictyocoryne ontongensis
Hypolagus, Ophiomys, Mictomys vetus
Platygonus vetus
Megalonyx leptostomus, Platygonus bicalcaratus, Ondatra idahoensis
Northrotheriops, Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
Glossotherium chapadmalense, Mictomys vetus Miracinonyx inexpectatus
Procasteroides
Sylvilagus
Paenemarmota,
Pliolemmus
Pliopotamys
Lithopera (Lithopera) neotera, Stichocorys wolffii
Apteodinium spiridoides, Distatodinium paradoxum/craterum
Hh 2
NPD6B
MN17
Ophiomys, Platygonus pearcei, Dipoides rexroadensis
Thalassiosira minutissima
Denticulopsis simonsenii (LCO)
Thalassiosira marujamica
NPD6A
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) virginis, Dorcadospyris alata, Liriospyris parkerae
Carpocanopsis bramlettei
Eocioleus; carnivores (Lutra, Megantereon, Mustela, Sminthosinus, Trigonictis); arvicolines (Ogmodontomys, Protopliophenacomys) and Miopetaurista (flying squirrel) in Hh 4
MN13
carnivores (Enhydritherium, Eomellivora, Indarctos, Lutravus, Machairodus, Simocyon); Neotragoceras (bovid ungulate), Thinobadistes (definition of subdivision, a edentate) in Hh 2
MN12
RN3
Didymocyrtis prismatica
Cl 1
Age
Mitchellian
Tortonian 10
Mayoan
MN7-8
Pseudoceras; plains taxa invade Great Basin
Denticulopsis simonsenii (FCO)
Bairnsdalian
Denticulopsis hustedtii (LCO) Thalassiosira praeyabei
13.64
Ba 2
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) etrusca
N. helvetica Thalassiosira praeyabei
MN6
Gomphotherium, Hesperolagomys, Lanthanotherium, Megasminthus, Pliogale, Pseudocyon, Russellagus, Untermannerix in Ba 2
Crucidenticula kanayae
Luisian
Langhian
Denticulopsis praelauta M. latimarginata parvipunctata
15
Balcombian
Ba 1 Plithocyon (hemicyonione bear), Zygolophodon (Proboscidean Datum)
Friasian MN5
Denticulopsis praelauta
Didymocyrtis mammifera
Carpocanopsis cingulata
Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa
Lychnocanoma elongata
C. tricostata
Crucidenticula kanayae
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginisburgi
Actinocyclus ingens
NPD2B
Liriospyris stauropora Siphostichartus corona
C. moosi
Didymocyrtis tubaria, Didymocyrtis violina, Stichocorys delmontensis, Carpocanopsis bramlettei
Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum RN2
He 2
He 1
Dorcadospyris ateuchus Crucidenticula sawamurae
Ar 4 NPD2B
aceratherine rhinos (Aphelops, Peraceras), teloceratine rhino (Teleoceras); Copemys (cricetid), mustelids (Dinogale, Mionictis, Plionictis, Sthenictis); Eomys (an eomyid), Petauristodon (sciurid), Pseudaelurus (true felid) in He 2
Relizian
Batesfordian
MN4
Ursavus (ursid); Aletomeryx (aletomerycine artiodactyl), Amphictis (procyonid), Amphicyon (amphicyonid), Antesorex (soricid), Brachypotherium (teleoceratine rhino), Floridaceras (aceratherine rhino), Caterogale, Desmatolagus and Oreolagus (rabbits), Edaphocyon (procyonid), Euroxenomys (casterine beaver), Phoberocyon (hemicyonine), Plesiosorex (plesiosoricid), and mustelids (Leptarctus, Miomustela, Potamotherium) in He 1 Barbouromeryx (cranioceratine dromomeryid), Cynelos (amphicyonine amphicyonid), Paracosoryx (merycodontine antilocaprid), Prablastomeryx in Ar 4
MN3
Exochosphaeridium insigne
M2 Tityrosphaeridium cantharellus
5.33
11.61
NPD3A
Sphenolithus belemnos
Globiquadrina binaiensis
Delmontian
Mohnian
Cl 2
Eucyrtidium diaphanes
Dorcadospyris dentata Stichocorys wolffii
Sumatradinium druggi
5
MN11
Barbourofelis is age marker of Cl 2 subzone. Cormohipparion (hipparionines equine horses) in Cl 2
Proboscia barboi
Denticulopsis hyalina
Zanclean
7.25
MN9
Hemidiscus cuneiformis
Thalassiosira grunowii
2.59
3.60
Agriotherium (carnivore), Castor (beaver), Felis (carnivore), Megalonyx (definition of the subdivision, a edentate), Ochotona (pika), Plesiogulo (carnivore), Pliozapus (zapodid), Prosomys (murid) in Hh 3
Carpocanopsis favosa
Calocycletta (Calocyclissima) costata
a
Yatalan
15.97
A. (U.) oblonga, C. batei
RN4
Distatodinium paradoxum
Gelasian Piacenzian
Ogmodontomys sawrockensis
Cl 3
Denticulopsis lauta
NPD3B
Venturian
Cheltenhamian
Actinocyclus ingens nodus
Dorcadospyris forcipata
Gelasian
E. Pleist. 1.81
MN14
Actiocyon, Hoplictis, Platybelodon in Cl 3
NPD4 Ba
Werrikooian
Megantereon
Thalassiosira minutissima
NPD5B
Emilian
Kalimnan
MN10
NPD5C
Wheelerian
Borophagus hilli, Platygonus pearcei
Lithodesmium reynoldsii
C. acuminata verrucosa
Sicilian
MN15
Denticulopsis katayamae Thalassionema schraderi
0.79
Chapadmalalan
Dipoides rexroadensis, Ogmodontomys poaphagus, Pliopotamys, Pliolemmus
0
0.126
MN16
Crusafontina (soricid), Kansasimys (eomyid), Lemoynea (desmanine mole), Pliometanastes (definition of subdivison, a edentates), Paramicrotoscoptes (murid), Pliotomodon (murid) in Hh 1
Denticulopsis katayamae
Lt. Pleist.
M. Pleist.
Repettian
Hh 1
Thalassionema schraderi (FCO)
Thalassiosira brunii
Liriospyris stauropora
Catapsydrax unicavus (pl. foram), Globigerinoides trilobus (pl. foram), Asterigerina guerichi
Lujanian Uquian
Prodipodomys Nanippus peninsulatus, Borophagus diversidens, Glossotherium chapadmalense
Hallian
Santomian
Thalassionema schraderi (LCO)
Didymocyrtis laticonus
Calocycletta (Calocyclissima) costuta, Didymocyrtis tubaria, Didymocyrtis violina
Dorcadospyris dentata
Hystrichokolporna cinctum
Sphenolithus belemnos
Bur 2
Phenacomys
Crucidenticula nicobarica
Spirosigmoilinella compressa; PLANK. FORAMS = Globorotalia praescitula/zealandica, Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta, Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina
CN3
CN2
Stegomastodon
Tyrrhenian
California Australia
Ionian
Calabrian
Denticulopsis praedimorpha
Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum
Globiquadrina binaiensis Globigerinatella sp.
Cavitatus jouseanus
Neodenticula kamtschatica
Didymocyrtis antepenultima
Lithopera (Lithopera) renzae, Cyrtocapsella cornuta, Cyrtocapsella tetrapera
RN5
NSR 9A (Glob. praescitula)
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
Impagidinium aculeatum
SB25 19.17
Thalassiosira jacksonii
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginsburgi
C. acuminata acuminata
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Uvigerina semiornata; Neogloboquadrina continuosa (pl. foram), Globigerina praebulloides (pl. foram),
Apteodinium australiense
NN3
Mammuthus
Nitzschia reinholdii
Globorotalia praemenardii, DWAF
A. howchini
Globorotalia praescitula
Rouxia californica (LCO)
Denticulopsis praedimorpha (LCO)
Unipontidinium aquaeductum, P. laticinctum, Systematophora placacantha
Apteodinium spiridoides
Sphenolithus heteromorphus
18.12
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) etrusca
Thalassiosira praeconvexa
Denticulopsis hyalina (LCO)
D17
Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa
Thalassiosira miocenica
RN6
Carpocanopsis cristata
M. cushmani, M. mediterranea
Hh 3
Neodenticula kamtschatica (FCO)
Cyrtocapsella japonica, Lithopera (Glomaria) thornburgi
Liriospyris parkerae
N. tournoueri, Miolepidocyclina spp.
Platygonus vetus
Rouxia californica Thalassiosira miocenica
Denticulopsis dimorpha
Labyrinthodinium truncatum
Discoaster deflandrei group (acme)
B. melo group
Globigeriantella insueta s.str.
O. plictatula, C. plannonica
Denticulopsis simonsenii
H. granulatatesta group
Globorotalia zealandica, Globorotalia semivera
Thalassiosira praeoestrupii
Hh 4
Didymocyrtis mammifera
Globorotalia miozea
M4 M3
Lithopera (Lithopera) bacca, Phormostichoartus doliolum
CN4
Cousteaudinium aubryae
Globorotalia incognita
M. latimarginata parvipunctata
NPD7A
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara, Cyrtocapsella japonica
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
C5E
Diartus petterssoni
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
NN4
Thalassiosira oestrupii
Thalassiosira antiqua Didymocyrtis antepenultima.
Miracinonyx inexpectatus
Tarantian
Ensenadan
Ursus
Thalassiosira latimarginata C. carinata, C. simplex, A. convexa, A. emathlae
Botryostrobus miralestensis
Diartus hughesi
Smilodon gracilis, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
Nanippus peninsulatus, Ogmodontomys sawrockensis
NPD5A
a
Globorotalia archeomenardii
T. insigna
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara
Spongaster berminghami
RN7
Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Ondatra annectens, Meglonyx weatleyi
Ogmodontomys poaphagus
Didymocyrtis penultima Acrobotrys tritubus
Ondatra annectens, Microtus sp. (5T)
Stegomastodon, Platygonus bicalcaratus
Nitzschia heteropolica, Medialia splendida
Cannosphaeropsis passio
Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis
Praeorbulina sicana
N6
Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus
Achomosphaera andalousiensis
Clavatorella bermudezi
Praeorbulina curva
a
N7 C5D
Globigerinoides diminutus
Bl 3
Bl 2
Stichocorys johnsoni
Dorcadospyris alata
Praeorbulina glomerosa s.str.
Bur 5/Lan 1
Acrobotrys tritubus Siphostichartus corona
Discoaster signus
16.97
Pterocorys campanula
Stichocorys peregrina
NSR 9B (Ehren. variabilis)
Achomosphaera alcicornu
Cyclicargolithus floridanus (LCO)
b
C-Sequence
15.97
RN9
Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus
Acrobotrys tritubus
Ehrenbergina variabilis, Cassidulina subglobosa, Martinottiella cylindrica, Bolboforma fragori (nanno), Bolboforma spiralis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (pl. foram)
b
M5
Blancan
Bl 1
Spongaster pentas
Sphenolithus heteromorphus
NN5
U. margaritifera
Pterocanium prismatium
Diartus hughesi
Gramocysta verricula
Helicosphaera ampliaperta
N8
Spongaster berminghami, Spongaster klingi
Lithopera (Lithopera) neotera
Praeorbulina glomerosa s.str.
C5B
Didymocyrtis avita
Ondatara zibethicus
Borophagus diversidens, Megalonyx leptostomus, Glyptotherium
Palaeocystodinium sp. A, Lophocysta sulcolimbata
c
Globigeriantella insueta s.str.
Praeorbulina sicana
Spongaster tetras tetras
Spongaster pentas
Ir 1
Diartus petterssoni
Globorotalia archeomenardii
Fohsella peripheroacuta
Phormostichoartus doliolum
RN10
Bison
Microtus meadensis, Lemmiscus curtatus
Bl 4
Actinocyclus oculatus
Amiculosphaera umbraculum
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus
Clavatorella bermudezi -- top of regular
Globorotalia praescitula Fohsella peripheroronda
M6
Amphirhopalum ypsilon
Megalonyx jeffersonii
Onadatra idahoensis, Smilodon gracilis
Thalassiosira jacksonii Neodenticula koizumii
Mictrotus meadensis, Microtus paroperarius
Smilodon populator
Thalassiosira marujamica
NPD8
Lychnodictyum audax
Ir 2
Bl 5
Anthocyrtidium pliocenica
Phormostichoartus fistula
Ir 3
Thalassiosira convexa Neodenticula kamtschatica (LCO)
Cannosphaeropsis passio
P. rokae
Cassigerinella martinezpicoi
Didymocyrtis avita
European Mammals
Pyxidicula horridus
Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi
Carpocanopsis cristata
Coronocyclus nitescens
Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens
Neodenticula kamtschatica
ELMA
Platygonus compressus
Coscinodiscus pustulatus
Pyxidicula pustulata Neodenticula seminae
NPD5D
Cerebrocysta poulsenii, Cordosphaeridium minimum
Calcidiscus premacintyrei (LCO)
NN6
Theocorythium trachelium trachelium. Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus
RN11a
Cyclicargolithus floridanus Clavatorella bermudezi
Neodenticula koizumii
NPD9
Dictyocoryne ontongensis
Palaeocystodinium golzowense
Discoaster kugleri
Discoaster kugleri
Thalassiosira antiqua Fragilariopsis doliolus
D19
Calcidiscus premacintyrei
b
RN11b
Didymocyrtis penultima
Helicosphaera stalis (FCO)
NN8
NPD10
North American Mammals
Denticulopsis dimorpha
a
Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis ( LCO)
Stichocorys peregrina
Stichocorys delmontensis
Palaeocystodinium golzowense
Proboscia curvirostris
Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporus
Stichocorys delmontensis
Labyrinthodinium truncatum
Discoaster neohamatus Menardella limbata
Anthocyrtidium jenghisi
RN12a
A. speyeri
Actinocyclus oculatus
Theocorythium vetulum
RN8
Discoaster hamatus
Globorotalia praemenardii
N9
Catinaster calyculus
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus
N11
Decahedrella martinheadii
Rhizosolenia matuyamai
Pterocorys zancleus
Cycladophora davisiana
Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura, Labyrinthodinium truncatum, Cristadinium cristatoserratum
Palaeocystodinium golzowense
Discoaster bellus
Globorotalia fohsi lobata
Globorotalia lenguanensis
M8/ M9
CN7
Planorbulinella spp., D. italica
Fohsella fohsi
C5AD 15
Neogloboquadrina mayeri Fohsella fohsi s.l.
12.72
Minylitha convallis
Minylitha convallis
Discoaster bollii
RN12b
NSR 10 (Bolbo. metsmacheri)
Barssidium evangelinae
Catinaster coalitus
Neogloboquadrina nympha
Globorotalia panda
C5AB
13.82
11.80
N14 N13
Discoaster hamatus
Globorotalia partimlabiata
Globoturborotalita decoraperta
11.61
Reticulofenestera pseudoumbilicus FCO
O. complanata
Paragloborotalia siakensis
N15
CN8
Hirsutella cibaoensis
Hirsutella juanai
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis s.s. -- base regular
C5
Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura
Discoaster quinqueramus
Discoaster pentaradiatus FCO
Globorotalita challengeri
Serravillian
10
Tortonian
Tor 2
Discoaster loeblichii
Discoaster loeblichii
Globigerinoides extremus Globorotalia lenguaensis (Atl. only)
PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica, Globorotalia crassaformis, Globorotalia puncticulata, Neogloboquadrina humerosa
Pterocanium prismatium
Anthocyrtidium michelinae
NALMA
S. contortus, A. woodwardi
Rhizosolenia matuyamai
Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa
Candeina nitida
Globorotalia plesiotumida
S. North Sea: Hyalinea balthica
Bolboforma metzmacheri, Cibicides telegdi; PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral), Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina acostaensis
Cristadinium diminutivum
a
Neogloboquadrina humerosa
C4A
D20
Discoaster surculus (FCO)
Globorotalia juanai
M13
NSR 11 (Neoglob. atlantica)
Cassidulina grossa LCO, Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri, Nonion affine LCO, Monspeliensis pseudotepida, Globorotalia inflata (pl. foram)
Selenopemphix armageddonensis
Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea)
C4
Discoaster quinqueramus
CN9 b
NSR 12A (Glob. inflata)
Cristadinium diminutivum
Nicklithus amplificus
Heterostegina spp., Planorbulinella spp.
Globorotalia cibaoensis
Operculodinium piaseckii
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus
c
b
NSR 12B (Cass. grossa)
Zonal Markers
NPD11
Pterocorys campanula
Barssidinium evangelinae
Ceratolithus acutus
Ceratolithus acutus
d
Invertocysta lactymosa
Operculodinium piaseckii
Operculodinium tegillatum
Reticulofenestra antarctica
Ceratolithus rugosus
b a
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata, Operculodinium janduchenei
Anthocyrtidium nosicaae
Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos Anthocyrtidium angulare
Edwardsiella sexispinosum
Spiniferites splendidus
b
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster ovata
Anthocyrtidium euryclathrum
Amiculosphaera umbracula
Spiniferites cf. pseudofurcatus
Nicklithus amplificus
Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) (FCO)
7.26
Melitasphaeridium choanophorum
Discoaster tricorniculatus
Amaurolithus primus
d
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (dex.) Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (sin.)
Selenopemphix brevispinosa
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata
Globigerinoides conglobatus
Globorotalia nicolae
C3A
Discoaster asymmetricus (FCO)
c
alt NN11a
Messinian 7.25
Me 2
b
Pterocorys hertwegii
Thallassiosira jouseae
Lamprocyrtis nigriniae
Cassidulina grossa, Ammonia beccari
Zones
Rancholabrean
Anthocyrtidium angulare
Selenopemphix brevispinosa, Piccoladinium fenestratum
a
NN13
NN12
Globorotalia pliozea, Globorotalia sphericomiozea
Invertocysta tabulata
Discoaster surculus Discoaster tamalis
CN10
Globorotalia tumida
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata
Spiniferites pachyderma
a
Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens
5.77
D21
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus
a
5.33
Discoaster triradiatus
Sphenolithus spp.
Globigerinoides seiglei
5
Discoaster triradiatus (acme)
a
Menardella exilis Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi
4.62
NN17
NN15 NN14
Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) crassaformis s.l. Pulleniatina spectabilis
Discoaster brouweri
NN16
Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling) Globorotalia tosaensis
d
CN12
Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling) Globorotalia inflata
NN18
Amiculosphaera umbracula
Tethyan Ostracodes
Messinian
C2A
PL5
Globoturborotalita decoraperta
Menardella exilis
Selenopemphix dionaeacysta
Boreal Ostracodes
Serravillian
Pia 1
Menardella (Globorotalia) miocenica (Atl); Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pac)
Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)
a
Stylatractus universus
RN13
Calcidiscus macintyrei
Other Diatoms
Proboscia curvirostris
RN14
Tuberculodinium vancampoae
b
Helicosphaera sellii
medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (bmG event)
Zonal Markers
NPD12
Buccinosphaera invaginata
Collosphaera tuberosa
Zones
Burdigalian
3.27
Globigerinoides extremus Menardella pertenuis
2.80
Pia 2
Piacenzian
PL6
Globoturborotalita apertura
b
NSR 13 (Cass. teretis)
RN17 RN16 RN15
Other Radiolarians
Montehermosan
Ge 1
2.50
Globigerinoides fistulosus
Melitasphaeridium choanephorum
Elphidium clavatum, Cassidulina teretis, Cassidulina scaldisiensis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
Zonal Markers
Huayquerian
2.16
Globorotalia truncatulinoides [Pacific]
CN13
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis
North Sea Event
Chasicoan
2.59
Ge 2
Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) truncatulinoides
Pulleniatina (Atl.) -- reappearance
Melitasphaeridium choanephorum, L. parviconvexa
NN19
Globoturborotalita obliquus
Zones
Italian Pleistocene Stages
Laventan
Pulleniatina finalis Pulleniatina finalis
Tectatodinium pellitum
Reticulofenestra asanoi (FCO)
Globigerina cariacoensis
Zonal Markers
Colloncuran
MIS 52 (Cala 2) MIS 58 (Cala 1) 1.65
a
Zones Un-named
Spiniferites elongatus
Pseudoemiliania lacunosa medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. reentrance (reemG event)
Other Dinocysts
Stage
Santacrucian
Globorotalia crassaformis hessi
c
Zonal Markers
South Asian American Mammals Mammals ALMA SALMA
Colhuehuapian
CN14
Zones
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in" transitional" waters]
Emiliania huxleyi
b
Globorotalia hirsuta
1.54
C2
CN15
Other Nannofossils
Regional Stages
un-named
Globoquadrina pseudofoliata
a
1.81
Gelasian
N22
NN21 NN20
Globigerinoides ruber rosa
Zonal Markers
Mammals
Irvingtonian
E. Pleist.
Globorotalia tosaensis
Pt1
Zones
Charophytes
Hemphilian
C1
Globorotalia flexuosa
Zonal Markers
Ostracodes
Clarendonian
Pleistocene
0.79
b
0.44
MIS 12 0.64 MIS 16 0.86 MIS 22
Globorotalia flexuosa
Zones
Diatoms
Barstovian
M. Pleist.
Bolliella calida
Additional Foraminifers
North Sea
Radiolarians
Hemingfordian
LGM MIS 6 MIS 8
0.126
Other Foraminifers
North Atlantic
Other Larger Benthic Foraminifers
North Sea Microfossil Zones
NPD7Bc
Lt. Pleist.
Zonal Markers
Dinoflagellate Cysts
NPD7Bb
Holocene
Zones
Calcareous Nannofossils
NPD7Ba
Stage
Larger Benthic Foraminifers
NPD4Bb
Epoch
Planktonic Foraminifers
NPD4Ba
Period
Sequences Marine Marine GeoO-18 C-13 magnetic Composite T-R Major T-R Composite Sequences 0 0 Polarity Global Cycles Cycles 0 ( /00 PDB) 5 0 ( /00 PDB) 2
Not named
0
Standard Chronostratigraphy
Quaternary
Age
Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.
Saucesian
Cordosphaeridium cantharellum Thalassiosira fraga
NSR 8B (Cat. unicavus)
20.43
M. globulina
Tenuitella munda
Sumatradinium soucouyantae
Helicosphaera carteri FCO Globoquadrina globularis
Deflandrea phosphoritica
a Ch 4/Aq 1
23.03
M. gunteri
NN1
Globigerina ciperoensis
C6C
Globorotalia mendacis
P. delicata, M. complanatus / formosensis group, G. assilinoides, E. dilatata, S. blanckenhorni
Globigerinoides primordius (FCO)
Invertocysta tabulata
a/b
Sphenolithus delphix Dictylcoccites bisectus
Caligodinium amiculum
Membranophoridium aspinatum
Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis
Deflandrea phosphoritica
Sphenolithus delphix
MN2
Stephanochara berdotensis
Rocella gelida
Stephanochara berdotensis
Cephalogale, Menoceras (a rhino), Moropus, Ysengrinia (amphicyonine amphicyonid), Zodiolestes (a paleomustelid) in Ar 3
Cyrtocapsella cornuta Calocycletta (Calocyclopsis) serrata, Calocycletta (Calocycletta) virginis, Bottyostrobus miralestensis.
Cyrtocapsella tetrapera
Sphenolithus capricornutus
NPD1
Carpocanopsis favosa
Max. abundance of Chiropteridium spp. (over 80% of total dinocyst association)
Sphenolithus umbrellus
Nummulites bouillei, C. eidae, Myopgypsina septentrionalis, B. pygmaea
Tenuitella gemma
Chiropteridium galea
b
Sphenolithus disbelemnos
Discoaster druggi Globigerinoides trilobus s.l. Globigerina euapertura
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) robusta
Deflandrea phosphoritica, Chiropteridium galea, Chiropteridium spp.
Globoquadrina dehiscens
Paragloborotalia kugleri
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginisburgi
C. semipunctata
Rantzieniella nitida
MN1
D. minor
Chiropteridium spp.
Siliceous biofacies LCO, Cibicidoides mundulus, Aulacodiscus insignis var. (sp. 3,4,5) (diatom); S. NORTH SEA = Globigerina officinalis, Almaena osnabrugensis
a
Eucyrtidium diaphanes
RP22
Artophormis gracilis
Menoceras
S. delemontensis, P. pontonxensis
Thalassiosira praefraga
Lychnocanoma elongata
Curpocanopsis cingulata
Dorcadospyris papilio
Issiodoromys pseudanoema
C7A
N3, P22
Dorcadospyris forcipata
O6
SB23 Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri
b
Chattian
N. fichteli
Distatodinium biffii
Chiropteridium lobospinosum
c
C8
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) robusta
RP21
Ch 1/Ru 4
SB22b
27.50
O5
28.45
N2, P21
Globigerinita boweni
Ru 3
N1, P20
C11
Phthanoperidinium amoenum
a Saturnodinium pansum
Turborotalia ampliapertura
Phtanoperidinium spp.
Rhombodinium draco, Corrundinium incompositum
b
CP17 /18*
Paragloborotalia opima opima
Reticulofenestra umbilicus / R.hillae (south high lat)
CP17 /18
Hyracodontidae
Ar 1
Blainvillimys heimersheimensis
C. semipunctata
R. vig. s.z. a
Isthmolithus recurvus
{CP18}
c
Reticulofenestra umbilicus / R.hillae (low-mid lat.)
Schizophacus cooksoniae
NSR 7A (Ader. agterbergi)
Adercotryma agterbergi, Annectina biedai, Rotaliatina bulimoides, DWAF LCO (rare); PLANK. FORAMS = Reticulophragmium acutidorsatum, Ammodiscus latus, Reticulophragmoides jarvisi
Rupelian
Blainvillimys helmeri, Viverridae Blainvillimys gregarius, Entelodon, Plagiolophus ministri, Primates
Suevian
C. ret.
MP22
Diceratherium, Protoceras
Artophormis barbadensis
Deflandrea granulata Schizophacus cooksoniae, Samlandia chlamydophora, Achilleodinium biformoides
Rhabdochara major
Centrobotrys petrushevskayae, Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio Centrobotrys gravida
Pseudosciuridae, Issiodoromys medius, Blainvillimys helmeri
MP23
Centrobotrys petrushevskayae
Deflandrea granulata
30
Merycoidodon
Rocella vigilans
Lychnodictyum audax
Artophormis gracilis, Lithocyclia crux
Janjukian
Issiodoromys minor, Soricidae
Centrobotrys thermophila
Areoligera semicirculata
28.4
MP24
Palaeocastor, Erinaceidae, Talpinae, Kalobatippus, Dinohyus
Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio
Chiropteridium lobospinosum
Areoligera semicirculata
Blainvillimys blainvillei
Chara microcera
Didymocyrtis prismatica
RP20
Corrudinium incompositum
a
Pseudohastigerina naguewichiensis
NP22
D14
NSR 7B (Turr. alsatica)
Achilleodinium biformoides
Apteodinium spiridoides
NP23
32.19
O1
Lithocyclia crux Lychnocanoma trifolium
Rhombodinium draco
SB21
P18
Chara microcera
Theocyrtis annosa Theocyrtis tuberosa
a Nephrolepidina praemaginata, E. formosoides
O2
C12 Ru 2
Rocella symmetrica
Enneadocysta pectiniformis
Enneadocysta arcuata
P19
Dorcadospyris ateuchus
MP25
Meniscomys H. montosa
Sphenolithus ciperoensis Subbotina angiporoides
Rupelian
Turrilina alsatica LCO
Spiniferella cornuta
Sphenolithus pseudoradians
O3
Plagiolophus, Nyctitheriidae, Blainvillimys blainvillei
L. scrobiculata
R. vig. s.z. b Tristylospyris triceros
Tenuitellinata juvenilis
30
NP24
Wetzeliella symmetrica group, Thalassiphora pelagica
Distatodinium biffii
b B. bulloides
Zemorrian
Bogorovia veniamini
C. droogeri
Globigerina angulisuturalis
Plesiosorex, Issiodoromys pauffiensis
Stephanochara ungeri
Lithocyclia angusta
O4 29.45
Parvericius, Caninae Poebrotherium
Sphenolithus ciperoensis to S. distentus (abundance shift)
Chiloguembelina cubensis (LCO)
C10
Sphenolithus predistentius
Pentadinium laticinctum imaginatum Svalbardella cooksoniae
SB22a
Oligocene
Paleogene
28.4
Ch 2
Sphenolithus distentus
Turrilina alsatica LO, Spirosigmoilinella compressa (pl. foram) LCO, Dorothia seigliei
Spiniferella cornuta
D15
Stephanochara ungeri
B. ven.
Globigerina labiacrassata Sphenolithus umbrellus
Chattian
Issiodoromys pauffiensis, Anoplotheriidae
MP26
Dorcadospyris papilio
Areoligera semicirculata
Nummulites vascus
C9
Rocella gelida Chara notata
Wetzeliella gochtii
CP19
25
MP27 Issiodoromys quercyi
NSR 8A (Siliceous biofacies)
Globigerinoides primordius
Paragloborotalia opima opima
Ar 2 Meniscomys
Chiasmolithus altus
M. complanatus, C. eidae
Issiodoromys quercyi, Dichobunidae
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus (acme)
Myopgypsina septentrionalis
Issiodoromys limognensis
Entoptychus
Chara notata Lychnocanoma trifolium
NP25
MP28
Arvernian
25
24.84
R. gel.
Issiodoromys limognensis
Whitneyan
Ch 3
Distatodinium biffii, Membranophoridium aspinatum
23.03
Theridomyidae Issiodoromys pseudanoema
Arikareean (Geringian)
C7
Issiodoromys bransatensis
MP29
Tuberculodinium vancampoae Distatodinium biffii
MP30
Nimravinae
Rantzieniella nitida
Zygrhablithus bijugatus Sphenolithus ciperoensis
Longfordian
Deseadan
Caligodinium amiculum
D16
Triquetrorhadulus serratus
23.03
N. helvetica
RN1 SB24
M1
Ar 3
Calocycletta (Calocyclopsis) serrata
Membranilarnacia? picena Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri
N4
20.43
Siliceous biofacies; S. NORTH SEA = Globigerina ciperoensis, Globoquadrina praedehiscens, Dentoglobigerina baroemoensis
M socini
Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa
b C6B
Thalassiphora pelagica
Cordosphaeridium cantharellum
Tinguirirican
Aq 2
Paragloborotalia kugleri
21.44
CN1
c
c
Leptodinium sp. III
Globoturborotalita angulisuturalis
C6AA
NN2
M. tani Globorotalia incognita
Aquitanian
Helicosphaera ampliaperta
Tabenbulukian
C6A
Aq 3/Bur 1
20
Theocyrtis annosa
Hsandgolian
20.43
C. moosi
Aquitanian
Globigerinoides altiaperturus
20
Aldingan
Centrobotrys gravida
Phormostichoartus fistula Dictyoprora pirum
Stephanochara pinguis
Harrisichara turberculata
Orellan
Pantolestidae, Ischyromys, Hypertragulus calcaratus, Bothriodon, Mesohippus
Blainvillimys gregarius, Issiodoromys medius
MP21
Bothriodon
September 2008
