Evaluating Temporal Graphs built from Texts via Transitive Reduction
Notes et Documents LIMSI No: 2009 - 21. Novembre 2009. Auteurs (Authors) : Xavier Tannier & Philippe Muller. Titre : Evaluating Temporal Graphs built from ...
NOTES et DOCUMENTS LIMSI No : 2009 - 21 November 2009
Evaluating Temporal Graphs built from Texts via Transitive Reduction
Xavier Tannier & Philippe Muller
Notes et Documents LIMSI No : 2009 - 21 Novembre 2009 Auteurs (Authors) : Xavier Tannier & Philippe Muller Titre : Evaluating Temporal Graphs built from Texts via Transitive Reduction Title: Evaluating Temporal Graphs built from Texts via Transitive Reduction Nombre de pages (Number of pages) : 2
R´ esum´ e : L’information temporelle des textes est le sujet d’une attention r´ecente dans le domaine de l’extraction d’information, conduisant ` a des efforts de standardisation, notamment pour la tˆ ache de relier les ´ev´enements dans un texte. Une partie de cet effort concerne la fa¸con de comparer deux annotations d’un mˆeme texte, sachant que les relations temporelles entre les ´ev´enements sont interd´ependants et ne peuvent ˆetre ´evalu´es s´epar´ement. Trouver une r´ef´erence de comparaison commune n’est pas une tˆ ache ais´ee, et nous argumentons ici en faveur de l’utilisation d’un objet unique, un graphe temporel minimal, ou plus formellement, la r´eduction transitive du graphe existant entre les limites des ´ev´enements. Mots cl´ es : Graphes temporels, ´evaluation, r´eduction transitive Abstract : Temporal information has been the focus of recent attention in information extraction, leading to some standardization effort, in particular for the task of relating events in a text. Part of this effort addresses the ability to compare two annotations of a given text, while relations between events in a story are intrinsically interdependent and cannot be evaluated separately. A proper evaluation measure is also crucial in the context of a machine learning approach to the problem. Finding a common comparison referent at the text level is not an obvious endeavour, and we argue here in favor of a shift from event-based measures to measures on a unique textual object, a minimal underlying temporal graph, or more formally the transitive reduction of the graph of relations between event boundaries. We support it by an investigation of its properties on synthetic data and on a well-know temporal corpus. Key words: Temporal graphs, evaluation, transitive reduction
an empirical study of the behavior of these measures on generated data and on the ... A table of all composition rules in Allen algebra can be found in [2] or [16], and ..... With these specifications, the graph boils down to the directed graph of a
Mar 9, 2001 - Alembic. [4], Proteus [11], and TextPro [7] (a descendant of Fastus [6, 5]) are examples of ... (English-French) information extraction system; while Lexis [21] was developed ..... to have a good coverage of the finite class of proper n
complexity: a lot of events described in a text do not have an .... the basis of a more complete "event calculus" will be more ..... Results are shown Table. 4.
indicators), to the evolution of network properties over longer periods of time. ... mental results of the application of atemporal metrics applied to a portion of the ... 1 Introduction ... epidemic or innovation diffusion, the teams formation and s
for large color shifts induced by chromatic patterns (Monnier & Shevell, 2003, 2004). Here, we used temporally-varied chromatic inducing light to infer receptive- ...
In a pie chart, the arc length of each sector (and consequently its central angle and area), is proportional to the quantity it represents. Definition 5. A bar graph is ...
9) Place each assembly over the mounting posts with setscrews facing down. Pivoting post with bar should be on the left side. Tighten both setscrews. Directives ...
the field of e-commerce or security) and multi-agent systems. ... Let us first recall some elements about probability intervals, before studying how .... of f, EP (f) and EP (f) as ... Therefore, Equations (5) and (6) reduce to sums of lower and uppe
Can you draw the digraph so that all edges point from left to ... this lecture: use integers between 0 and V-1. ⢠real world: .... Ignore keywords and content, focus on hyperlink structure. ... can't detect all possible infinite loops (halting prob
Earth, for me alone do you bear no flowers? ... Will you soar to heaven on the wings of these chants? .... No matter! All right ... Of gold and of azure, happy Faust,.
they top raid by household effects acc all burn pst. "They had his all household effects burned out by the raid." The volitionality of the subjects in (1) and (2) is not ...
or damaged, the house wiring is attached to the junction box bracket through a strain relief, ...... Remove protective film if present from the control panel and door.
Une armée qui s'avance. Faust. Mais d'un éclat guerrier les campagnes se parent. Ah! les fils du Danube aux combats se préparent ! Avec quel air fier et joyeux.
January 17, 2011. Abstract ... positive integers, whose sum is equal to 1V 1, we can find k disjoint subsets of V , V1,...,Vk, such that ... a network of connected computing resources, and suppose that there are k different users needing respec-.
Transformations of graphs. 0. (. A curve has equation. ( ). " " . The curve with equation is the translation of. The curve with equation. Transl is ations of graphs.
Hiesinger et al. (2005) performed a forward genetic screen for proteins required for neurotransmis- sion in Drosophila. They identified the gene vha100, the.
Mar 25, 1999 - aquatic treatment systems may be sized to efficiently treat only the first-flush of .... Culture water was composed of 35% Perrier Mineral. Water and 65% ultrapure .... Testing Flowchart [10] approved statistical methods. ToxCalc ...
transition diagram of M. The machine M is initially connected, if for any state s â S .... identification and later as system/automaton identification problem by Gold [6]. The ..... Hennie, F.C.: Fault-detecting experiments for sequential circuits.
The concept of visual hull was first introduced by Baum- gart [3], it was reviewed by .... It is likely to inspire progress in other applications, such as spatio-temporal ...
the real numbers as an infinitely long line, and picking a number as putting a dot ... In the equation, y = ax + q, a and q are constants and have different effects on ...
For a semiconducting. CDW with the Fermi level in the middle of the gap, a shift of the chemical potential leads to an increase of quasi-particles. (either electrons ...
