n Pr¡ ilistic C¡nt¥0t-Frее Gr mm rs DDEGIDR ... - Thierry PAQUET

allows the symbol to rewrite as.ба or our example grammar, this requirement is ... could lead to a significantly larger or smaller likelihood in the limit, we say.
202KB taille 3 téléchargements 94 vues
       "!$#% &' () &+* * +  ,,.-0/213,465 798:9;=798 ?A@CBD7EBGFIH0BJFLK0H MONPRQTS U$V>WU$XXX [Y Z \   ]^_&`C

a_bdcfegcihdjDklcfenmdcfegofplqsrtcukvbdcxwycfhTcfpvzL{|q|}fzLkvqsjyh~jD+klbdcu€jDpg‚zDplm„ƒ…r†zDoˆ‡‰‚zDplmŠzD{swyjypgqskvbT‹ €jyp%bdq|mTmdcfh ŒzDpg‡DjJŽi‹ j„mTcf{|ekvjz%kvpvzLq|hdqshdwzD{swyjypgqskvbT‹€jypo`jyh‰kvc’‘„k“ƒ…€pgcfc”wyplzD‹C‹CzDpgef•n–2zLoˆb—jL_kvbdc`elckvplzDq|h˜ƒ q|hdwuzD{swyjypgqskvbT‹Ceqse'™tjDelelqsrd{|cL•'£žhkvbTq|e'egcfo`klq|jyh$œt.cmdcfegofplqsrtcbTjGŠklbdq|e™dplqshdofqs™d{|cpgczD{sq|}`cfm q|h”kvbTc£žhTelq|mTcIƒ“ç'TklelqsmdczD{|wyjDplqsklbd‹Þ€jyp_™†zDplzD‹ c`kvc`p_cfe“kvq|‹CzLklq|jyh”jDofjDhRklcI‘˜kgƒ¯€plc`czL{|wyjypgqsklbd‹ qse2zd™šm†zLklcfef• xc zD{|egj[mdcfpgqsŽycklbdcfegc€pgjy‹àklbdc¤wycfhdc`pvzD{¦–2Œ zD{|wyjDplqsklbd‹ mdq|pgcfoIkv{s¨D•

i]  Z ÜÞÝ   * >' £žhkvbdqse>egcfo`klq|jyhn‚c ®{s{mdcIĆhdcegjy‹CcEqs{|{¦ršc+pvzLklbdcfpwycfhTcfpvzL{¯œªzLhdmkvbdc€jypl‹d{›zDe3‹CzJ¨nelc`cf‹Aofjy‹ ™d{|c’‘tœtrd„kq|hklbdc !!!

!

&

&





hdcI‘˜k2elc`o`klq|jyh[‚c_Eqs{|{˜wyqsŽDcEz¤mTc`kˆzLq|{|c`mmdcfegofpgq|™Tklq|jyh[jDšbdjJâklbdcfegcEd™tmdzLkvc`e.zLplcEzDoIkv†zD{s{s¨{seljdœD.c_elcIk&kvbdc‚™dpljyrdzDrdq|{sqskž¨klb†zLk&ršcfwyqshdhdqshdwEq¡kvb+kvbTc9egkvzDpgk&e“¨˜‹+rtjD{ .c_ozLhmdcfpgqsŽyc.kvbdc_e“kvplqshdw        c` ˜dzD{ªkvj  I•a_b†z´kqsefœ 





















              

!

_a bdcz[elT‹§jGŽDcfp 

i

k

j

k+1

       "!$#&%(' )*+*$, -/.01324'5#46745!8' )-:9;6*?#9@6=A!$#467#&6>*$- ,5B+!8,CED £žhkvbdcelzD‹Cc+‚z¨yœ0q¡2klbdcjyTklelqsmdc+™dpgjyr†zDrdqs{|q¡kvq|c`e>zLplcq|hTqskvq|zD{|qs}fc`mnzLe     è zDhdm    GF €jyp I H  œdklbdcfh kvbdc °ezLplcwyq¡Žycf h%r‰¨kv bTc¤€jD{|{|jJEqshdw+plc`ofdpgelq¡ŽyccI‘„™dplc`elegq|jyh $                K J            !  L KM  

















 





 





 















æ>w‰zLq|hªœyklbdc3Ädplegk2™†zLq|p&jDteld‹ e2ozDh rtc_Ž˜q|cI‚c`mzDeo`jyhdelqsmdcfpgq|hdwklbdc9kˆzDrT{|cDœyklbdc_jyTklelqsmdc_™dpljDr†zDrdqs{|qskž¨¤€jypczDoˆb oˆbdq|{smq|e&d™šm†zLklcfm delqshdw'kvbTc_jyTkvegq|mdc‚™dpljyrdzDrdq|{sqskž¨jDÖq¡kve™†zLplcfh‰kfœRkljywycIkvbdc`pEqsklb+kvbdc_qshdelqsmdc‚™dpgjyr†zDrTq|{|q¡kž¨jDÖqskleelqsrd{|qshdw hdjyh‰kvc`pl‹ q|h†zL{¯• jJ—‚cEb†zŽycEzL{|{Rkvbdc_hdc`ofc`elevzLpg¨[q|hTwyplc`mdq|c`hRklehdc`ofcfegevzDp“¨+kvjo`jy‹ ™dTkvc.kvbdc_o`jydh‰kve`•&æ>e&zDh[c’‘dzL‹C™d{sc jDbdjJ kvbdc`elcklbdc¤™dpljDr†zDrdqs{|qskž¨      ~bdcfh6.cplcfzDoˆb kvbdcnkvjy™d‹ jye“khdjyh‰klcfpl‹ q|hdzD{ œ_.cozDh klbdcfh«“klpvzDo`cfr†zLoˆ‡˜­ kljiofjyhTegkvpgdo`k”klbdc 'q¡kvcfpgrdq0™†zDpgelcL• xc¤elb†zL{|{ª{sczŽyckvbTcmTc`kˆzLq|{|e_jLklbdq|eEzD{swyjypgqskvbT‹àzLezLhnc’‘Tc`plo`q|elc€jyp_klbdc¤plczLmdcfp`• a_bdco`jy‹C™TTkˆzLklq|jyh¥jy„kv{|qshdcfmubdc`plc©bdzDe+zD{s{&jD9klbdc©c`elelc`h‰kvq›zL{2€cfzLkvdpgcfeq|eklbdcChRd‹rtc`pkvdpghdejyTk'klb†zLkklbdcfpgcq|ezDh¥c Co`q|c`hRk‚z¨jD2ofjD‹C™d„kvq|hTwkvbdc™†zLpgkvq|zD{"mdcfpgqsŽLzLkvq¡Žyc+jDh¥klbdc {|cI kvb†zDhTm%egq|mdcL• Ìc ®{s{ThdjJâzDelegd‹ cDœ‰rdTkjDhd{s¨€jypo`jyh‰ŽycfhTq|cfhTofcDœ‰klb†zLkklbdc_wypvzL‹C‹CzDp"q|eqsh È bdjy‹ el‡‰¨+hdjDpl‹CzD{˜€jDpl‹%• a_bRdefœtczDoˆbnpld{scqse_cfq¡kvbdc`pjD"kvbTc€jypg‹  Íjyp  •2a_bdc t·G³ˆ± ¹Á±®·y² jDz pld{sc   Eqsklbdq|h%z+kvpgcfc 9ofzDhnršc¤el™šcfo`qsĆc`mnr‰¨%z+kvpgq|™d{sc       š• 







 

è$N







i

k

j

k+1

   % 

a_bdc9™†zLpgkvq|zD{‰mdc`plqsŽLzLklqsŽDc.jDTkvbdc.™dpljyrdzDrdq|{sqskž¨        0Eq¡kvbpgcfeg™tc`o`kklj>kvbTc‚™†zDplzD‹ c`kvc`p    jyhd{s¨¥qsh‰Žyjy{¡ŽycfekvbdjDelc™†zLplelc kvpgcfcfeEbdq|oˆb̝delc©klbdc©pgd{|c  [• È jyhTelq|mTcfpzD{s{0elc`hRklcfhdo`cfe'qsh%klbdc¤kvpvzLq|hdqshdw[m†zLkˆz ֕9a_bdc ¦zDwypvzLhdwyc¤‹+d{¡kvq|™T{|q|c`p $ q|eEwyqsŽDcfh  r‰¨ $  ofjDdh‰k   a_bdc[plc`eld{¡kve¤jD „cfoIkvq|jDhde zDhdmu¬”™dpljJŽyckl b†zLkkvbTcplcfegd{sklq|hdw ‹ j„mTcf{mTj„c`ehTjDk¤zDegelq|wDhxz”eg‹©zD{s{|c`p {|qs‡Dcf{sq|bdj˜j˜m©kvj ֕

$















!











&

*



*

F

!



 y & E è •ÅT•  •†Æ‚zD‡Dc`pfœdÏgÐ * ӚР|Ù_ÑDÏgÐDÚÚ ÐDψ×Ò´Ï>׆و٠ ”ÏvÙ  ÒlÑDÓ * Ø * Ҵӆœ &plj˜ofcfc`mdq|hTwye_jD"kvbdc „™Tplq|hTw È jyh„ƒ €cfpgcfhdo`cmdmdqseljyh˜ƒ xcfel{sc`¨D/œ "3cfzDmdq|hTwdœÖŒzDegevzDoˆbRdegc`kgkvefœ è   •  • ‚•†ÅDc`{|qshdcf‡ÖœÖÅT• ¦zL¢tcfp“kž¨yœ†zLhd-m "•ÖŒ%cfplo`cfp`:• 9Ð´× *  Ú©ÙIØ †Ò '´×Ò ;šÏvÒ ˆ Ð  *  * ×IØ *   Ҵӆ؞’ÏvوÙÑDÏgÐD6Ú  Ú ÐDÏv× ?Ö£ËÆ_@Œ "EcfelcfzDploˆAb "3c`™tjDpgk " È è  ¬  œ è  Tè • m "•ÖŒ%cfplo`cfp`:• 9Ð´× *  Ú©ÙIØ †Ò '´×Ò ;šÏvÒ ˆ Ð  *  * ×IØ *   Ҵӆ؞’ÏvوÙÑDÏgÐD6Ú   • ‚•†ÅDc`{|qshdcf‡ÖœÖÅT• ¦zL¢tcfp“kž¨yœ†zLhdÚ ÐDÏv× ?t£žhÌ#Ô †ÙˆÙ  CBEÙ  ÒlÑDÓ * Ø * Ò´ÓxÐDÓ 'ED¦Ó '˜ÙIψ×IدÐDÓ ' * ӘGÑ F*BEÙ  ÙIӆØ '´ÐDÓ  و7× 4HdÏvÙIÓ '´7× 4‚ÐDÓ 'I G( *  m "¤• 'c©Œnjypgq¯œc`mdqskljyple`• „™dplqshdwyc`p c`pl{›zLwdœ „c`plqscfe È jD‹C™d„kvcfpzDhdm  ÐDØ * Ò´ÓT7× 4;"• ¦zL zDo`c©zLhdE ˜¨˜egklcf‹ e „o`q|c`hdofc`efœ jy{|T‹Cc  œ è   • •ÅT• +• ¦zL¢tcfp“kž¨yœTÔÖدÐDØ * ×IØ *  Ð ˜ØÁÏgÐ * Ó * ӘÑÒ ÑDÏlÐDÚÚ ÐDÏv×Iœ´q|h ÔÖ؅ÐDØ * ×IØ *  Ð J¿Õ K9д×JÙ ' 8 Ò´'Ú  ˜ØËÙIÏ >ӚÐ ¿ÕG× * × ÒL).ӘÑ * × ˜œ9–_•Ƃ{|zDoˆ‡ zDhdm [• 0c`cfoˆb c`mdqskljyple`œ ¦zDhdwydzDwyc%zDhdm È jy‹ ™dTkvc`ple „cfpgq|c`efœ"3zDmdjD™dq &drd{|qselbdc`ple`œ†æ>‹ egkvc`plm†zL‹nœ è   ¬T•

&

&





*

*



&

&









&

&

&



&

$

*



&

„è *