Spécialité S9

Enjeux de la production d’une enveloppe à modulation de courbures

Marine Bagnéris

University Montpellier II National School of Architecture Montpellier AbAcA - Structural Consulting Engineers

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introduction

• context Non-standard architecture : a wide concept

Gifu Kitagata - SANAA architects - 1998

Hamburg - LAN architects - 2010 2

introduction

• context …restricted to Non-standard morphogenesis

Jalisco - NOX architects - Guadalajara Mexico - 2005 3

introduction

• context × Sophisticated tools (Rhino, Catia…) providing visual representation of complex geometries

Fondation Arnaud - Gehry Paris - 2009

Oblique World Trade Center NOX - New York - 2001

National Library - Future System - Prague - 2007-2011 4

introduction

• remarks × “complex” geometry means visual representation instead of tool of mental understanding × complicated situations

Xefirotarch – San Jose University Art Museum, San Jose, USA, 2003

“Eléments de géométris descriptive” Gaspard Monge

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introduction

• problematic × the understanding through representation × continuous information flow from “0 to 1”

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outline

• introduction • shape classification • case study : les Ruralies • conclusion

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shape classification

• 3 classes of forms × analytical forms – geometrically constrained

× mechanical forms – mechanically constrained

× flexible forms – unconstrained

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shape classification

• analytical forms × square, circle, triangle, polygon…

× cube, sphere, cylinder, torus…

× ruled surfaces: hypar, hyperboloid of revolution…

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shape classification

• analytical forms often used in architecture

Taq-I Kesra - Ctesiphon - Sasanian capital city (Iraq) – 3th century - 35m high, 25m span, 50m long - the biggest brick vault in the world.

Schlaich Bergermann & Partners cable net dry cooling tower - 1974

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shape classification

• analytical forms complex shapes born from their intersections…

Bazar - Istanbul - Turquie - 1455

Intersection of two cylinders 11

shape classification

• analytical forms …and combinations grasped by architects and builders

“A forest of columns ending in a crown of vaults in shape of paraboloïds” Motro 2006.

Gaudi - Sagrada Familia 1882-2030

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shape classification

• analytical forms today, improved by CAD tools

St-Lazare metro station – Paris - 2004 13

shape classification

• analytical forms “Form-Force” conceptual schema [Motro 93] Form

gy Tech nolo

Curved glass panels Glass Stainless steel

M

ate ria l

Accidental actions

e Forc

Geometry of revolution

Square grid

re u t c ru t S 14

shape classification

• analytical forms × mastered for ages

× “analytical” language links “experimental” and “theoretical” knowledge to lead the project from “0 to 1” × morphological vocabulary partly exhausted

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shape classification

• mechanical forms × funicular shapes

Mannheim - Mutschler and Langner - Otto Frei – Ove Arup & Partners - Germany - 1971 16

shape classification

• mechanical forms × funicular shapes

Tennis de Crissier - Heinz Isler - 1980-1985

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shape classification

• mechanical forms × prestress shapes

Marsyas - Anish Kapoor - Arup - London - England - 2002 18

shape classification

• mechanical forms × selfstress shapes

Sleeping Dragon - Kenneth Snelson – 2002-2003

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shape classification

• mechanical forms “Form-Force” conceptual schema

1 horizontal & 2 vertical Patterning rings ( fabric rolls )

PVC fabric

M

ate ria l

Prestress

e Forc

Tech nolo

gy

Form

Continuous membrane Anchorage

re u t c ru t S 20

shape classification

• mechanical forms × require either deep interest in form-finding process or theoretical knowledge on non-linear static equilibrium × only the boundary conditions are controlled

× without mechanical knowledge, the results range in a restricted family of solutions and lack of flexibility

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shape classification

• flexible forms × physical models generated as sculptures

Fondation Arnaud – Gehry – Paris - 2009

Pompidou two – Nox – Metz – 2003 (competition)

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shape classification

• flexible forms × sophisticated numerical tools (Rhino, Catia…) provide visual representation of complex geometries

Fondation Arnaud – Gehry – Paris - 2009

Pompidou two – Nox – Metz – 2003 (competition) 23

shape classification

• flexible forms × complex design generally governed by plastic intention without references to classical building techniques × geometric objects calculated but not drawn remain hidden in algorithmic languages × “complex” geometry means visual representation instead of tool of mental understanding

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shape classification

• flexible forms “Form-Force” conceptual schema Form

Adapted on site

Multi material

Ma ter

ial

?

e Forc

Tec hno logy

Physical / numerical models

Multi structures

e tur c ru St 25

shape classification

• flexible forms × seductive formal possibilities

× the merely visual predominates over materiality

× traditional techniques exploited to generate new esthetics, which should require new methods and tools 26

shape classification

• flexible forms × source of complication and disagreement between partners × complexity does not mean complication but does accept the whole rather than the parts × flexible forms entail new paradigms in the design process

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case study

• Les Ruralies × enginery by Marc Malinowsky

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• thanks for your attention !

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