Motivations and Personality Traits in Decision-Making Etienne de Sevin University of Paris 8 / INRIA INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Mirages, BP 105 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
[email protected]
Abstract. By modifying the intensity of the motivations to test the adaptability of our real-time model of action selection, we put in evidence a relation between motivations and personality traits. We can give to the virtual human some corresponding personality traits such as greedy, lazy or dirty in order to obtain more interesting and believable virtual humans. Keywords: motivations, personality traits, real-time decision making.
1 Introduction A large number of personality characteristics are related to motivations [1]. In this paper, we test some personality traits [2] for the virtual human in a simulated environment in real-time [3] by modifying motivational parameters.
2 Motivations and Personality Traits The personality traits in this test correspond to a specific set of motivation intensities. We defines that the virtual human behaves with greedy, lazy and dirty tendencies in 1 hunger 2 thirst 3 resting 4 toilet 5 sleeping 6 washing 7 cooking 8 cleaning 9 reading 10 communicate 11 exercice 12 watering
98% 63% 42% 36% 59% 21% 80% 10% 43% 40% 31% 75%
Motivations
Fig. 1. Number of times the motivations are satisfied by the action selection model during the 65000 iterations and the parameterization of motivations H. Prendinger, J. Lester, and M. Ishizuka (Eds.): IVA 2008, LNAI 5208, pp. 486–487, 2008. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008
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its behaviors. Thirst, hunger, cooking (greedy) and sleeping (lazy) are high whereas doing exercise (lazy), washing and cleaning (dirty) are low. Figure 1 shows that the action selection model satisfies the motivations accordingly and doesn’t neglect any of them.
3 Conclusion The motivational variations give to the virtual human distinctiveness in its behaviors since it does not react in the same way to the same situation. It depends also of the context of the simulation. In this test, the possible personality traits are linked to the twelve motivations defined in the apartment scenario [4]. However, as the number of motivations is not limited, we can add some new personality traits to the virtual human. It could be an easy way to test personality traits by tweaking motivational parameters. As we can reuse the model easily, we plan to study the link between motivations intensity and personality traits with Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) [5]. We will test the model with users to have more experimentations and validations about the influence of motivation intensity on personality traits.
Acknowledgments This research was supported partly by the Network of Excellence HUMAINE IST507422 and partly by the STREP SEMAINE IST-211486. The author would like to thank designers for their implication in the design of the simulation and Catherine Pelachaud for the helpful advices.
References 1. Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M.: Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum, New York (1985) 2. Allbeck, J., Badler, N.: Toward representing agent behaviors modified by personality and emotion. In: The 1st International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, Bologna, Italy (2002) 3. de Sevin, E., Thalmann, D.: A motivational Model of Action Selection for Virtual Humans. In: Computer Graphics International (CGI). IEEE Computer SocietyPress, New York (2005) 4. de Sevin E.: An Action Selection Architecture for Autonomous Virtual Humans in Persistent Worlds, PhD. Thesis, VRLab EPFL (2006) 5. André, E., Pelachaud, C.: Interacting with Embodied Conversational Agents. In: Chen, F., Jokinen, K. (eds.) New Trends in Speech Based Interactive Systems. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
