Ice-volcano interactions in Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland
Eyjólfur Magnússon1, Magnús Tumi Guðmundsson2, Friðrik Höskuldsson3 and Þórdís Högnadóttir2 1. Nordic volcanological center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland 2. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland 3. Icelandic Coast Guard
SPIRIT workshop 29&30 April 2010, Toulouse
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Eyjafjallajökull 19 March 2010
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Gray shows volcanic zones
Eyjafjallajökull 19 March 2010
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Fissure opened 20 March 2010, 23:30 PM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Fissure 21 March 2010 6:49 a.m.
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
The eruption site from northeast SPOT5 image from 2008 covering EMISAR DEM from 1998 (Spirit DEM used to fill up data gaps) Red shows lava and scoria 21 March 7:00 AM based on SAR images from the Icelandic Coast Guard Yellow line shows the fissure
21 March 7:00 AM
21 Mars 9:30 PM
22 March 3:00 PM
24 Mars 3:00 PM
26 March 10:00 AM
31 March 7:00 AM
7 April 3:30 PM
Some ice-volcano interactions...
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Eyjafjallajökull 19 March 2010
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Gígjökull outlet glacier from Eyjafjallajökull ice cap 14 April 2010 8:28 AM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Gígjökull 14 April 2010 8:38 AM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Above the clouds 8:51 AM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Gígjökull 9:43 AM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
9:43 AM
GPS-station floating away
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Gígjökull 9:45 AM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Svaðbælisá river south of Eyjafjallajökull at 11:01 AM Picture taken by Þórdís Högnadóttir
Picture by Þórdís Högnadóttir
Gígjökull 2:15 PM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Flood plume at the south coast of Iceland 2:55 PM
Ferry harbour
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
The eruption plume at 3:15 PM.
Gígjökull 6:48 PM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
Gígjökull 6:56 PM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
The river plain west of Gígjökull 7:00 PM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
7:33 PM
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
The day after...
In the course of the flood...
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
First day of clear view, 17 april, massive ash plume
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
The ash fall which the people living south of the volcano had to deal with
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
~107 m3 lake filled with sediments
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
The cauldrons in the surface of Gígjökull
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
~60 m ~130 m
Picture by Eyjólfur Magnússon
21 April. Melt water cauldron filled up
Picture by Björn Oddsson
Lava erupting from the crater
Picture by Þórdís Högnadóttir
Floods due to the inital formation of cauldrons Relatively stable water flow caused by the lava flow melting its way out of the cauldron
River water level data from the Icelandic Meteorological Office http://vmkerfi.vedur.is/vatn/Index.php
The ice within the area of the cauldrons (~0.5 km2) was ~200 m (Sara M. Strachan, 2001) =~0.1 km3 ice 0.01-0.02 km3 melted by the flood water from Gígjökull >0.01 km3 from the southern site of site of Eyjafjallajökull Crude estimates! A new DEM of Eyjafjallajökull will be needed when the eruption is over
Is Eyjafjallajökull of interest for glaciological studies after the eruption? • An ice-cap suddenly covered with ash layer, probably thick enough to insolate large part of the glacier. How will the glacier respond? The effects of current day climate on this glacier before the eruption is fairly well known (see Gudmundsson and others later today) • Extremes in subglacial hydrology • The recovery of the scars left by the eruption in the surface of Eyjafjallajökull of interest for ice-dynamic studies
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glacierized area except for a few glaciers that surged and advanced. ... wide flux gate (draining 130 km² of glacier) located just upstream of the area where the.
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regulates the lake level since it is the only river that flows out of ... Long, cold winters result in the complete freeze-up of the lake every year .... The use of microwave satellite observations represents a step ..... measured in K, which we call
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April 2008) during the 2007-2008 campaign (December 2007 to April 2008); in yellow the footprints of the HRS images ..... E.B. was supported by the TOSCA.
Available online 18 October 2008. Keywords: sea-level thermal expansion ice melt climate. From the IPCC 4th Assessment Report published in 2007, ocean ...
