CATIA Training
Human Modeling Detailed Steps
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Version 5 Release 19 January 2009 EDU-CAT-EN-HMN-FS-V5R19
Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
Table of Contents Master Exercise 1 ................................................................................................................................... 3 Step 1: Preparation of the file .............................................................................................................. 3 Step 2: Create and modify the properties of the manikins .................................................................. 6 Step 3: Manipulation of the manikins using the Forward Kinematics and the Posture Editor functions ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Step 4: Manipulation of the manikins using Standard Pose and Auto Grasp functions .................... 15 Step 5: Manipulation of the manikin using Inverse Kinematics: Reach and IK mode ....................... 19 Step 6: Create links between the manikin and the geometry............................................................ 25 Step 7: Using the catalog function..................................................................................................... 33 Step 8: Analyze the Vision, create a Reach Envelope and a Swept Volume ................................... 39 Step 9: Use the clash detection......................................................................................................... 45 Step10: Perform Simulations............................................................................................................. 46 Step 11: Distance and Clearance analysis........................................................................................ 51 Master Exercise 2 ................................................................................................................................. 54 Step 1: Edit the limits of Accommodation.......................................................................................... 54 Step 2: Change the Anthropometry of the manikin ........................................................................... 55 Step 3: Create Boundary manikins.................................................................................................... 57 Master Exercise 3 ................................................................................................................................. 66 Step 1: Edit Angular Limitation .......................................................................................................... 66 Step 2: Edit angular limitation using percentage ............................................................................... 71 Step 3: Edit preferred angle............................................................................................................... 73 Step 4: Customized joints for the spine............................................................................................. 81 Step 5: Gathering and analyzing the results ..................................................................................... 86 Master Exercise 4 ................................................................................................................................. 87 Step 1: RULA Ergonomics Analysis .................................................................................................. 87 Step 2: Lift/Lower analysis................................................................................................................. 91 Step 3: Push/Pull analysis ................................................................................................................. 93 Step 4: Carry analysis ....................................................................................................................... 94 Step 5: Biomechanics Single Action analysis.................................................................................... 95
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
Master Exercise 1 1. Step 1: Preparation of the file 1.1 -
Open the starting file for the training
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Select the Human Builder Workbench.
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Select File < Open: File for trainning.CATProduct
1.2 -
Get the geometry of the vehicle
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Click on the top product in the specification tree.
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Click on right button and Insert existing component and make sure the product is highlighted in blue.
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1.3 -
Detailed Steps
Select: Vehicle.CATProduct in the Geometry folder and Open
Move the geometry
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Right click on the compass and select “Snap automatically to select object” to have the compass automatically move and snap on the selected object.
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Click on the vehicle in the specification tree ( Similar if you click directly on the display)
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Detailed Steps
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Use different plane of the compass to move the geometry of the vehicle at other locations on the ground
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Double click on the vehicle in the specification tree ( now the vehicle is being editable) Click and move a seat in the vehicle by selecting one and use the compass to manipulate it.
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Detailed Steps
2. Step 2: Create and modify the properties of the manikins 1.4 -
Create a new manikin
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Insert manikin using
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within the Human Builder Workbench by clicking on the following icon In the New manikin dialog window proceed to the following operations Select the father product “Vehicle” as the father product Enter a name for you manikin: Happy driver th Select the 50 percentile male Select the American population Click Ok.
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As a default the manikin appears in the scene with his hip at the (0, 0, 0) coordinates position.
1.5 -
under Insert in the top menu OR directly
Insert an existing manikin
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Double-click on the vehicle in the specification tree and make sure the selection is blue.
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Right click on the Vehicle node and click on Existing component.
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1.6 •
Detailed Steps
In the File Selection window, go in your respective training folder; select the Rear passenger and Open.
Change the properties of the manikin (Appearance) In the specification tree, go under the Driver’s node and expand the body node. Using the Ctrl button on the keyboard, select the following segments for both side (Spine, Clavicles, Arms and Forearms) then press the right button of the mouse and select Properties.
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Detailed Steps
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Change the color of these segments to Orange.
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By selecting each part of the feet, change the color of the feet to brown.
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In the specification tree, go under the Profiles Node and select the Appearance node. Click on the right button of the mouse in order to change the Properties and modify the color of the hair.
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Human Modeling
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Detailed Steps
Select the display icon to display the line of sight of the Happy driver
Note: Every product (ex manikin) inserted under the vehicle are considered as a sub-product. Therefore, make sure the vehicle is highlighted in blue when you want to move only the manikin. 1.7 -
Place the driver on its seat and the rear passenger on the back seat
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Right click on the Rear passenger and go into his properties. Select the Referential node and change it to the right foot.
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Activate the Place Mode function Click on the seat (with the automatic white compass), once it’s at the right destination click on the Happy driver.
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
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Click on the Rear passenger and then click on the Vehicle floor behind the driver’s seat.
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Use the arcs of the compass to rotate the manikins and deactivate the Place Mode function when the manikins are facing towards the front of the vehicle.
1.8 •
Explore other functions to move the manikins (Change manikin’s location) Use the compass to change the manikin’s location in the vehicle.
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
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In the main toolbar, go in Tool/Customize and select the Commands node.
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In the categories, select All commands to be able to see all the different Snap Commands.
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Choose a Snap command and drag the command onto a toolbar that you already have in the Human Builder workbench. Use the Snap function that has the following icon.
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Human Modeling
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Detailed Steps
Use the Snap icon that you just added in the toolbar. (should be part of prerequisites courses) Display the manipulation bounding box in Tool/Option/Display/Navigation and manipulate the manikins using this white box.
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
3. Step 3: Manipulation of the manikins using the Forward Kinematics and the Posture Editor functions 1.9 -
Use the Direct Kinematics
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Select the Forward Kinematics function
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Adjust the upper arm posture by clicking on the arrow in order to move the segment.
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To have the manikin’s hands close to the steering, move the arm with the DOF3 (medial rotation).
1.10 • • •
Use the Posture Editor Select the Posture Editor icon. Click on the manikin Select the thigh and increase the flexion to have the right and left thigh close to the seat (90deg).
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Detailed Steps
Select the leg and increase the knee flexion (90deg).
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
4. Step 4: Manipulation of the manikins using Standard Pose and Auto Grasp functions 1.11 •
Sit the rear passenger using a Standard Pose function
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Select the Operator and equipment manikin, and expand the specification tree until you can see and click the referential node under the settings. Right button of the mouse and click Copy. Select the Rear passenger in the specification tree and click Paste.
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Using the place mode function, place the rear passenger on the floor in front of the rear seat.
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Once the manikin is located at the right position, activate the Standard pose function Within the standard pose window, select the sit tab and select the rear passenger (In the specification tree or any where directly on the display) Position the cursor in the field and click on the Right button of the mouse in order to change
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the step Click on the reset button and then click on the black arrow to update and change the value Change the value until the manikin as the buttock on the seat
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1.12 -
Detailed Steps
Adjust the driver’s trunk posture by using the Standard Pose functions
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Select the stoop function and tilt the pelvis backward and flex the trunk until the manikin adopts a relax posture
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In the constraints section enter “Keep hand position; Both” and perform an extension of the trunk more Select the lean and twist tab in order to explore different behaviors on the manikin.
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Note: If you would have the Seat Reference Point (SRP) location, it would be easier to position the manikin by entering the coordinate directly into the compass input window. Drag the compass on the hip of the manikin and then double click on the compass. Note: According to different standard, the angle of the Hip is approximately 25 degrees backwards but it varies according to the type of vehicle and standards used. COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2005 16
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Detailed Steps
Adjust the grasping posture on the steering wheel using the Auto Grasp functions
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Still inside the standard pose panel, select the hand grasp (before the last one on the right).
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After performing a reach on the center of the steering wheel, select the generic type of grasp you would like to use.
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In this case select the spherical type of grasp Select the right hand and then the geometry ( Steering wheel)
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Move the hand on the side of the steering wheel and perform another type of grasp (Cylindrical).
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Detailed Steps
Move the hand to another part of the steering wheel and perform another type of grasp (Pinch)
Note: Without deactivating the grasp function, you can use the Reach or the IK tools. Automatically, the fingers will open and you simply have to update the grasp once you are satisfied of the location. 1.14 -
Adjust the elbow of the driver
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Select standard pose icon This will open the panel that allows you to manipulate the manikin using specific parameters. Select the Happy Driver and select the hand grasp function Increase the value of the hand for cylindrical posture of both hands.
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Select the elbow adjust tab and modify the elbow position
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Detailed Steps
5. Step 5: Manipulation of the manikin using Inverse Kinematics: Reach and IK mode 1.15 -
Use the Inverse Kinematics to manipulate the segment
Inverse kinematics means that you are defining the location and orientation of the extremity of a kinematics chain and the segment (Kinematics chain) readjusts accordingly. In our case you position the hand and the rest of the arm and forearm reorganize themselves to allow the reach of the target. There are several functions using the IK: (IK mode, Reach, constraints). • • •
Select the Inverse kinematics (Worker frame mode) to position the right leg. Click anywhere on the right leg and the compass will automatically snap to the foot (extremity of the kinematics chain. Using the compass position the leg properly on the floor and proceed to the same operation for the left segment.
Note: At this time, a ghost image of the selected segment will also appear in yellow. If you drag the compass out of the reach of the segment, the ghost will move away from the segment. • Without deactivating the IK function, select the other leg segment and move it on the floor. The yellows segment acts as a target and you can move one target at the time.
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Without deactivating the IK function, click on all the limbs (the two hands and feet will become yellow). Finally, select the hip in order to raise it. COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2005 19
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Detailed Steps
Note: All the segments that have been selected will remain active (yellow) and will keep their current position until you deactivate the IK function. If you wish to deactivate one segment, you simply have to click on it twice until the yellow ghost disappears. The automatic activation of the IK of the segment can be change. You simply have to go in the Tools/Options under the top menu: Twins segments (Reach & IK Mode).
Note: Since you are in the worker frame mode for the IK, the compass can be rotated. However, regardless of the orientation of the selected segment, the compass will always come back automatically to the manikin’s orientation once you release the compass. • If you wish to change the orientation of a segment using the IK, select the Segment frame
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1.16 -
mode icon Rotate the foot using the arc until the right foot is flat on the floor
Use the Reach function to have the manikin reaching parts
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Select the reach position only icon Select the compass, drag it on the desired target (example the dashboard) Select the segment you want to use for the Reach (example tip of the right index). Automatically the selected segment goes to the target. • Using the green axis or arcs of the compass move the location and orientation of the compass. The selected segment will follow the new target (similar to IK mode). • Use the red cube of the compass and drag it at another location, you need to select the segment again to update the reach. COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2005
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Detailed Steps
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With the function ‘’reach position only’’ the orientation of the segment is not important. Therefore, you can change the orientation of the compass but the finger will not move considering the orientation. It will only follow to new position.
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Select the Reach Position and Orientation Select the compass and drag it on the desired target (Example the left target of the steering wheel) (Orange targets have been created to make the selection easier). Select the segment you want to use for the Reach (example the left hand)
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To perform a fine tuning position, with the position and Orientation Reach functions you simply have to rotate the compass using the arc perpendicular to the surface. Note: If you cannot reach a value showing the missing distance will be displayed. The standard reach is performed only using a minimize kinematics chain (Ex. Upper limbs). Note: The kinematics chain can be modified if you select the IK Behaviors under the manikin’s properties. For example, if you activate the Thoracic and the lumbar, these segments will be involved during the reach of the target. Note: The reach functions allow you to reach a specific target but it does not create any links between the target and the segment of the manikin. 1.17 -
Use the Reach Position & Orientation to reach the base of the seat with the left hand
In the following step, we will explore various IK behaviors to position the operator • Under the properties of the manikin, go in the IK behaviors OR select the IK Behaviors icon
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and select the operator. Under Pelvis: Activate the Horizontal translation and under balance: pelvic motion. Click Close
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
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Select the IK mode, click on the right foot and move it forward. Click on the right hand and move it forward. The left foot and the hip should follow and move forward.
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In the proprieties of the manikin, go in the IK behaviors, select Spine: Pelvis and Thoracic, Deactivate the movement of the pelvis and the balance then close the window Select the IK mode, click on the hand and drag it forward until the manikin slightly inclines his trunk.
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Select the IK behavior icon again, deactivate the trunk movement and activate the vertical translation of the hip Click on both feet ( to activated and lock them) and then drag the hand downward until the manikin slightly bends his knees
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
Note: Similar results could have been obtained if you would have deactivated the hip translation in the IK behavior and directly drag the hip down using the compass. Select the reach position function and try to make the operator reach the base of the seat 1.18 • •
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Explore the reach and the IK mode using different IK behaviors (Segment frame mode) and then click anywhere Select the inverse kinematics function on the left arm. Automatically the compass will snap to the extremity of the kinematics chain. (The compass should now be green and align with the segment). With the left button of the mouse, move the compass in order to move the left hand on the knee of the manikin
Once again, if you know the exact location of the target, you can double click on the compass and enter the exact coordinates for the target of the hand.
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Detailed Steps
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Combine the direct and the inverse kinematics manipulation in order to reach various targets (knee, radio, steering wheel, floor) Note: Contrary to the Worker frame mode that keeps the compass aligned with the scene and without any rotation, the segment frame mode always keeps the compass aligned with the selected segment and allows rotation. Note: Use of the inverse kinematics is more efficient than direct kinematics to reach various targets. Most of the time, the Inverse Kinematics is used to position globally and rapidly the segment whilst the Forward Kinematics is use to do the final adjustment of the position (ex. Fingers). Note: In the inverse kinematics mode, there is seven control points (hands, feet, hip, neck and line of sight), where ever you select on the segment, only those points will be selected Note: Those functions are very efficient for global positioning but the reach function remains the more popular when it’s time to reach a specific object. 1.19 • •
Look at In order to simplify the manipulation of the manikin, you can use the look at option. This is an option that allows you to make the manikin look at the “driving” hand while using the reach and the Inverse kinematics mode. In the Tools Option menu select the Human builder section Activate the “Look at” option
Next time you will use the inverse kinematics (Worker or Segment Frame Mode) or the reach ( Position & Orientation Or Position only), the line of sight will be reaching at the compass location
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Detailed Steps
6. Step 6: Create links between the manikin and the geometry 1.20 -
Insert existing components and place these on the manikin
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Select the top node in the Specification tree ( Operator with equipment) and insert some existing components in order to add some parts on the manikin • Using the Ctrl button, select the wrench.stl, large construction helmet.stl and the safety_glass.stl and click Open Note: the geometries will be behind the manikin, select the manikin and move it a little
• Using the compass, try to position all the objects on the manikin as follow: Hat on the head
Glass on the nose
Wrench in the hand
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Human Modeling
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Detailed Steps
You can now try to manually position all the objects on the manikin as shown above, but it is recommended to add some functions such as the snap function in your workbench to perform this task; Tools Customize Commands All Commands Snap Surface
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Select the “Snap Surface” name directly in the list of command and drag it directly into your workbench (Between two other icons in any toolbar). Close the customize panel when it’s done • Select the Snap Surface icon, select the wrench and then move the cursor in the palm of the left hand (of) the manikin. Use the compass for the fine tuning • Perform the same operation for the safety glass and the hat Note: There are several types of snap functions, you can explore several ones and use the one you are more familiar with. 1.21 -
Attach geometries to the manikin
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Attach the objects the to segments of the manikin
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Select the attach icon , select the wrench and then select the hand Select the attach icon, select the helmet and then select the head Select the attach icon, select the safety glass and then select the head Go under the properties of the manikin Manikin Attach, and check if the objects have been attached to the appropriate segments (correct if necessary).
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Change the color of the equipment in order to make it more realistic
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• • 1.22 -
Detailed Steps
Save the file and name it: Operator and equipment.CATProduct inside the Manikins directory. Close the file This new file including all the tools can now be inserted inside any file by any users Add offset
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Select the left hand and press the offset icon.
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Take the Compass and drag it on the tip of the wrench
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Verify that the values have changed and click OK
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1.23 -
Detailed Steps
Select the Icon for the offset again and select the hand. Drag the compass on another portion of the tools Verify again that the values have changed and click OK Go under the Settings Node under the manikin and expend the offset node
You will see there are two offsets available. Only one can be activated at the time. Select the first one you have created and activate it using the third button of the mouse. Now, the next time a function will call the IK (Reach, IK mode or constraint) for the left hand, it will consider the activated offset (tip of the tools) as a new control point. Drag the compass on the base of the seat, select the “Reach position only” function and click on the left hand.
Create constraints between objects and the manikin
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This function allows you to generate a reach between a segment and a target and/or to establish a permanent relationship between the segment and this geometry. Contrary to the reach function which is used mainly to perform positioning, the constraint is a consistent relation. • Example if you use the constraint you might ask the manikin to reach two different things at the same time or move an object and have both hands follow the object There is four type of constraints Contact
allows you to constraint a segment to be in contact with an object or part of the object
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Coincidence Fix
Detailed Steps
allows you to constraint a segment to coincide with an object or part of the object
allows you to constraint a segment to a specific place in the space
Fix On
allows you to constraint a segment to a specific place relative to an object
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Select the contact constraint Select the left hand and then select the left target on the steering wheel.
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According to the type of geometry or the element selected (plan, line, point), the type of constraint will automatically be generated. Click OK. Now a link will be displayed between the right hand of the driver and the steering wheel.
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Click on the refresh button and the hand will automatically reach the steering wheel. Double-click on the vehicle (So it becomes blue and ready to be edited), drag the compass on the steering wheel and then change its position. Click of the update button and automatically the hand will update the reach
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Human Modeling
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Detailed Steps
Create a constraint also for the right hand In the tools Options select the human builder workbench and change the properties of the constraint resolution select automatic instead of manual
If you change the position to the steering wheel, now both hands will follow automatically You can adjust or modify the constraint by double clicking on the constraint In the specification tree
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For instance, you can change the type of constraint to a 3 direction plan
You can readjust the angle of the hand relative to the steering wheel by changing the rotation offset
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You can deactivate also the constraint.
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Same type of actions can be performed using the coincidence Constraint. For example, this is the case when you want a segment of the manikin to coincide with an infinite line or plan.
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Human Modeling
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Detailed Steps
Select the coincidence constraint function , select a line (Example on the dashboard and the hand). The center of the hand will try to go anywhere on the infinite extension of the line you have selected.
Note: If you select a plan for the coincidence constraint, the constraint display will automatically be snapped in the middle of the geometry. This is the reason why small geometries (orange boxes) have been created in order to easily and accurately identify a target. • • •
Deactivate the coincidence constraint and make sure both constraints on the steering wheel are activated In IK behaviors under the manikin’s properties, select the thoracic and lumbar Drag the steering wheel forward with the compass and see the behavior of the manikin (Spine involved in the motion).
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Now, every time you’ll move the manikin, it will check if there is any constraint on the manikin
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Let’s explore now the two other types of constraints: The fix
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Display the line of sight of the manikin , Click on the line of sight and Select the IK segment frame icon. By double-clicking on the compass, place the line of sight at the following coordinate ( in the Parameters for Compass Manipulation panel) then click apply and close
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Once the line of sight is at the specific location, create a fix constraint by clicking on the icon and the line of sight segment.
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and the fix On.
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Detailed Steps
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The Fix On constraint will allow you to fix a segment of the manikin with any object in the scene. It will not move the segment to the target but maintain the current position of the segment with the selected object • Select the function Fix on, select the Hip segment and then select the driver’s seat. Now a relationship has been created between the current position of the hip in relation with the seat. • Double click on the vehicle (so it becomes blue) and drag the compass on the seat. Move the seat and you will see that the hip on the manikin hip follows the seat but the line of sight keep it current position. Note: Those two types of constraints do not make the segment snap to the selected geometry or coordinate. It just keeps the current relationship. Note: If you have several activated constraints on the manikin (For example one on every segment). You can now select which constraint you want to update by selecting the constraint and using the update button in the contextual menu.
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Human Modeling
Detailed Steps
7. Step 7: Using the catalog function 1.24 -
Creating a new catalog
There are two different ways to create catalogs From the main menu (Allows you to create specific subdivision (family)) From the «Manikin Tools» toolbar (faster predefined subdivision) • Create a catalog from the main menu • Select «File» / «New». You will see the following «New» dialog box • Select catalog document and click on OK. A new empty catalog will open.
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Create subdivision (Chapter & Family) Create a chapter (Level one) Press «Add Chapter» Type the name in the «Chapter Definition» dialog box Press «OK» Create a family (Level two) Double click on the previous and Press «Add Family» Type the name in the «Family Definition » dialog box Click «OK»
Note: The information saved from the manikin can be saved in the family level only Note: Once created, you need to save the catalog 1.25 •
Create a catalog from the «Manikin Tools» toolbar Create a catalog from the «Manikin Tools» toolbar
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Detailed Steps
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From the «Manikin Tools» toolbar, select the «Save manikin’s attributes from a catalog»
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icon . The following panel appears with predefined subdivision.
Family inside a chapter •
Click on the «Browser another catalog» icon. In the «File selection» window write a new catalog name and Click on «Open».
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The following dialog box appears. Press «Yes» to confirm the creation of a new catalog.
1.26 -
Saving manikin’s attributes in a catalog
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From the «Manikin Tools» toolbar, select the «Save manikin’s attributes from a catalog» icon. The following panel appears.
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With the «Browser another catalog» icon, select the desired catalog in the «File selection» window and click on «Open>>
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Detailed Steps
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Enter a title for the manikin’s attributes that you are about to save.
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In the specification tree, with the «Ctrl» key, select the specific attributes for specific segments you want to save in the catalog.
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Detailed Steps
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Click on «Save» and the catalog dialog box is updated. The attributes saved appears in a thumbnail. Specific Attributes are shown either on the manikin or with the icons on each side of the thumbnail.
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If the Display mode is on «Details», look in the type column in other to see what type of information is saved.
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1.27 -
Detailed Steps
Exploring the manikin’s tree organization
Note: If you select specific attributes with specific segments, only these Items will be stored in the catalog Note: If you select the manikin node directly, all attributes for all segments will be stored in the catalog 1.28 - Loading manikin’s attributes from a catalog • •
From the «Manikin Tools» toolbar, select «Load Manikin’s Attributes from a Catalog». In the dialog box, click «Browse another catalog».
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• •
Detailed Steps
Select the desired catalog in the «Files Section» dialog box and click «Open». To see the attributes of each catalog components:
Note: If the Display mode is on «Large Icon», look at the icons on each side of the pictures. They correspond to the manikin’s attributes displayed for each manikin in the specification tree. Note: When loading a component containing multiple attributes, if you want you can apply a unique attribute (ex posture) on the manikin. You simply have to select in the specification tree the specific attribute (posture), under the manikin node. Note: The catalog allows you to store useful information and apply them on any manikins in different contexts.
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Detailed Steps
8. Step 8: Analyze the Vision, create a Reach Envelope and a Swept Volume 1.29 • •
Activate the Vision window Select the Icon of the vision then select the driver Drag the cursor on the vision window and click on the right button of the mouse
Note: You will see partial information available in order to change some parameters. Note: If you want to have all the parameters of the vision, you need to go under the properties of the manikin
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In the vision panel change the type of vision (binocular, ambinocular, stereo, etc) Select the binocular vision and display the contour of the vision, the center zone represents what can be seen by both eyes
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In order to simulate a reduction of the field of view (ex. Handicap), reduce the vertical top of the view from 35 to 20 degree (in the field of view tab) Change the properties of the manikin from the specification tree and display the cone of vision
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1.30 • •
Detailed Steps
Moving the line of sight
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In the window panel, activate the line of sight to manipulate the eyes Once the line of sight is visible, select the forward kinematics icon and select the line. It can be manipulated as any other segments. By clicking on the right button of the mouse, you can move the line of sight in other degrees of freedom Conduct similar vision analysis but with different manikins (passenger, operator, etc.) Manipulate the line of sight of the manikin using the inverse kinematics Select the IK Icon and select the line of sight. Move the compass and explore the vision. At this moment, the head and the eyes will move together Select the Reach Position Icon Select the line of sight and drag the compass on the steering wheel
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Drag the compass on different location of the dashboard and see how the head rotates.
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1.31 •
Changing the display of the vision In the properties of the vision node, you can change the type of display of the vision.
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1.32 -
Detailed Steps
Using the display icon, you can change the visual cone
Generating a Vision Report
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Once the vision analysis has been done you can generate a report by adding the vision inside
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. the report using the following icon Select the type of analysis you want to include in the report
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Export the report in HTML format
•
The report capabilities will be shown in detail later in the Activity Analysis Workbench
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1.33 -
Detailed Steps
Activating the Reach Envelope
•
Select the right index of the rear passenger and then select the reach envelope function The software will compute an accurate reach envelope.
•
The reach envelop is completely controlled by the range of motion of the segments. Later on you will see how to modify the range of motion and how it affects the envelope. The reach envelop does not take into consideration the internal collision of the manikin with itself neither with the geometry Right click on the reach envelope and click on delete
• • 1.34 -
.
Generating a Swept Volume
•
Once we have defined the reach capabilities of the rear passenger, it might be interesting to evaluate the volume (space) of the arm while reaching the target. The swept volume function will help you define this volume.
•
Select the swept volume icon
(Note:
The icon might be available only from the top menu)
•
Select the segment for which you want the swept volume
•
Click OK (Note: the segment might not Highlighted on the manikin)
•
Then you will see a small stop button appear
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Human Modeling
• •
Detailed Steps
From now on and until you click on the stop button, every movement of the manikin will be recorded for the swept volume. Drag the compass on the front seat behind the Harry driver, select the “Reach position only” button and select the index of the rear passenger.
• •
Press Stop recording The panel for the preview and the output will automatically be displayed.
• •
Click Preview and navigate inside the viewer in order to confirm this is what you wanted. Click the “Save” button and select the volume as a CGR. The volume will be saved as well as its position in the space. Therefore you can insert the volume in the current working file or share it with other users.
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Detailed Steps
Note: This is also working when you activate the “record swept volume” before running a simulation
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Detailed Steps
9. Step 9: Use the clash detection 1.35 -
Activate the Clash Detection
The clash can be detected during direct manipulation of the manikin • • •
Activate the clash icon . Select the manikin (Operator) in one selection Select the option selection against all
•
Click OK
• •
Activate the clash detection Move the manikin using the inverse kinematics or the forward kinematics and the collision will be highlighted.
Note: If an object is already attached to the manikin, this object will be considered as a sub element of the manikin. Therefore, it’s possible to detect the collision between the tool handled by the manikin and another object.
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Detailed Steps
10. Step10: Perform Simulations 1.36 • • • • • •
Record a simulation Select the simulation function Select the manikin you want to animate (select the Driver and then click OK) Enter a name for your first simulation. Example. My first simulation Click on the insert button to record the first posture Click the segment you want to move (ex. The leg) then move the leg and click on Insert in order to record every key postures You can check your simulation by clicking on Jump To Start Arrow and play the simulation
You can also go under the interpolation field and select 0.1 to increase the speed of the simulation ( 10 interpolations between each posture recorded) Note: The simulation of multiple segments is exclusively done using the forward kinematics. For the next exercise, make sure that the manikin will touch the steering wheel OR the dashboard during the simulation • When you are done, click OK • You can go under the specification tree (under applications) and reopen the simulation to make any changes by double-clicking on your simulation
Note: If you select the IK function before launching the simulation, you will be able to use this mode for the selected segment only. Note: You might need to deactivate some constraints to create the simulation. 1.37 • • • •
Run the Replay Select the Generate a replay function In the specification tree, select the simulation you want to export as a replay. Select the simulation you just created: My first simulation. The Replay node will now appear in the specification tree. A window will then open in order to input the name of the Replay. Name it my first replay If you want to Run the replay, you simply have to double click on the Replay node or select the Replay Icon
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1.38 • •
1.39 •
Detailed Steps
Generate a video If you want to generate a Movie file, you just need to activate the generate a movie icon and select the simulation to export in video A panel will open so you can decide the format and the location of the Video file
Conduct a Clash analysis during simulation
• • • • • •
Additional to the red silhouette, the clash can also be detected during a direct simulation of the manikin Input a new name for your interference analysis: My first interference analysis Select the type: Contact and Clash Select between two selections Click in the field of selection 1 window and select the manikin Click in the field of selection 2 window select the steering wheel or the dashboard Click on apply and then OK
• •
Double click on the my first replay (or my first simulation) Click the Edit analysis function and add your interference analysis you have just created
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• • •
Detailed Steps
In the Replay or simulation window, activate the interference to “ON” and start the simulation. If the manikin touches the dashboard, both will be highlighted in orange at the moment of the clash. In the Replay or simulation Window, activate the interference to “STOP” and start the simulation. It will run the simulation and stop when a collision occurs.
Note: These three functions: Simulation, replay and interferences can be found in the specification tree under Applications 1.40 -
Create a Track
• Select the track function • Select the segment you want to animate. Note: You must select directly on the segments (hands, ankles, hip neck or line of sight). You’ll see the segment in the Object field and the green compass will be directly on the selected segment.
• •
If the selection did not work the first time, select the Object field and redo the Selection You can activate the collision during the manipulation of the manikin by clicking on the following Icon
• •
Select the left foot and record the key posture using the following icon Once your track is almost complete, you can test it using the play forward function in the Player window
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•
Detailed Steps
If the speed the of the simulation is too slow, you can increase the Sampling step into the players parameters window by clicking on the parameters icon
•
You can double click on any steps of the track and modify the position by clicking
• Also Any steps of the track can be removed by clicking the delete button • Once you’re satisfied with the track created, you click OK. Note: One track at the time can be created per segment Note: the results of the track will be in the Application at the bottom of the specification tree 1.41 -
Create a track with a shuttle
• •
Create a shuttle for the seat to extract (second row , right) using the shuttle function Name the shuttle: “Shuttle for seat extraction” Click OK to confirm the shuttle
•
Using the simulation tools,
generate a simulation to extract the seat
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Detailed Steps
• •
Select the shuttle for the seat extraction Create a track of about three steps as shown in the following image
• • • • •
Name the simulation seat extraction and click OK Activate the display of the Position the Operator in front of the back seat Go in the Specifications tree and reset the offset of the left hand Reach both side of the seat with each hands Create constraints on each hands to the target points of the seat
•
Within the Operator’s properties, activate the Thoracic and Lumbar in the IK behaviors and click OK
Note: If you launch the simulation for the shuttle at this time, the constraints on the hands will maintain the hand on the seat throughout the simulation.
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Detailed Steps
11. Step 11: Distance and Clearance analysis 1.42 -
Use the Band analysis
• Select the distance and band analysis function • Select the type: Band analysis • Select between two selections Click in the field: Selection 1 and Select the rear passenger Click in the field: Selection 2 and select the front seat • Enter a minimum and maximum distance. Both of these values should be bigger than the minimum distance calculated ex if the minimum distance is 9in input (min: 10 max :17) • Click on apply
•
Click on OK and this will show (Highlighted in green) everything that is located between the minimum and the maximum distance specified earlier • Then change the posture of the manikin • Double-click on the distance and update the distance by clicking Apply and OK 1. You can also change the display of the results by changing the Visualization Filters
•
At this time you click on Apply Filters before clicking on Apply the measure in order to obtain a quick preview of the results
Note: You can find all distance results at the bottom of the specification tree under Application. 1.43 - Create and update a measurement • •
Select the Measure between function Select the definition: Measure between mode
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Detailed Steps
• • •
Click into the field: selection 1 mode and click on the lower part of the steering wheel Click into the field: selection 2 mode and click on the thigh of the Happy Driver Activate the keep measure option and click OK
•
you can change objects position manually and then select the distance in the specification tree and update by clicking on the contextual menu
1.44 • •
Minimum distance on a specific axe Select the distance and band analysis function Select the type: Minimum distance between two selections.
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Detailed Steps
• • •
Click in the field: Selection 1 and Select the rear passenger Click in the field: Selection 2 and select the front seat Click on apply
• • •
Click on OK and the measure will remain visible Change the posture of the manikin using the forward kinematics (ex. bend the legs) Double click on the distance, click on apply and OK
•
You can also select the minimal distance along the X axis
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Detailed Steps
Master Exercise 2 1. Step 1: Edit the limits of Accommodation 1.45 -
Edit the limits
•
Select the driver and select human measurement editor workbench
•
By clicking on women
• •
Select the interpolation mode Select the multi-Normal calculation and enter 90%
•
The boundary value will automatically be set to 1.6449, close the window
, you will reset all your manikin’s dimensions to start with an average
1.46 -
Use the Filter
•
Open the filter
•
Activate also both management variables: Automatic and manual
•
Using the following icons , , , you can change either the gender, the population or the measuring standing posture of the manikin
and activate all Parts and types of anthropometrics variables
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Detailed Steps
2. Step 2: Change the Anthropometry of the manikin 1.47 -
Change the anthropometric variables
• •
Select the driver and select human measurement editor workbench The Anthropometrics workbench is also available under the manikin/Profiles in the specification tree
• •
Open the variable list and select the sitting construction posture Click on the sitting height and put the management on manual so you will be able to edit the variable
•
The variable is now red so you can edit it. Enter 95 percentile
Note: All the others variables are automatically adjusted according to the new sitting height. Even if you would have tried to input bigger values, the software would have limited you to 95th because you have entered 90% of the population. Therefore, the minimum and the maximum values for this variable is 5th to 95th. Note: You can also change the management of the variable directly on the display. By selecting the variable and clicking on the right button of the mouse
•
Select the standing construction posture
• Select the reaching posture from the workbench COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2005
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• •
•
Detailed Steps
Select the Thumb Tip Reach and enter 600 mm and the software will tell you that the minimum value is 697mm. Therefore enter 698mm If you want to put the accurate minimal value, enter 0 into the percentile section and the software will input the minimum value. You can also, click directly on the arrow of the anthropometrics variable and use the left button of the mouse. Finally close the window Once you are satisfied with the new measurements of the passenger, press passenger in the scene will be updated.
1.48 -
Activate the list of the variables
1.49 -
Enter specific anthropometric values
1.50 -
Change the gender of the manikin
1.51 -
Explore the limits of the variables
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3. Step 3: Create Boundary manikins 1.52 -
Change the variable management
1.53 -
Enter specific anthropometric values
1.54 -
Identify critical variables
•
In order to define the boundary manikins for the driver’s tasks, you first have to determine which anthropometrics variables are going to be used, theses variables are known as critical variables. • Each workstation type has its own critical variables that must be selected before defining the boundary manikins. Those critical variables are based on the tasks that an operator needs to perform in a workstation or while interacting with a product. . For example the width of the nose is important “Critical” for the design of a mask. On the other hand, this variable is totally irrelevant for a sitting workstation. • In the case of a driver or any workstation where an operator sits, the critical variable could be: Buttock-knee length: for vertical clearance in front of the dashboard, Knee height-sitting: for leg clearance under the steering Wheel, Eye height-sitting: for external vision and mirror Thumb tip reach: for reaching controls. 2. You are going to use this example in order to better illustrate the boundary manikins creation for the driver. • Select the Variables list icon into the human measurement workbench.
1.55 -
Define the order of the critical variables
Once you have selected the critical variables, you will sequence them in order to generate the boundary manikins In order to sequence the variables, use the correlation. This represents the relationship between variable. In the V5 Human solution, the correlations are presented in the statistics file. Use a text editor tool and open the statistics file of the US army Natick. You can see all the correlations between the variable. The following table presents the format of the statistics files.
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Detailed Steps
Take note of the correlations between your critical variables. Each ‘’US’’ number refers to specific anthropometrics variables. Example: Buttock knee length is us27
Here’s a matrix where you have already put together the correlation of your critical variables from the US army Natick This matrix allows us to define witch one of the correlation is less correlated with the others In our sequence, you will first select the less correlated (Eye height-sitting Us 50) and the last variable (Knee height-sitting)
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Detailed Steps
Note: This is the order that you are going to use for the generation of the boundary manikins definition. The less correlated variable will explain most of the variability. Therefore it should be selected first. 1.56 -
Define the percentage of accommodation (Population sample)
Now that you have identified the critical variables and their order, you have to identify your sample population. Are you going to use a male or female population? Both? Do you want to accommodate 70 percent of the population? 80%? 90%? Define your sample population in term of gender Note: If you decide to use both male and female population, you will have to do the process twice. Define the percentage of the population you want to accommodate In our example, you want to accommodate 80% of the male population. It means that on a whole population you decided to exclude the ten first percentiles and the ten last percentiles to keep only percentiles 10 to 90.
• •
Select the interpolation mode Select the multi-Normal calculation and enter 80%
•
The boundary value will automatically be set to 1.2816, close the window
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1.57 -
Detailed Steps
Define the limit for each critical variable
Note: As soon as you have determined the values of each critical variable for a boundary manikin, it is recommended that you update the anthropometry of the manikin in the scene and then save the anthropometry in a Catalog. Note: The number of boundary manikins you create is related to the number of critical variables you determined (2number of critical variables). If you have three critical variables, you will obtain height boundary manikins. In our example, you use four critical variables; it will result in sixteen boundary manikins. Note: You determined in the example that you want to accommodate 80 percents of the male population. The first step of the boundary manikin creation is to give this information to the anthropometry module. In the next paragraphs, you are going to follow the steps leading to the definition of manikin 1 values. You can see in the previous illustration that manikin 1 (in red) is composed of the min. value of the four critical variables. • • • •
Generation of the first boundary manikin Select the list of variables option In the Variable list dialog box, select the first variable (The one with the lowest correlation mean Eye Height Sitting) Access the management menu and select the manual option. The arrow representing the variable turned to red to indicate that this variable is now user defined.
Note: The interpolation will automatically stop at the lowest value according to the percentage of accommodation you have selected (80%). To make sure it is the lowest value, you can enter 0 in the Percentile field of the Value section. The lowest value for the selected variable will automatically be displayed in the Value field. Note: Since you’ve set the limit to 80 percents, the lowest value of the variable should correspond to the 10th percentile value. The next step is to determine the min. value of the second variable. Variable 1
• • •
min : 52.304
In the Variable list dialog box, select the second variable. Access the management menu and select the manual option. Enter 0 in the Percentile field of the Value section. The lowest value for the selected variable will automatically be displayed in the Value field. Variable min : 52.304 1 Variable min : 73.129 2
• • •
max
In order to determine the min. value of the third variable, select the third variable Access the management menu and select the manual option Enter 0 in the Percentile field of the Value section. The lowest value for the selected variable will automatically be displayed in the Value field. Variable min : 52.304 1 Variable min : 73.129 2
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Detailed Steps
Variable min : 3 55.874 • • •
max
min
max
In order to determine the min. value of the fourth variable, select the third variable Access the management menu and select the manual option Enter 0 in the Percentile field of the Value section. The lowest value for the selected variable will automatically be displayed in the Value field Variable min : 52.304 1 Variable min : 73.129 2
max
Variable min : 3 55.874
min
max
max
Note: The values of the critical variables for the boundary manikin 1 are now determined. The next step is to save those values into a Catalog •
Create a catalog for our boundary manikins and save our first manikin
• • •
Select the save option Click on the browser icon to select the catalog In the Catalog directory input my first anthropometric catalog. The following message will be prompted
• Click Yes Click Save and the new manikin anthropometrics values will be saved inside the catalog. The icon for the anthropometric will be displayed next to the manikin’s image.
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Detailed Steps
Note: Give a significant name to each anthropometrics Catalog and for each boundary manikins you created. Manikin 1 is composed of the min. value for all variables Generation of the second boundary manikin Note: Manikin 2 is composed of the minimum value for the variables 1, 2, 3 and the maximum value of the fourth one. The three first values are already determined. You just need to get the maximum value of the fourth variable To determine the maximum value of the fourth variable, select the fourth variable (if it is not already selected) Enter 300th percentile in the Percentile field of the Value section. The highest value for the selected variable will automatically be displayed in the Value field. (You can also move directly on the variable’s arrow using the left button of the mouse to the maximum). Variable 1
min : 52.304
Variable 2
min : 73.129
Variable 3
min : 55.874
Variable 4 Manikin
Min : Max : min max min Max min Max 73.426 81.386 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
max max
min
max
The value of the critical variables for manikin 2 are now determined. The next step is to save it in a Catalog. • Open the Catalog for our boundary manikins and save our second manikin • • • •
Select the save option Browse and open the Catalog Enter a significant name, click OK and then Close Generation of the third boundary manikin
Note: Manikin 3 is composed of min. value of variables 1 and 2, maximum value of variable 3 and minimum value of variable 4. You already know the min. value of the first and the second variable therefore you do no need to redo them. • •
In the Variable list dialog box, select the fourth variable Access the management section in the variable edition panel and select the automatic option
Note: It is important to always respect the sequence start from the first variable and make sure that the last variables are in the automatic mode •
Select the third variable and determine the maximum value of the third variable by entering 300th percentile (this represents an impossible number and therefore you will automatically obtain the maximum value) Note: The maximum value of the third variable will be determined by the value of the variable 1 and 2 only. The fourth one is in the automatic mode. Variable 1
min : 52.304
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Variable 2
min : 73.129
max
Variable 3
min : 55.874 max : 59.833
min
Variable 4 Manikin • • •
Detailed Steps
min : 73.4 26 1
max: 81.3 86 2
max
min
Max
Min
max
Min
Max
3
4
5
6
7
8
Determine the min. value of the fourth variable. In the Variable list dialog box, select the fourth variable and click to manual options Enter 0 in the Percentile field of the Value section. The lowest value for the fourth variable will automatically be displayed in the Value field Variable 1
min : 52.304
Variable 2
min : 73.129
Variable 3
min : 55.874
Variable 4 Manikin
min : 73.4 2 1
max: 81.3 8 2
max
max :59.833
min : 73.2 2 3
min
max
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
4
5
6
7
8
• Save the third boundary manikin into the same Catalog • Generation of the fourth boundary manikin Note: Manikin 4 is composed of minimum value of variables 1 and the maximum value of variables 3 and 4. You already know the values of the three first variables therefore you just need to change the last variable. • • • •
In the Variable list dialog box, select the fourth variable Determine the maximum value of the third variable by entering 300th percentile or dragging directly the arrow of the variable to the maximum value using the left button of the mouse Save the manikin into the Catalog Generation of the fifth boundary manikin
Note: Manikin 5 is composed of maximum values of variables 1, the minimum values for the variables 2, 3 and four. At this time, you need to start at the beginning (first variable) and make all three last variables in the automatic mode. Generation of the other boundary manikins Note: Use the same methodology to create the other boundary manikins. It takes time the first time but once your Catalog is completed you do not need to rebuild a new Catalog. Once all your manikins are saved you can reuse this Catalog in your scene •
Exit the human measurement workbench by pressing
• •
Open the catalog of boundary manikins by using the icon Once the panel opened, select the passenger and the first boundary manikin of the Catalog and click apply
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• •
Detailed Steps
The passenger will now take the complete anthropometry of our first boundary manikin Complete the same operation for the driver. You will see that the posture is automatically Readjusted thanks to the constraints
Note: There is already various anthropometrics Catalog available Note: Once the anthropometry analysis has been completed you can generate a report by adding the Anthropometry values inside the report. This will be shown later in the Activity Analysis Workbench. 1.58 -
Save the anthropometry in a new catalog
Once a manikin has been generated with the desired anthropometric values, you will want to store the information inside a catalog. • • • • • • 1.59 -
For every boundary manikin created, click on the save to catalog icon Select the existing catalog of your choice or create a new one In the specification tree, select the manikin’s attributes you want to save ( in this case the anthropometry) Each manikin should be named: Boundary manikin 1, 2, 3, etc or with more relevant name such as (boundary manikin 1, min max or long arm short leg, etc). In some case, the naming could reflect specific attributes, for example: BM1_female_longtrunk_short leg. Perform the creation of each boundary manikins and store their dimensions inside the catalog. Apply the anthropometry from a catalog
We will apply different anthropometry stored in the catalog on the same manikin. •
Exit the human measurement workbench by pressing
• •
Open the catalog of boundary manikin by using the icon Once the panel opened, select the passenger and the first boundary manikin of the Catalog and click apply Look at the icon displayed in the catalog. It reflects the information stored in the catalog
•
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Detailed Steps
The passenger will now take the complete anthropometry of our first boundary manikin Complete the same operation for the driver. You will see that the posture is automatically Readjusted thanks to the constraints Note: There is already various anthropometrics Catalogs available Note: Once the anthropometry analysis has been completed you can generate a report by adding the anthropometry values inside the report. This will be shown later in the Activity Analysis Workbench.
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Detailed Steps
Master Exercise 3 1. Step 1: Edit Angular Limitation 1.60 -
Explore the 3 degree of freedoms
• •
Select the driver and double click on the forearm segment. The Human Posture workbench will automatically open and show the driver in its current posture.
•
Select the Edit the angular limitations and preferred angles icon and a segment. It will display the range of motion of the segment. The viewpoint will also be updated to optimize the point of view.
• •
Bring the cursor on the limit of the range of motion and click the right button of the mouse. You will see the different DOF (Degrees of freedom) for the selected segment
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1.61 -
Detailed Steps
Edit the angular limitation
•
Bring the cursor on the limit of the range of motion and click the right button of the mouse, Click on Edit. (You can also Double click on the limitation or select active manipulation) Note: If you click on the zone between the limits, you will edit the preferred angles. (At this time the limit will be colored in red) • After exploring the range of motion for different segments, come back by selecting the forearm segment
•
The default range of motion is displayed in this panel (50% of the population), press “activate manipulation” to change the limits • Bring the cursor directly on the limits or select the slider in the panel. Reduce the range of motion for the forearm to accommodate 100% of the population Note: More people can perform a small motion. In results: A smaller the range of motion means a bigger percentage of accommodation. (More people can reach these limits)
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•
•
• •
• •
Detailed Steps
Click on the clavicle segment and by using the contextual menu, select the second degree of freedom
or Select the Edit button, bring the cursor directly on the red limits and right click to activate the manipulation
You can now modify the range of motion either directly on the red display or by using the slider in the panel. Reduce the (Elevation/depression) to 50 degrees (84% of accommodation) in order to simulate an handicap person or an elderly population
Using icon, save the new range of motion into a catalog. In the specification tree, under the settings of the manikin, select the angular limitation node. In the catalog panel, enter the name: Range of motion for handicap population, then click save
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Detailed Steps
1.62 -
Change the percentage of accommodation
1.63 -
Lock the segment
You can also lock completely the mobility of a joint by using the following function In a sitting posture, you can use the preferred Catalog to evaluate the force instead of the comfort. Using the following icon 1.64 -
, you can remove all angular limitations on selected segments.
Save the range of motion in catalog
Once a manikin has been generated with the desired range of motion, you will want to store the information inside a catalog. • • • • •
For every manikin created, click on the save to catalog icon Select the existing catalog of your choice or create a new one In the specification tree, select the manikin’s attributes you want to save ( in this case the range of motion) In some case, the naming could reflect specific attributes, for example: manikin with a reduced range of motion for the shoulder. You can check if the proper information has been saved inside the catalog by looking at the icon next to the catalog thumbnails
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Detailed Steps
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2. Step 2: Edit angular limitation using percentage 1.65 -
Edit angular limitation
Instead of setting the range of motion segment by segment, set the general angular limits as Percentiles. • •
Deactivate the Edit angular limitation and Preferred angle icon . Select a series of segments using the CTRL button then select the function “Set angular
•
limitation between 0 and 100” . Enter the percentile of accommodation 100 for all those segments at the same time.
• • •
icon. Save these new ranges of motion in the same catalog Using In the specification tree, under the settings of the manikin, select the angular limitation node. In the catalog panel, input the new name: Handicap person and click save
1.66 -
Reset angular limitation
If you have created several angular limitations, you can reset some of them • •
Select the segment and access the reset button Once the reset button has been activated, you will be requested to select the items ( DOF and/Segment)
You can also reset the range of motion by clicking the contextual menu directly in the specification tree.
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3. Step 3: Edit preferred angle Using the same workbench, it’s possible to define some zone inside the Range of motion. We call these zones preferred angles 1.67 - Add preferred angles If you are inside human builder, make sure the hands are on the steering wheel and double-click on the forearm segment. It will switch back the Human Postural Analysis workbench. • •
Select the angular limitations and preferred angles icon Bring the cursor to the white zone and select Edit. It will open automatically the preferred edit panel
•
You can also create and modify zones between the limits (white transparent surface) by using the contextual menu using (third button of the mouse) and then select “Add”
•
A zone will automatically be generated in the middle of the range. At the same time the Edit panel will open. If not, double-click on the zone or select Edit when pressing on the right button of the mouse Edit: Risky, Color Red, Score: 2, min limit 0degree, max limit 46 degrees.
•
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• •
• •
Detailed Steps
Move the cursor on the white zone (not defined yet) and press “Add” again with the third button Edit: Optimal, Color green, Score: 10, min limit 46degrees, max limit 66 degrees.
Once all preferred angles have been created, unselect the Icon In the Specification tree, select the forearm, select the Preferred angle under the manikin’s setting and by using the contextual menu, go in the properties and click the mirror copy function
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Detailed Steps
•
In the Specification tree, select the right forearm, click CTRL and select the Preferred angles under the manikin’s setting and using the contextual menu, go in the properties and click the mirror copy function
•
Save it as my first preferred angle in the same catalog using
icon
Note: Before saving in the catalog, do not forget to select, in the specification tree, the specific settings you want to save inside the catalog, Otherwise every settings of the manikin will be copied 1.68 -
Use the postural score panel
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Open the “Open Postural-score Panel”
Detailed Steps
and analyze the comfort of the manikin
Note: The graphic shows that the segment is within the preferred zone (green) but not in the optimal position (middle of the pie chart). If you want an accurate percentage value, select the list representation instead of the chart.
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Evaluate the current posture of the forearm using the score: in this case (around 85%) Using the contextual menu when clicking on the manikin, go in the properties and select the coloring tab
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Detailed Steps
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In the field of Coloring, activate the button “All”, select Degrees of Freedom1 and in the last field, select surface. • Select the preferred angles for the Head, Thoracic, lumbar and click apply and close the score panel or click OK • Exit the Human Posture Analysis Workbench. The color will remain displayed on the manikin. Note: If you did not close the score panel, the panel will also remain visible in Human builder
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Use catalog
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Optimize the posture with the preferred angles score
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Load preferred angles for comfort that have been saved in the same catalog using icon. Select manikin aspects for training. In the catalog panel, select the Happy driver and the A. Weichnrieder (SAE) Catalog then click Apply.
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Detailed Steps
Note: According to the Icon, this is preferred angles data. Note: It is recommended to generate several families inside the same catalog in order to easily sort out the type of data stored inside the catalog. Open the catalog by doing file open and select the catalog directly. • • •
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Double-click on a segment to return to the human posture analysis workbench and Open the Postural-score Panel. Analyze the comfort of the manikin according to these new Catalog specifications. Exit the workbench again, the panel remains available within the human builder workbench.
Identify the segments that are not in an optimum position and try to position them to obtain a global score of 100% using the forward kinematics. Manipulate the manikin with the forward kinematics to increase the score. What is the maximum score you can obtain? Press on “Optimize posture” to automatically get 100%. Apply other comfort libraries and compare the results If you really want the manikin to remain within the best range of motion, you only have to click on the following Icon , At this time, the range of motion of the segment will be limited to the optimal zone (zone with the highest score)
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You can also completely lock the mobility of a joint by using the following function In a sitting posture, you can use the preferred Catalog to evaluate the force instead of the comfort.
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Detailed Steps
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Using the following icon segments.
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, you will be able to reset the angular Using the reset angular limitation button limitations ( remove the limitations or set it back to normal range of motion.)
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Simulate the Driver reaching for a parking brake, and load the force_arm_pull data for Preferred angles In this case, the score represents the amount of force in pound that 90, 75 or 50% of the population can exert in this specific position
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, You can remove all angular limitations on selected
Highlight the worse case
When you display the results (color) on the surface from the manikin’s properties. The software usually shows a single DOF at the time
By clicking on the Worst DOF, the software will display the segments and their worst DOF. If there is no wrong posture for a segment, no color will be displayed. Note: Some standard or generic catalogs are not totally relevant for your specific analysis. In some case you might want to use an existing Catalog (standard or not) and modify it for your specific needs. COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2005
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Detailed Steps
Note: Since the hands of the manikin have constraint on the steering wheel (see previous section / Use the Constraint function). You can change the anthropometry of the manikin or change the position of the steering wheel, Click on the update constraint function and automatically evaluate the comfort again. You can also customize the display your “favorites” preferred angles. • Under the Human postural Analysis options, identify your favorites segments and add them using the arrow.
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Once the list has been updated, you can check the score for the current list (Example: Favorite arm and thigh)
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Detailed Steps
4. Step 4: Customized joints for the spine 1.72 -
Customized joints for preferred angles
The Spine of the manikin is divided into two major sections: The lumbar and the Thoracic. This subdivision does not answer all individual needs for different customers. This is why it is now possible to customize or create new joints on the spine. • •
Select the customized joints icon In the customize joints panel, select the degree of freedom and click on “New”
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On the spine select the segments you want to use to define your new joint. For example select the hip as the start and select the neck as the end. This new joint will consider the angular limitations of all segments including the inside of your selection an it will create a new global angular limitation.
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As shown in the following image, you can also create new joints that overlap the joints you have created before
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Detailed Steps
Then, once all new joints have been created, you can then define preferred angles inside these new joints the same way you did before.
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Check the global and average score
These preferred angles and preferred and score can also be displayed on the manikin or in the score panel.
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Save the customized joints in a catalog
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From the «Manikin Tools» toolbar, select the «Save manikin’s attributes from a catalog» icon. The following panel appears.
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With the «Browser another catalog» icon, select the desired catalog in the «File selection» window and click on «Open
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Detailed Steps
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Enter a title for the manikin’s attributes that you are about to save.
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In the specification tree, with the «Ctrl» key, select the specific attributes for specific segments you want to save in the catalog.
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Click on «Save» and the catalog dialog box is updated. Click on to update the catalog box. The saved attributes appear in a thumbnail. Specific Attributes are shown either on the manikin or with the icons on each side of the thumbnail.
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Detailed Steps
If the Display mode is on «Details», look in the type column in other to see what type of information is saved. Create report
Once you have obtained results from the postural analysis, it is easy to put all those results into a spread Sheet document. According to the following table, you can see that the user has evaluated the comfort for several boundary and standard manikins. The test also include different populations
Note: In the same spread Sheet document, you can put together several types of analysis such as Comfort, vision, clearance, reach, etc You can also generate a standard V5 human Report 1.76 -
Create V5 human report
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. Select the report icon and click on the manikin Input name for the report and select the analysis you want to integrate inside the report
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Select the output location and the type of format Click OK Now every time you perform an action with the manikin and you want to conduct one of the analysis selected in the report you simply have to update the report Use the Output files filed to specify the location of the report and the file to define the format Select the report in the Specification tree and click update with the right button of the mouse
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Detailed Steps
In the tools options, you can enable the customization of the report identification. In fact, this option allows you to input a specific title (Name) for each update request.
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Once created, the report is easily accessible (for edition), in the specification tree. You can at any time double click on the report and change the list of the analysis. • The report can also be saved in the catalog. It allows you to apply the same analysis from one manikin to another. Note: You can have multiple reports for a simple manikin. Then you can select to update all the report at once or select which report you wish to update depending on which of the update button you select. Note: You can find further information on the results and the specifications on most of the analysis in the annex
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Detailed Steps
5. Step 5: Gathering and analyzing the results For every action you perform on the manikin you can update the report You can also open the report directly from the specification tree
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Explore different postures and update the report In the tools option, you can activate a feature that allows you to add a name for every update you do.
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Detailed Steps
Master Exercise 4 1. Step 1: RULA Ergonomics Analysis The Rapid Upper Limbs Assessment (RULA) Ergonomic Analysis is used to analyze the handling of tasks. It analyses the current posture of the manikin. In order to position the manikin you will use the reach-offset function. It allows you to position the manikin by reaching a target with an intermediary object (Ex. Tools). 1.77 - Apply RULA •
Start the Human Activity analysis workbench
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Select the operator in the specification tree and Click on Hide/Show to make the manikin visible The manikin should be in the following posture and place. If it’s not the case, you can use the Catalog “standing posture” and select “standing for seat_2” posture
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Select the RULA icon Select the operator and enter the following specifications Side: Enter the side you want to realize the analysis (Left) Posture: Enter if the task is static, Intermittent, repetitive (Intermittent) Repeat frequency: select the frequency (< 4 times /min) Arm: The arms of the manikin are supported (No) Arms: Do the arms work across the centerline of the body (No) Balance: Does the manikin need to keep his balance? (Yes) Load: What is the actual load handled by the manikin (2kg)
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Detailed Steps
You directly obtain the results of the RULA analysis • In the specification tree, select the coloring node under the Profiles node
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In the panel select the RULA analysis and show colors “All but the maximum Score” Finally select the Surface Click Ok and the color for the associate segment will be highlighted directly on the surface of the manikin
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Detailed Steps
Results
The final score presented by RULA will be a number between 1 and 7. 1 being the lower risk and 7 the highest risk. These numbers are associated with a significant color code and a message. In order to make the calculation, the software takes your specifications combined with the current posture of the manikin. If your observations from a real worker doing the task differ from the V5 posture of the manikin, you might have to manually input some parameters. Let’s suppose the real worker does not: Elevate his shoulder perform some abduction of his arms Twist his trunk Bend sideways If it’s the case, expend the function using the more button and change these details in order to reflect more accurately the reality.
The result will be modified accordingly to you new input. • Close the panel • Select the report Icon, select the manikin • Select the RULA Analysis and RULA details inside the Report definition • Define the path for the output and select the HTML format
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Detailed Steps
Note: According to the posture you have generated, the score might be different. Also, all the analyses are real time based. It means that if you modify the selected manikin’s posture, the current analysis score will be modified as well. Note: In the Options, it is possible to modify the value for each type of movement. This is the case is you want to change the RULA standard for example a wrist is considered bended at 25 degrees instead of 35 . In this case, you would get warning sooner and it will be considered is more conservative approach.
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Detailed Steps
2. Step 2: Lift/Lower analysis The Lift/Lower Ergonomic Analysis is used to analyze lifting and lowering tasks. It requires the user to record two postures (initial and final posture). 1.79 • • • • • •
Conduct a lift and lower analysis Select the Lift/Lower analysis into the human activity analysis workbench Deactivate the constraints (double click on the constraints in the specification tree) and reset the entire posture of the operator In the Lift/Lower panel, select the operator and record two postures Keep the current posture of the operator, select the Initial posture and click record For the second posture, use the IK mode and raise the hands and the trunk Activate the Finale posture and click record
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Select the NIOSH 1981 and enter the following specifications 1 lift every 120s AND Duration: 1 hour The score is automatically updated You can select again the Initial and the final postures and validate them Select the Initial posture and raise the hand and the trunk then click on Modify You can also select different Guidelines (NIOSH 1981, 1991 and Snook & Ciriello)
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For each analysis, generate a report using the icon and input a name directly from the analysis window Once you have explored the functionalities, reset the posture and reactivate the constraints.
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Retrieve the Replay using the Replay function. Activate the two constraints on the hands of the operator and Run the simulation. At the frame 2, stop the simulation and record the initial posture for the lift analysis and record the last frame as the final position and get the results. Results
Once you have recorded or modified the two postures, you can change either the specifications and automatically conduct another analysis. As shown in the following image, the score mainly represents the recommended or the maximum weight that can be lifted.
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Detailed Steps
Note: You can find further information on the results and the specifications in the annex
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Detailed Steps
3. Step 3: Push/Pull analysis The Push/Pull Ergonomic Analysis is used to analyze pushing and pulling tasks. It uses the current posture of the manikin as a base for the analysis. The use of this type of analysis is mainly for pushing and pulling a kart. 1.81 - Conduct a push/pull analysis • •
Insert a new manikin called worker using insert existing component Select the manikin and toolbox.CATProducts
• • • • •
and enter the following specifications Open the push and pull analysis 1 push every 2 minutes AND Distance 14 meter Compare the results if you increase the number of pull every 2 minutes to 2 pulls The results of the analysis will appear in the same panel window. From the Specification tree, generate a report
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Results
As shown in the following image. Once you have entered the specifications the score mainly represents the acceptable force the population is able to exert on a kart. This force is separated into two components: Initial and sustained force
Note:
You can find further information on the results and the specification in the annex
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Detailed Steps
4. Step 4: Carry analysis The Carry Ergonomic Analysis is used to analyze carrying tasks. It uses the current posture of the manikin as a base for the analysis. As soon as the posture is set you can call the guideline and apply the analysis. The result of the analysis will appear in the result window. The specification section allows you to specify the criterion required for that specific task such as duration and frequencies. 1.83 - Apply carry analysis Insert a new manikin called: “Manikin and object to carry” using the catalog: Catalog_manikin.catalog
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Select the Carry analysis in the Human Activity analysis workbench In the panel select the worker_2 and enter the following specifications 1 carry every 120s AND Distance to carry 4000mm 90% of the population (Bigger is the accommodation rate lower is the weight) The results automatically display the results: 166,162 Newton From the specification tree, select the appropriate analysis for the report definition and generate a report
Results
Once you have recorded or modified the two postures, you can change either the specifications and automatically conduct another analysis. As shown in the following image, the score mainly represents the recommended or the maximum weight that can be lifted.
Note: You can find further information on the results and the specifications in the annex
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Detailed Steps
5. Step 5: Biomechanics Single Action analysis The previous analyses are limited in the sense that the data has been gathered during standard experimentations. This means that the postures adopted by the manikin should be relatively close to the postures of the subject during the experimentation. This new function allows you get accurate value of the torque (moment), shear and compression level on different segments and for unlimited numbers of postures. 1.85 -
Conduct Biomechanics analysis
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Select the operator and position his hands on the seat in front of him as he would do to lift the seat. Note: Remember, if you want to manipulate the manikin using the IK, you need to highlight the father product
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Once the manikin is correctly positioned with the correct posture, the first action that needs to
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be done is to put various loads on the manikin by selecting the load icon Select the operator and input the weight of the seat equally distributed on each hand
We will explore different loads orientation and distribution later on • Click Ok and see in the specification tree under the manikin, the load will be displayed
Note: You can create as many different loads as you want. In order to simplify the analysis, it is recommended to activate only the loads currently used. COPYRIGHT DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2005 95
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Detailed Steps
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Go in the Human Activity Analysis Workbench
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Select the Biomechanics function and select the operator The results will automatically be calculated Explore different orientations in order to simulate a push action instead of a lift Explore different weight distributions Check the impact on the results From the specification tree, select the appropriate analysis and generate a report
You can also check the 3D biomechanics with the manikins that are carrying the seat or pushing on the toolbox 1.86 -
Results
There are several types of information available for this function. Among the interesting results, the user can see the Spine compression limit using the chart diagram. Using the reference from NIOSH, it’s easy to identify to risky task. The type of information is a lot more significant for ergonomics experts. On the other hand, this type of information is really valuable to compare the posture even for a non ergonomics expert.
Note: You can export the results into a text file
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