15

U*tlW

Uing the #define strtcmcnt Liæ I and Lim 2 of rh€ prcgnm contain thc #defiûe $âtcmcnL Thc *d€tinc starcmcnt .'#defitc for a patialtr dcfiues a æ srring of chmçteG IB thÊ ebfle progm STR '0"' tells the omputer that ilytime ir coms acros the nmc "STR", ir should replacc it with the chæder "0". Likryisq " #define END 'Z' " rells the @mputd that thc @ is to bc EpLaæd with thc chaBcter "2", "END" for using thc # dcfinc ststqmt ir to Gte prcgems 6icr to sd ud to chsngs letq. If, in thc abm prcgnn rc ùscd thc chaBctcr "0" a lMbq of timË thrcu8ùoul th€ prcgm md w wished to changc all of thm to "A', it would b€ much 6i€r to chegc the #definc statmeot onca, Bthf thæ makirg multiple charyÉ The twon

lnrtmendng and decrcmenting hcE cstablirh6 thc initial nluc for wiablc "ch" æ ,.'0"', and a€lls it to keep repeating the Iæp "whilc (ch
srrnd(reedl ra.d;

i

l*

O.0 < s..d < ' l.O

t * 30000.0; -!c.d l .tccd l t {-8 r.d l 0, 0 rctun€d; if x=0, I Etumcd) Forced ænvc$ioo/rpccifioliotr of r (@r opcrator). Vsiablc x btÊc lfigih wluc siæf(typc) illcSd.

-x !x (lyF) x siæf (x)

Corôd,ord

ahcir fuÉ-tio$'

PèMatEtical fmdion argum6! opcntio$, SpçcifJ arny dmcnts, Spæify rtructun mcmbæ SHifr6 structurc membds using pointcr'

Unrt opotoE *F rh +)! -r + + x , --x x + + ! x- -

r&y r^y xly te&! ril y

uscd by C dd

Multiplidtioû, divirio& modulB (mainder of x dividcd by y). Addition. suhnctim. x hft bir shift./ri8ht bit shift y tim* nchtionÂl opcntoE (tne-I, falæ=o). Equalily (uræqual-O' cqual=l)' lD€qustity (uncqusl= l, cqùal=0). Bit AND of x md y. Bir XOR of x srld y, Bit OR of r end y. t giel AND of x and y (l if ncithn x strd v æ 0). Irgiel oR of x and y û if trcittt x or v æ O).

(|iiloDlrl

opcnl6)

y if r È truc (othcr thaD o), z lf r is fals (O).

x 1 y Iz

Ardtmt opntoE AsigE y to wiable x' x=y Multipli6 x ùy y and ssign$ Eult to r xt =yex-x*y Dividcs x by y N4d ssigtr 6ul1 to x. x/=yoa:a1y rr7.-yr x+ =lrl,x- =y, x< < =y, x> > =y, nÈ-y' x | =y, x^:y Thc follwing

hble shm

the prctdere

and âsiativity

of thc abæ

opcBtoÊ

t!l

CtAtrC

Ch*ùfr

P@aæ

of Ofat

r

^rodrddqr

-a P|lcrdæ

A&irrnitt

ODaûoÉ

( ) , n, * >

Hirrt UEy

L4ft ao.tùr

r +, - -,

Mùltipli.rih/ divida

-, (IlD.),

*, tt, riæf

+ .t.i

I4fr ro rltùr -

Al.iti.E/ sùadiù

+

snift



lrft b rbùt + Irtr o rllln

nd.ddf E$dity IIit AND

&

trâ ro rlfhr + kfr b rthr

Bir r(On lIr On r.d..l

AND

l!|lc.l

Of

-

Cotditioûd

I

Arirwa

-,

Lft

b rtllt

Irft

to ri!ùt

-

&t

Lô to rirbl

+-,

--,

r

*=,/-,oràa

Ord

*rinj

iù!Èd.

='Z'l 2 | z 0;

tbc folbdrt

d.tr Ntm.tÈ.[y:

*dcfiDc NI,LL 0 #&fio. EoF -l *dcdhc FILE cùrr ch.r *ddir; cùrr *idolt; cùt *rôcr; intGm; H@,

qra!

dcdutbr

ir rqqiËd ùo e

{dir,

ddoltt, nddr ed moÀ

llt

4Fdtrr, dr2); cùû *rtrl, *strz;

App@rb strins !&2 ro 6d of driût rtrl.

tlrEpy(trar, fstr); chù l.trtr, *frÊr;

Copicr rtriry frtr to ltrht

r-|lr@D(rtrl, |tttrl, 6ù iot r;

Crmp|Ë rrtwO

nr2); *|r12;

| =lrrlc{dr); cùar tt rtr i int l;

IÊtuû

arry tstr.

ûiûa rtrl ytah drirg !trz. lf idc!tuL lf dillcmt Eturu db6thrO.

lcngth {numbq of chucrcB) of ilrina $r,

Nrncric Surcdorr

ilt

y = qrt{x)

Calilla6

rqurc mt

y

- rin(x) y = cs(r)

C.kùlû6

3le

Crhrlrta

ûiæ

Y - trn(r)

ùlohtca

t[lant

y rbr(r) y * rp(r)

C.lculûË

rtcûtrtaa

Cdfll-.

ÊFffir

ôf r

y * lo!û)

CrlculrlË

[aunl

bt|ri]hm

r - p o fty)

Cdculd6

r to tbc pG

qlCn)

Spæifr6 tlæ unit of auuhr ÉumcnL n-0: DEO, I : l D, 2: GRAD

m z ebs{n)

Ædjm thc nal vduc of intqc typc dE D.

of r.

of r.

of r. of r, of r.

of L

of y.

rypc velw n to intcgr

priûtf(rr ûtùûlzr-X fpdntf(fp, !' ql,8r4-.)

PEfoæ

;

r, sSI,q2,-)3 rp.iDt(* cbrr rl.r; eqptr$im FII.E i.S] ecùrtrla|rÎry cbû dl; to b. uillo æ.n(|' ûtl,..fÀ-); ftÊ.a(fo, r r[l,|tf2

-);

!sânf(r., r rrtl,!rfÀ-)i tfr; èaprBdoo dur rrh; FtlE ttfi& ràr, tts: êcbtæLr to bc ta.l

Op.lht

ertl doôS

flË

fp-tuna(flamc chu dtfltame Fll.E t*fp; m=fdor(fp); PILE ITfp; iil ffi;

of qpcdoî

hrfm

oùrlDt qtput

b. ftrfmr

qtFrt of apctùn

of aprltrim

nrbrn[ input of rrpn:do ilp|rt of spr!.riol hrbrE tr fF irnn of aDæ$irn kdm s . whm fuElim Etu ==

oulFri. to lrÉûd to bt to fib toinlld

lo ùmc{cr rny e

inFt. fm ûrùd tiom lihtoitrtotl to fm

cbatrls

EOF, æ

nrir3

d @F.

(S) modc); {