Non-thermal" Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier in Fischer rats by exposure to microwaves Persson, Bertil R; Malmgren, Lars; Brun, Arne; Eberhardt, Jacob; Nittby, Henrietta; Salford, Leif Published in: Acta Scientiarum Lundensia

Published: 2012-01-01

Link to publication

Citation for published version (APA): Persson, B. R., Malmgren, L., Brun, A., Eberhardt, J., Nittby, H., & Salford, L. (2012). Non-thermal" Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier in Fischer rats by exposure to microwaves. Acta Scientiarum Lundensia, 2012-006(006), 1-39.

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Acta Scientiarum Lundensia (open access)

Vol V2012-006

2012-12-29

   

   

 

Volume ASL 2012-006

Citation: (Acta Scientiarum Lundensia) Persson B. R. R., Malmgren, L., Brun, A., Eberhardt, J., Nittby, H., and Salford, L. G., (2012). "Non-thermal" Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier in Fischer rats by exposure to microwaves, Acta Scientiarum Lundensia, Vol. 2012-006, pp. 1-39, ISSN 1651-5013

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Acta Scientiarum Lundensia (open access)

Vol V2012-006

    Research article: 

    “Non‐Thermal” Effects on the Blood‐Brain Barrier   in Fischer rats by exposure to microwaves.        

Bertil R.R. Persson, Lars Malmgren, Arne Brun, Jacob Eberhardt,   Henrietta Nittby and Leif G. Salford,  Lund University, S‐221 85 Lund Sweden     

Corresponding author:  Bertil R.R. Persson,    Lund University, Dept. of medical radiation physics,    Barngatan 2, S‐22185 Lund Sweden   E‐mail: [email protected]   

 

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2012-12-29

Acta Scientiarum Lundensia (open access)

Vol V2012-006

2012-12-29

  Abstract. Effect of 915 MHz electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the blood brain-barrier (BBB) permeability has been studied in Fischer 344 rats of both sexes. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed in a Transverse Electromagnetic Transmission line chamber to microwaves of 915 MHz as continuous wave (CW) and pulse-modulated with different pulse power and at various time intervals. The CW-pulse power varied from 0.001W to 10 W and the exposure time from 2 min. to 960 min. In each experiment we randomly placed 4 rats in excited and 4 control rats in non-excited TEM-cells respectively. The rats were not anaesthetised during the exposure. The rats were exposed to 915 MHz microwaves, either continuous wave (CW) or pulse modulated at 4,8,16 or 217 Hz with 0.57 ms pulse width, or pulse modulated at 50 Hz with 6.6 ms pulse width as well as from a real GSM-900 telephone. All animals were sacrificed by perfusion-fixation of the brains under chloralhydrate anaesthesia after the exposure. The brains were then perfused, first with saline for 3-4 minutes, and then with 4% formaldehyde for 5-6 minutes. Whole coronal sections of the brains were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 5 μm. The degree of albumin leakage was demonstrated immune-histo-chemically and classified in order of increased number of albumin extravasations by a rank number: 0 - 0.5 - 1.0 - 1.5 - 2 - 3. Pathological albumin leakage was judged as albumin extravasations equal to or larger than 1. The frequency of pathological rats in all control groups was about 17%. Among rats exposed to pulse modulated microwaves the ratio of pathological rats was 170/481(0.35±0.03) and among rats exposed to continuous wave exposure (CW) it was 74/149 (0.50±0.07). These results are both highly significantly different to their corresponding controls (p