Enterprise Java™ with UML™
CT Arlington
Wiley Computer Publishing
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NEW YORK • CHICHESTER • WEINHEIM • BRISBANE • SINGAPORE • TORONTO
To my beautiful wife Anne, you were sooo worth the wait! Always and forever, To Bethany Carleen, our precious daughter, and my personal trainer. To Anne Burzawa, my best friend from cradle to grave.
Publisher: Robert Ipsen Editor: Theresa Hudson Developmental Editor: Kathryn A. Malm Managing Editor: Angela Smith Text Design & Composition: Publishers' Design and Production Services, Inc. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or ALL CAPITAL LETTERS. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. This book is printed on acid-free paper. © Copyright © 2001 by CT Arrington. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ @ WILEY.COM. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be soughtLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: ISBN: 0-471-38680-4 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Contents OMG Press Advisory Board
xvii
OMG Press Books in Print
xix
About the OMG
xxi
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Introduction to Modeling Java with the UML
1
What Is Modeling? Simplification Varying Perspectives Common Notation UML The Basics Modeling Software Systems with the UML The Customer's Perspective The Developer's Perspective Modeling Process Requirements Gathering Analysis Technology Selection Architecture Design and Implementation The Next Step
2 3 3 4 4 4 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16
Gathering Requirements with UML
17
Are You Ready? What Are Good Requirements? Find the Right People Listen to the Stakeholders Develop Accessible Requirements Describe Detailed and Complete Requirements
18 18 19 20 21 24 III
iv
Contents
Refactor the Use Case Model
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
27
Guidelines for Gathering Requirements Focus on the Problem Don't Give Up Don't Go Too Far Believe in the Process
34 34 35 35 36
How to Detect Poor Requirements Path 1: Excessive Schedule Pressure Path 2: No Clear Vision Path 3: Premature Architecture and Design
37 38 39 40
The Next Step
40
Gathering Requirements for the Timecard Application
41
Listen to the Stakeholders
42
Build a Use Case Diagram Find the Actors Find the Use Cases Determine the Actor-to-Use-Case Relationships
44 44 45 47
Describe the Details Guidelines for Describing the Details
48 48
Gathering More Requirements
58
Revising the Use Case Model Revise the Use Case Diagram Revising the Use Case Documentation
61 61 63
The Next Step
75
A Brief Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis with the UML
77
Are You Ready? Solid Requirements Prioritizing Use Cases
78 78 78
What Is Object-Oriented Analysis? The Analysis Model Relationship to Use Case Model Steps for Object-Oriented Analysis
80 80 SO 81
Discover Candidate Objects Guidelines for Discovering Objects Process for Discovering Objects
81 81 83
Describe Behavior Guidelines for Finding Behavior
90 90
Contents
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
A Process for Describing Behavior
92
Describe the Classes Guidelines for Describing Classes Process for Describing Classes
95 95 97
The Next Step
101
Analysis Model for the Timecard Application
103
Prioritizing the Use Cases The Ranking System Evaluation of the Export Time Entries Use Case Eva uation of the Create Charge Code Use Case Eva uation of the Change Password Use Case Eva uation of the Login Use Case Eva uation of the Record Time Use Case Eva uation of the Create Employee Use Case Select Use Cases for the First Iteration
103 104 107 108 109 109 110 111 112
Discover Candidate Objects Discover Entity Objects Discover Boundary Objects Discover Control Classes Discover Lifecycle Classes
112 113 116 118 118
Describe Object Interactions Add Tentative Behavior for Login Build Sequence Diagrams for Login Validate Sequences for Login Sequence Diagrams and Class Diagrams for the Remaining Use Cases
118 119 119 122 124
Describe Classes Find Relationships for Login Find Relationships for Export Time Entries Find Relationships for Record Time
126 127 128 129
The Next Step
131
Describing the System for Technology Selection
133
Are You Ready?
134
Group Analysis Classes Boundary (User Interface) Boundary (System Interface) Control, Entity, and Lifecycle
134 134 136 136
Describe Each Group User Interface Complexity
136 137
v
vi
Contents
Deployment Constraints for User Interfaces Number and Type of Users Available Bandwidth Types of System Interfaces Performance and Scalability
Chapter 7
138 140 141 142 143
Technology Requirements for the Timecard Application Find Groups of Analysis Classes User Interface Complexity Deployment Constraints for User Interfaces Number and Type of Users Available Bandwidth Types of System Interfaces Performance and Scalability
144 144 144 146 147 148 148 148
The Next Step
152
Evaluating Candidate Technologies for Boundary Classes 153 Technology Template
153
Swing Gory Details Strengths Weaknesses Compatible Technologies Cost of Adoption Suitability
154 155 165 165 165 166 167
Java Servlets Gory Details Strengths Weaknesses Compatible Technologies Cost of Adoption Suitability
168 170 172 172 172 172 173
XML
175
Gory Details Strengths Weaknesses Compatible Technologies Cost of Adoption Suitability
176 178 178 178 178 179
Contents Technology Selections for the Timecard System User Interface Classes
Chapter 8
Conclusion
181
The Next Step
182
Evaluating Candidate Technologies for Control and Entity Classes
183
RMI
183
Gory Details Common Uses of RMI Strengths Weaknesses Compatible Technologies Cost of Adoption
184 188 192 192 192 192
JDBC Gory Details Strengths Weaknesses Compatible Technologies Cost of Adoption Suitability of RMI and JDBC
193 193 196 197 198 198 198
ETB 1.1
Chapter 9
180 180
199
Gory Details Strengths Weaknesses Compatible Technologies Cost of Adoption Suitability
202 205 206 206 206 207
Sampie Technology Selection Technology Requirements
208 208
The Next Step
210
Software Architecture
211
Are You Ready? Clear Understanding of the Problem Clear Understanding of the Technology
212 212 212
Goals for Software Architecture Extensibility Maintainability
213 213 213
vii
viii
Contents
Reliability Scalability
214 214
UML and Architecture Packages Package Dependency Subsystems
214 214 217 219
Guidelines for Software Architecture Cohesion Coupling
221 222 222
Creating a Software Architecture The Architect A Process
222 222 223
Sample Architecture for the Timecard System Set Goals Group and Evaluate Classes Show Technologies Extract Subsystems Evaluate against Guidelines and Goals
225 225 226 233 233 233
The Next Step
237
Chapter 10 Introduction to Design What Is Design?
239 239
Are You Ready?
240
The Need for Design Productivity and Morale A Malleable Medium Scheduling and Delegation
240 240 241 241
Design Patterns Benefits
241 242
Use
243
Planning for Design Establish Goals for the Entire Design Establish Design Guidelines Find Independent Design Efforts
243 244 245 246
Designing Packages or Subsystems
246
Design Efforts for the Timecard Application
247
The Next Step
248
Chapter 11 Design for the TimecardDomain and TimecardWorkflow
249
Contents
Establish Goals for the Effort Performance and Reliability Reuse Extensibility
250 250 250 250
Review Prior Steps Review of the Analysis Model Review Architectural Constraints Design for Goals
251 251 257 258
Apply Design for Each Use Case Design for the Login Use Case Design for the Record Time Use Case Design for the Export Time Entries Use Case
262 262 266 271
Evaluate the Design
273
Implementation User Entity Bean Timecard Entity Bean LoginWorkflow Stateless Session Bean RecordTimeWorkflow Stateful Session Bean Supporting Classes ChargeCodeHome ChargeCodeWrapper.java Node.java
277 277 283 292 296 301 308 319 320
The Next Step
321
Chapter 12 Design for HTML Production
323
Design Goals Goal 1: Support Modular Construction of Views Goal 2: Keep HTML Production Simple Goal 3: Support Preferences Goal 4: Extensibility and Encapsulation
324 324 324 326 326
Design to Goals Design for Goal 1: Support Modular Construction of Views Design for Goal 2: Keep HTML Production Simple Design for Goal 3: Support Preferences Design for Goal 4: Extensibility and Encapsulation
327 330 335 338
Filling in the Details
339
Implementation IHtmlProducer.java ComboBoxProducer.java
327
346 346 347
IX
X
Contents
FormProducer.java PageProducer.java SubmitButtonProducer TableProducer.java TabularlnputFormProducer.java TextFieldProducer.java TextProducer.java IConcreteProducer.java ProducerFactory.java FormProducerGeneric.java PageProducerGeneric.java TableProducerGeneric.java TabularTnputFormProducerGeneric.java The Next Step Chapter 13 Design for the TimecardUl Package
348 350 351 352 354 356 358 359 360 364 366 368 369 371 373
Establish Design Goals Extensibility Testability
373 373 374
Review Prior Steps Review Architectural Constraints Review Analysis Model
374 374 375
Design to Goals
379
Design for Each Use Case Create Design for the Login Use Case Create Design for the Record Time Use Case
381 381 383
Implementation LoginServlet.java RecordTimeServlet.java BaskServlet.java The Next Step Chapter 14 Design for Bill! ngSystem Interface Identify Goals Clarity Performance and Reliability Extensibility Reuse Potential
387 387 392 397 399 401 401 402 402 402 402
Review of Analysis Model
402
Review of Architecture
402
Contents Design Sequence Diagram for Export Specific Users Sequence Diagram for Export All Users Participating Classes Implementation ExportCriteria.java ExportFile.java Exp or tTimeEntr Conclusion
ie
s
A
pplic
403 406 406 406 407 407 412 ation.java 414 417
Appendix A Visual Glossary
419
Appendix B Additional Resources
435
Appendix C The CD-ROM
439
Index
441
XI
