Welcome to Marne la Vallée Paris Est !
LLCM10AN English Phonetics
Welcome to this course in English phonetics!
Class 1 Introduction
Before starting …
To obtain important information on the course (including how to download the slides)…
General instructions • At the university, you are responsible for what you do. Your instructors are NOT your caregivers. • Respect your fellow students and instructors: you are not allowed to talk freely in class. • You must turn off your mobile phone before each class. • Attendance is mandatory (unless registered for «!contrôle terminal!»). Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
• Send an e-mail message to the following address to join the mailing list of the course:
[email protected] (without subject or message content)
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1-1. Who? Instructors • CM: Takeki Kamiyama • TD: Aurélie Toffolon, Nadia Balezou, and Takeki Kamiyama
1. General outline of the course 5W1H of LLCM10AN English Phonetics
• Make sure you know which group you are in! (group A/B/C/D, subgroup a/b) Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
1-2. When?
Weeks 4-9
Exams? • Probably on Week 11 (last but one, before Christmas), during TD (to be confirmed). Plus, • Mid-term exam, quiz, or something else, depending on your TD instructor (for those registered for «!contrôle continu!»).
Weeks 10-12
CM only CM + TD TD only Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
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1-2. When?
• CM: Monday 9:00 - 10:00 (weeks 1-9) • TD: depends on your group (weeks 4-12) Weeks 1-3
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Contrôle continu and contrôle terminal
Contrôle continu and contrôle terminal
• Basically, you have to enrol in «!contrôle continu!», unless you can justify the reason.
• Register before the end of the Class 3 (Oct. 15): • 1. at the secretariat
• Contrôle continu: attendance is mandatory; you will be graded on the final exam, the mid-term exam/quiz, and possibly on other assignments, participation, etc., depending on the TD instructor. • Contrôle terminal: you will be graded on the final exam only. Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
AND • 2. in CM, by filling in the individual information sheet (to be distributed next week: a photo should be attached) 9
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1-3. Where?
English + Phonetics • A. English: what variety of English?
• TD: Traditional language lab (room 57 or 59), or multimedia room (room 63 or 69): to be confirmed.
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1-4. What?
• CM: Lecture Theatre A3 (Rabelais)
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• B. Phonetics? • A study of speech sounds used in languages.
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1-4. What?
1-4. What?
Various accents of English
A. What variety of English?
• Can you figure out where the speaker originally comes from?
Dialects and accents • Dialects: varieties distinguished from each other by differences of grammar and vocabulary. • Accents: refers to variation in pronunciation.
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4. Hughes, Trudgill and Watt 1979/2005, p.2 Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
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LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
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1-4. What?
1-4. What?
Various accents of English • 1. Suffolk, England
• 5. Beaumont, Texas
• 2. Glasgow, Scotland
• 6. Brisbane, Australia
• 3. Kilkenny, Ireland
• 7. Nice, France
What accent to study? • The norm, standard and the model of (foreign) language teaching and learning. • "National" standard
• 4. Fresno, California
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LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
• !International standard
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1-4. What?
1-4. What?
What accent to study? RP
What accent to study? RP • RP: received pronunciation (in the 19th century sense ‘accepted in the most polite circles of society’). Hughes, Trudgill and Watt 1979/2005, p.2-3
• Some other related terms: BBC English, SSB (Standard Southern British), Estuary English.
• RP: spoken by 3-5 % population of England -> minority accent. • However, • High prestige: has long been perceived to be the ‘best’, clearest accent. • BBC radio and television: the most widely understood of all accents, the best chance of being understood. • The most thoroughly described of British accents. Hughes, Trudgill and Watt 1979/2005, p.3
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1-4. What?
• GA: General American • Considered as ‘standard’, as opposed to Eastern and Southern accents. • Covers a wide area across the continent. • Relative uniformity of accents across the continent, compared to the British Isles (-> history of the diffusion of English).
• Presence of the UK in the European Union. (compared with GA, to be covered from the next slide on)
LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
1-4. What?
What accent to study? GA
What accent to study? RP
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1-4. What? • GA: General American • Relative uniformity of accents across the continent.
1-4. What?
What accent to study?
Wells 1982, fig. 16
• In this course in English phonetics, we are going to study mostly RP, but some GA too.
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data
1-4. What?
Variation within an accent • However, some lexical items (words) are pronounced in a couple of different ways within a given accent. • Some examples from Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (John Wells). • (diachronic change) Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
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ordinary
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kilometer
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1-4. What?
B. Phonetics?
• -> not about any kinds of sound
LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
Phonetics?
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1-4. What?
Types of sound not treated in phonetics: • Sound produced as natural phenomena (wind, rain, thunder, volcanoes, etc.) • Sound produced by animals (language is unique to the human beings). • Sound produced by the human beings unintentionally, as a physiological phenomenon (sneeze, hiccups, etc.) • Sound produced by human intentionally, using an instrument (instrumental music, for instance) • Sound produced by human intentionally with their body, but not as part of language (clap, whistle except in a ’whistled language’)
• Phonetics: a study of speech sounds used in languages.
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1-4. What?
1-4. What?
Phonetics?
Phonetics?
• Some sounds are used as part of the language in one language community, but not in another.
• Also, languages choose different sounds to constitute their systems. • Differences between French and English?
• E.g. Clicks in Khoisan languages, ingressive voiceless bilabial fricative in Swedish Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
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Phonetics of English 1-4. What? compared with that of French? • Demonstration 1-1
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Phonetics of English 1-4. What? compared with that of French? • Demonstration 1-2
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Phonetics of English 1-4. What? compared with that of French? • Demonstration 1-3
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Phonetics of English 1-4. What? compared with that of French? • Demonstration 2
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1-4. What?
Phonetics of English compared with that of French? • Demonstration 3
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1-4. What?
Phonetics of English compared with that of French? • Demonstration 4 • Synthesis made from English or French?
Synthesis produced by Cédric Gendrot (Paris III) with Mbrola Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
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1-4. What?
Phonetics?
1-5. Why?
• Differences between French and English? • Two main goals: • One as a learner of English as a Foreign Language
• Not only individual sounds (‘h’ absent in French, nasal vowels absent in English), but the syllable structure (more consonants) the rhythmic pattern and the intonation.
• The other as an (aspiring) teacher of English as a Foreign Language, or a teacher of other languages.
• Phonetics deals with all of these phenomena. Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
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LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
As a learner of EFL
To improve listening comprehension. For better communication. To make yourself understood. To decrease the fatigue of the listener due to foreign accent. • To learn to speak like a native speaker (if the learner is interested in being integrated in the language community: question of motivation ) -> mainly practical skills + some explicit, theoretical knowledge that will help to improve the performance. LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
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LLCM10AN English Phonetics 2007-2008 Weeks 1-2
1-5. Why?
• • • •
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1-5. Why?
As a teacher of EFL • Good level of practical skills as a model. • Solid theoretical background to analyse the pronunciation of the learners, explain how to pronounce, correct their pronunciation, and to organise exercises and activities to improve their performance. 39
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1-6. How?
1-5. Why?
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Some other goals • To be a speech therapist (orthophoniste). • To work on speech recognition and synthesis. • For broadcast, entertainment. • Etc. Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
•
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1-6. How?
How do we study speech sounds in phonetics? Speech is ‘verba volent’. What instruments can be used? -> Demonstration. Recording on Praat. Rhythm (Humpty) F0 curve
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How do we study speech sounds in phonetics? Speech is ‘verba volent’. What instruments can be used? 1. The ear of well-trained phoneticians. 2. Reproduction of sounds and introspection (selfobservation). 3. Recordings (cassette, MD, computer). 4. Transcription with phonetic symbols 5. Phonetic analysis tools (visualisation of speech). 6. Physiological measures (opening of the lips, endoscopy). 7. Perceptual experiments (response to a stimulus).
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1-6. How? •
In this course, we are going to do the following: 1. Ear (brain) training, listening (by small bits, when necessary). 2. Training in pronunciation. 3. Recordings. 4. Transcription with phonetic symbols. 5. Visualisation of speech with phonetic analysis tools. + Basic theoretical background + Comparison with other languages, esp. French. Oct. 2007 T. Kamiyama
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1-6. How? •
In this course, we are going to do the following:
A. Practical (physical training + brain) training
End of Class 1
combined with Class 2: The Speech Chain and the organs of speech
B. Basic theoretical knowledge
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