general myology, angiology & neurology. introduction to the

Jul 20, 2005 - APONEUROSIS = FLAT TENDON. 3. 2. FLESHY = DIRECTLY TO or. FROM PERIOSTEUM. (Sharpey's fibers !) 2. RESISTANT TO STRETCH ...
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GENERAL MYOLOGY, ANGIOLOGY & NEUROLOGY. INTRODUCTION TO THE REGIONAL ANATOMY.

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20th July, 2005.

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GENERAL MYOLOGY I.

ABILITY OF ACTIVE CONTRACTION: MYOEPITHEL

2.

SMOOTH

- slow - greater extent - long lasting - autonomic innerv.

CARDIAC

- fairly fast - periodic - no resting - autonomic innerv.

SKELETAL = STRIATED

- very fast - limited extent - gets tired - somatic innerv.

MUSCLE

!!

VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

!!

parallelly organized fibers

MUSCLE

=

INDIVIDUAL ORGAN

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3.

GENERAL MYOLOGY II.

0. FASCIA (epimysium) = CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH !! PUMPING BLOOD IN VEINS !!

ORIGIN 1. ATTACHMENTS MAINLY BONY

PUNCTUM FIXUM (PROXIMAL)

!! CHANGE !!

INSERTION

exceptions: - skin - raphe - capsule - tendon - eyeball

PUNCTUM MOBILE (DISTAL)

origin

2. ACTION NOT TO BE STUDIED...

3. INNERVATION

insertion

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4.

GENERAL MYOLOGY III.

TYPES OF ATTACHMENTS 1. TENDON

= MOST COMMON (dense regular collagenious CT)

2. FLESHY

= DIRECTLY TO or FROM PERIOSTEUM (Sharpey’s fibers !)

3. APONEUROSIS = FLAT TENDON

1

2 RESISTANT TO STRETCH, BUT FLEXIBLE: CAN BE ANGLED AND CAN MODIFY PULLING DIRECTION (e.g. obturator internus m.)

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GENERAL MYOLOGY IV.

(more or less)

FLAT

ROUND

(w. varying shape)

FUSIFORM - MOST SHORTENING - LEAST POWER

UNIPENNATE

BIPENNATE - LEAST SHORTENING - MOST POWER

MUSCLE TYPES

5.

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6.

GENERAL MYOLOGY V.

POWER: # of fibers / cross section

CONTRACTION: 50% of original length

C A A A B B B

A/2 A/2 B/2 B/2

C C C/2 C/2

PARALLEL FIBER

UNIPENNATE

BIPENNATE

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GENERAL MYOLOGY V.

7. 1st CLASS LEVER

ACTIONS

VECTORS OF POWER (dynamically changing !)

2nd CLASS LEVER

3rd CLASS LEVER

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GENERAL MYOLOGY VI.

8.

SYNOVIAL SHEATH SYNOVIAL BURSA

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GENERAL ANGIOLOGY I. CIRCULATIONS BLOOD

LYMPH

!! related to the ventricles of the heart !! ARTERY

ARTERIOLE

BIG CIRCLE

CAPILLARY

VENULE

VEIN

SMALL CIRCLE

9.

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10.

GENERAL ANGIOLOGY II. ARTERIES

VEINS ARTERIES VEINS

BRANCH !!! UNITE !!!

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GENERAL ANGIOLOGY III. LYMPH

IMPORTANCE OF REGIONAL LYMPH NODES

!!! (inflammation & cancer)

11.

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12.

GENERAL ANGIOLOGY IV. SUBCLAVIAN V.

INT. JUGULAR V.

ANGULUS VENOSUS

R. LYMPH. TRUNK

¼

THORACIC DUCT

¾

Lymphoedema

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13.

GENERAL NEUROLOGY I. CLASSIFICATION OF NEURAL STRUCTURES

CENTRAL (CNS) L O C A T I O N

BRAIN HAEMISPHERES

BRAIN STEM

CEREBELLUM F U N C T.

SOMATIC

PERIPHERAL (PNS) SC

C 1-8 Th 1-12 L 1-5 S 1-5 Co 1

NERVE

GANGL.

CRANIAL (12 pairs)

SENSORY

SPINAL (31 pairs)

AUTONOMIC

and PLEXUSES

SENSORY & MOTOR SYMPATHETIC

AUTONOMIC PARASYMPATHETIC

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14.

GENERAL NEUROLOGY II.

!!! PLEXUSES !!!

DEFINITION

SPINAL NERVE

VENTRAL RAMUS

DORSAL RAMUS

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15.

GENERAL NEUROLOGY III. 3.

4. EFF. 2.

AFF.

1.

5.

RECEPTOR

EFFECTOR 2 x 107

3 x 107

THE REFLEX ARCH:

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GENERAL NEUROLOGY III.

16.

1. BORDERS

(2. PALPABLE STRUCTURES)

3. SKIN INNERVATION

4. STRUCTURES LAYER BY LAYER