Manned submersible observations at cold seeps in the North
AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007. Tectonic context in the Sea of Marmara. ⢠Dextral transcurrent setting. ⢠westward propagation of earthquakes along ...
Manned submersible observations at cold seeps in the North Anatolian Fault zone, Sea of Marmara P. Henry, T. Zitter, X. Le Pichon (CEREGE/Collège de France), C. Sengor, N. Gorur (ITU), B. Mercier de Lepinay (Géosciences Azur), L. Gasperini (ISMAR), L. Geli (Ifremer), M. Tryon (Scripps) and the Marnaut Scientific Party
Tectonic context in the Sea of Marmara
From Chamot-Rooke et al., 2005
¾ Dextral transcurrent setting ¾ westward propagation of earthquakes along the North Anatolian fault zone
AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
Cold seeps in the Sea of Marmara
From Le Pichon et al., 2001 and Zitter et al. submitted
¾Mostly based on ROV observations during Marmarascarps cruise ¾All known seeps are on strike-slip fault traces ¾Most, but not all fault segments explored have cold seeps ¾A few sites display highly focused flow AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
MARNAUT cruise 12 may -12 june 2007 MARNAUT cruise operations with R/V L’ATALANTE: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
30 manned submersible dives with NAUTILE HR chirp profiling (3.5kHz) SIMRAD EK60 sounding (38kHz) for acoustic detection of gas emission Kullenberg, interface and multitubes coring CTD and rosette for water column sampling Heat flow measurements transects Yoyo-yoyo piezometrers (pore pressure measurements) Deployment of fluid flowmeters (CAT meters developped by M. Tryon) at three sites Coupled OBS-piezometer monitoring for 4 months
http://cdf.u-3mrs.fr/~henry/marmara
AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
MARNAUT cruise 12 may -12 june 2007 Objectives: ¾
Better define the relationships between active faults and fluid outlets
¾ Locate gas outlets through acoustic means ¾ Sample these fluids to determine their nature and origin ¾ Brakish water and gas ¾ Understand biogeochemical processes in the sediment and the water column ¾ Monitor fluid outflow activity and microseismicity ¾ Deployment of instruments for long term monitoring ¾ Fluxes, pore pressure and permeability ¾ Slope stability, sedimentary history and sediment transfer ¾ seismo-turbidite events in cores ¾ pore pressure and activity on landslides
AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
Brackish water seeps ¾Carbonate chimneys ¾Shimmering brackish fluids ¾Focused fluid emission ¾« Jack the smoker »
¾Ganos “Boris’ Bubbler ” : tension gashes ¾South Cinarcik : gas bubbles along en echelon normal faults
AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
Along less prominent faults in an extensive setting :
From Carton et al. 2007
75 m
¾South Cinarcik : gas bubbles along en echelon normal faults, maybe trace of a blind strike-slip fault AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
Topographic Highs / Ganos and Izmit entrance
¾ Associated with NE-SW trending anticlines: -Western High -Central high ¾Entrance of Ganos and Izmit Gulf: -no cold seeps or very scarce
AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
Associated to NE-SW Anticlinal ridges: ¾Western High : a mud volcano?
Entrance of Izmit Gulf: ¾ no cold seeps or very scarce ¾ No seafloor earthquake rupture AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
75 m
No seafloor rupture
Preliminary conclusions
¾ Confirm the relationship between cold seeps and strike-slip faults ¾ Different migration paths for water escape (drain through coarse permeable layers) and gas escape (maybe driven by gas buoyancy and capillary forces) ¾ Part of the fluid source is deep-seated within the fault zone ¾ Dives ground truth acoustic detection of bubbles within the water column ¾ Cold seeps may indicate major blind fault
AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
Acknowledgments: ¾Captain and crew of R/V L’Atalante ¾Pilots and co-pilots of the Nautile ¾The MARNAUT shipboard party ¾IFREMER ¾Istanbul Technical University ¾INSU-CNRS financial support ¾ANR grant ( T. Zitter) ¾NSF grant ( M. Tryon)
Thank you for your attention AGU Fall meeting- 10-14 December 2007
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