GSM-R

GSM-R

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•• Introduction Introduction to to GSM-R GSM-R •• Railway Railway Applications Applications •• Network Network Features Features & & Functions Functions •• Vendor’s Vendor’s Solution Solution

GSM-R

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GSM-R specificity

•• ••

Private Private networks networks dedicated dedicated to to Railway Railway operators operators

•• ••

Cab Cab radio radio :: train train mounted mounted terminals terminals

High High speed speed trains trains communications communications :: up up to to 500 500 km/h km/h

New New features features supported supported to to meet meet Railway Railway operators operators needs needs

•• Separate Separate frequency frequency band band

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Issues with the current architecture •• Multiple Multiple communication communication systems systems needed needed for for different different applications applications

•• High High Training, Training, Operation Operation & & Maintenance Maintenance costs costs

•• Different Different frequencies frequencies utilized utilized

•• Low Low spectrum spectrum efficiency, efficiency, increases increases costs costs

•• Multiple Multiple country country standards standards

•• Limited Limited support support for for cross-border cross-border traffic traffic

Lower Lower cost cost solutions solutions required required GSM-R

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GSM-R Definition

ETSI ETSI

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS PARTNERS

UIC UIC

Requirements Requirements developed developed for for aa new new common common communication communication standard standard for for the the railways railways

EIRENE EIRENE

GSM GSM selected selected as as preferred preferred standard standard

MORANE MORANE

In In charge charge of of development development & & testing testing of of aa GSM-R GSM-R system system based based on on EIRENE’s EIRENE’s defined defined specifications specifications

GSM-R, GSM-R, Ready Ready for for deployment deployment GSM-R

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GSM-R frequencies

20 GSM channels available for GSM-R frequencies 45 MHz

R-

E-GSM

876 880

GSM

890

R-

915 25 MHz

4 MHz 10 MHz

E-GSM

921 925

GSM

935

4 MHz 10 MHz

Uplink

960

f/MHz

25 MHz

Downlink

GSM-R Terminals

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GSM-R Advantages Common Common Standard Standard technology technology

•• Lower Lower infrastructure infrastructure costs costs •• Interoperability Interoperability with with international international networks networks •• Benefits Benefits from from global global GSM GSM R&D R&D program program and and economies economies of of scale scale

Shared Shared infrastructure infrastructure

•• Simplified Simplified maintenance maintenance

Centralized Centralized OA&M OA&M

•• High High Reliability Reliability •• Improved Improved responsiveness responsiveness

Single Single frequency frequency utilization utilization

•• Reduced Reduced licence licence fees fees

Standard Standard applications applications with with common common interface interface

•• Reduced Reduced training training costs costs •• Improved Improved operational operational efficiency efficiency

New New passengers passengers applications applications

•• Improved Improved passengers passengers satisfaction satisfaction •• New New revenue revenue generation generation source source

EIRENE’s EIRENE’s business business case case identified identified GSM-R GSM-R as as the the most most appropriate appropriate technology technology GSM-R

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•• Introduction Introduction to to GSM-R GSM-R •• Railway Railway Applications Applications •• Network Network Features Features & & Functions Functions •• Nortel’s Nortel’s Solution Solution

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Track to train communications DMS-MSC

Data Network

VOICE

Controller Controller -- Driver Driver Communications Communications :: provide provide communications communications between between the the controller(s) controller(s) and and driver driver to to control control and and enhance enhance the the safety safety of of train train movements. movements.

is is the the process process by by which which the the movement movement of a train is influenced without of a train is influenced without any any action action by by the the driver driver

•• Sending Sending of of Position Position Information Information Messages Messages from from the the Train Train to to the the TCC TCC •• Sending Sending of of Movement Movement Authority Authority Messages Messages from from Train Train Control Control Center Center to to Train Train

Remote Remote Control Control supports supports bidirectional bidirectional data data flow flow between between fixed center and the train fixed center and the train

•• •• ••

Automatic Automatic Train Train Control Control

GSM-R

Air Air conditioning conditioning Brake Brake testing testing equipment equipment Fixed Fixed installations installations such such as as points points or or level level crossing crossing barraries barraries 9

Emergency Area Broadcast DMS-MSC

Voice

Emergency Area Broadcast is required to alert other railway staff in a specific area of an emergency situation. The feature supports: • Fast Call Setup • Area definition • Single emergency key stroke: Red button • Origination from controllers or other wireline subscribers, train driver, shunting, trackside worker or any other type of user at risk

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Shunting and Trackside Maintenance

Shunting Shunting

Communications Communications between: between: •• shunting shunting leader leader •• shunting shunting driver driver •• other other shunting shunting team team members members •• signal signal man man (fixed (fixed network) network) •• shunting shunting manager manager (fixed (fixed network) network) •• train train controller controller (fixed (fixed network) network)

Trackside Trackside Maintenance Maintenance

•• Voice Voice group group calls calls between between workers workers at at aa site site •• Wide Wide area area communication: communication: workers workers at at aa site, site, distant distant workers workers or or fixed fixed network network positions positions (controllers, (controllers, stations, stations, technical technical department,..) department,..) •• Supports Supports automatic automatic track track warning warning systems systems

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And other services ... •• Voice Voice communication communication support support for for on on board board Staff Staff to to increase increase efficiency efficiency of of operations operations Train Train support support Communications Communications

•• Customer Customer support support services: services: public public addresses addresses by by voice, voice, seat seat reservation, reservation, timetables timetables •• Revenue Revenue generating generating Data Data services services eg. eg. Ticketing and information services Ticketing and information services

Local Local communications communications at at stations and depots stations and depots

Wide Wide Area Area Communications Communications

•• General General radio radio •• Track Track side, side, non non train-originated train-originated communication (eg. communication (eg. Road Road vehicles, vehicles, track track inspectors, inspectors, railway railway police, police, access access to to private private network network or or PSTN) PSTN) •• Railroad Railroad maintenance maintenance communication communication

Passenger Passenger services services

•• Coin Coin operated operated telephone telephone or or telefax telefax communication communication for for on on board board passengers passengers •• Access Access to to the the Internet Internet

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Covered Areas Train Stations

Railways

Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom

Tunnels

GSM-R

Railroad Depots

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•• Introduction Introduction to to GSM-R GSM-R •• Railway Railway Applications Applications •• Network Network Features Features & & Functions Functions •• Nortel’s Nortel’s Solution Solution

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Network features and functions Controller-Driver Operational Communications Shunting

Automatic Train Control

Trackside Maintenance

Remote Control

Railway Applications

Emergency Area Broadcast Train Support Communications Local Communications at Station and Depots Wide Area Communications Passenger Services

Railway Operation Aspects Telecommunication Services - ASCI

Functional Addressing

eMLPP

Presentation of Functional Numbers

Access Matrix

VBS

Location Dependent Addressing

VGCS

GSM Infrastructure GSM-R

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GSM-R specific functions & features Functional Addressing

Railway Operation Aspects

Telecommunication Services Advanced speech call items (ASCI)

Presentation of Functional Numbers

Allows a user or an application to be reached by means of a number which identifies the relevant function and not the physical terminal Presents visual information about the call destination and origination via user to user signalling

Access Matrix

Provides access control within/among groups of users

Location Dependent Addressing

Provides the routing of mobile originated calls to the correct controller

eMLPP

enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Preemption allowing resource preemption for priority calls

VBS

Voice Broadcast Services allowing groups of users to receive common information

VGCS

Voice Group Call Service allowing groups of users to make calls within/among the groups

Dedicated Dedicated functions functions requiring requiring reliability, reliability, speed speed and and flexiblity flexiblity GSM-R

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Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption Service

Pre-emption Capabilities

Priority Levels

eMLPP Call Set-up Class

Queuing

eMLpp service applies to: • Point-to-point calls • Voice Broadcast Service • Voice Group Call Service

GSM-R

eMLPP eMLPP service service prevents prevents network network congestion congestion while while ensuring ensuring prioritized prioritized connection connection for for emergency emergency situations situations and and specific specific users. users. The The eMLPP eMLPP service service consists consists of of 22 parts: parts: Precedence Precedence -- assigns assigns aa priority priority level level for for call call setup setup and and call call continuity continuity in in case case of of handover. handover. Pre-emption Pre-emption -- in in the the absence absence of of idle idle resources, resources, aa call call of of higher higher level level precedence precedence can can seize seize the the resources resources being being used used for for aa call call of of lower lower precedence precedence

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Voice Broadcast Service Voice Voice Broadcast Broadcast Service Service allows allows the the distribution distribution of of speech speech originated originated by: by: GCA 3

GCA 2

VBS Originating Subscriber

••aa service service subscriber subscriber ••aa dispatcher dispatcher to to all all or or aa group group of of service service subscribers subscribers located located in in aa pre-defined pre-defined geographical geographical area area

GCA 1 Dispatcher

A A standard standard full full duplex duplex channel channel is is provided provided to to the the originator originator of of VBS VBS A A Simplex Simplex channel channel is is provided provided to to the the receiving receiving subscribers subscribers One One common common simplex simplex downlink downlink per per cell cell of of the the VBS VBS Group Group Call Call Area Area is is allocated allocated for for frequency frequency efficiency efficiency

Dispatcher GSM-R

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Voice Group Call Service Shunting Leader

Shunting Team Members

Voice Group Call Service allows a group of service subscribers in a pre-defined service area to have a speech conversation Voice Group Call Service includes all the functionalities in Voice Broadcast Service

Driver

In addition, the originator can pass the full duplex channel to another subscriber

Shunting Group Call

Dispatchers involved in the group calls can talk at any moment, while service subscribers have to signal when they wish to talk Dispatcher

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Functional Addressing Functional # CFU MSISDN IMSI

MSISDN

Functional HLR HLRm

GCR GMSC

MSC/VLR

Fixed Network

Controller GSM-R

Controller calling a Functional Number to reach the driver on a specific train number

Functional Addressing allows a user or an application to be reached by means of a number which identifies the relevant function and not the physical terminal The GSM features involved are: àUSSD for Registration, deregistration and interrogation of functional numbers à “Follow Me” for call setup Functional HLR manages the mapping of Functional Number to MSISDN Functional numbers presentation using the end-toend supplementary service UUS1 (user-to-user signaling) 20

Location Dependent Addressing Controller #1

Controller #2

ISDN

Location Dependent Addressing allows the routing of mobile originated calls to the correct controller by evaluating the mobile subscribers actual location at the time.

VLR

AUC

B B S S C C

DMSDMS-MSC

DMSDMS-HLR

2 MSC then routes the

call based on the Cell Identification, to the appropriate controller of that train area

1 Train Driver

originates a call using a specific Short Code

GSM-R

B T S

B T S

Location Dependent Addressing will initially be based on the Cell Specific Routing procedures - Short code triggered Mobile originated calls are routed based on Cell Of Origin, as defined by EIRENE and MORANE. More accurate positioning of the train can be achieved by: àExternal positional device àIN based Location Dependent Addressing 21

Access Matrix Train Controler Train Controler Leading Driver

X

Other Drivers

X

Operations Support

Leading Driver

Other Drivers

X

X X

Operations Support

Train Prep & Supervision Systems

Customer Support Systems

Ticketing

X

X X

X

Train Prep & Supervision Systems Customer Support Systems Ticketing

à Each GSM-R functional call is screened to determine if a connection between the originator’s function and the terminator’s function is allowed according to the defined Access Matrix. à For each originating function, the Access Matrix defines the terminating functions which allow connection. à The originator Class Of Registration is stored in the HLRm function. à The terminator’s Class of Registration (and function) is derived from the Railway Subscriber Number dialed digits

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•• Nortel Nortel Overview Overview •• Introduction Introduction to to GSM-R GSM-R •• Railway Railway Applications Applications •• Network Network Features Features & & Functions Functions •• Vendor’s Vendor’s Solution Solution

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Infrastructure of the network ServiceBuilder IN

OSS

SCE

SCP ServiceBuilder IN

OPTION

VMS

OMC-S

OMC-R

EIR

SMS

VLR

GCR

AUC

HLR

B T S

B B S S C C

General purpose Radio Operational Radio B T S

LAN

Data Server

Data Network

ATC Centers

Other EIRENE system

MSC

B B S S C C

PSTN/ PLMN/ Data Network/ ISDN

B T S

CAB RADIO B T S B T S

PABX Dispatcher centers GSM-R

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BSS impact

RBS RBS to to be be adapted adapted to to support support •• GSM-R GSM-R frequencies frequencies •• ASCI ASCI feature feature

BSC BSC to to be be adapted adapted to to support support ASCI ASCI features features :: •• Group Group call call management management •• New New channels channels management management

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High Speed impacts 500 km/h Legend 1 Antenna corr. = 1 (sep=.01wl) corr. = .9 (sep=.5wl) corr. = .6 (sep=1wl) corr. = .2 (sep=9wl) corr. = .2 (sep=20wl)

1e-1

7 6

RXQUAL

BER

5 4 3

1e-2

2 1 0 1e-3 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

Eb/N0

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

(dB)

Poor & saturated RxQual

RxQual follows signal strenght

High High Speed Speed affects affects signal signal quality quality Vendor’s Vendor’s antidistorsion antidistorsion algorithm algorithm enhances enhances received received signal signal quality quality GSM-R

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High Speed Handover

10 km 500 km/h

1 Handover every 70 s

Handling Handling of of fast fast mobility mobility within within GSM-R GSM-R networks: networks: Early Early Hand-Over Hand-Over Decision Decision Algorithm Algorithm GSM-R

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NSS impact

VLR

GCR

AUC

HLR

DMS-MSC

Service Creation and Management Environment

ServiceBuilderTM Intelligent Network

SCP SCP SCP (CSE) (CSE) (CSE)

GSM-R

SMC SMC SMC

• Group call management • Maximum priority per subscriber (HLR) • New element : Group Call Register (GCR) Contains information on group calls : group ID, a list of dispatchers, Group Call Area (GCA), priority associated to a broadcast call, etc.

IN based sulution to support • • • •

Functional Adressing Location Dependant Adressing Access Matrix Other IN services : VPN, Welcome to this Area, Location Inquiry (for location dependent information alert)

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GSM-R Terminals

Cab Radio

• Track-to-Train radio, ATC, Data • Redundant ATC access (2 ETCS Interfaces) “ • Support of 2 cabs (driver positions) • Driver can use Handheld when leaving cab

Handsets

• General purpose radio • Operational Radio • Shunting

Trackside terminals

Using GALA terminals as trackside emergency phones

Integration of Railway specific features Can use the public GSM network as a fall-back GSM-R

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Cab Radio System (Planned) •• Track-to-Train Track-to-Train radio, radio, ATC, ATC, Data Data Communication Communication (Remote (Remote Train Train Diag.) Diag.) •• Redundant Redundant ATC ATC access access (2 (2 ETCS ETCS Interfaces) Interfaces) •• Support Support of of 22 cabs cabs (driver (driver positions) positions) for for driver driver MMI MMI •• MMI MMI based based on on MORANE/EIRENE MORANE/EIRENE guidelines guidelines •• Driver Driver can can use use Handheld Handheld (HH) (HH) when when leaving leaving cab cab for for train train inspection) inspection) •• Compatibility Compatibility with with existing existing equipment equipment (On-Board (On-Board cabling,..) cabling,..) Portable Cab Radio

MT DV

MT

MT

DV

EMS

Cab #1

HH

Cab #2

HH

DV

RCS

Direction Switch Foreward Direction Switch Backward Parallel I/F Intercom / PA (UIC 568) Fax / Data Modem (RS 422) ETCS #1 ETCS #2

PS1

Portable Cab Radio

PS2

MT HH RCS D V PS. ETCS

Mobile Teminal Handheld Terminal Radio Channel Server Data Voice Power Supply European Train Control System EMS EIRENE Mobile Station

Event Recorder Service Interface

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Capacity and Dimensioning issues MSC Capacity

3Processing Processing and and management management of of group group calls calls 3Priority Priority level level management management 3High High percentage percentage of of IN IN calls calls

BSC Capacity

3Group Group call call management management 3 Load Load depends depends on on Group Group Call Call Area Area size size

New Call Profile

3Long Long Group Group calls calls (shunting) (shunting) and and ATC ATC 3 High High percentage percentage of of data data and and IN IN calls calls 3Mobility Mobility

Air Interface

3 Group Group calls calls :: 11 TCH TCH per per cell cell per per call call 3 NCH NCH :: impact impact on on AGCH AGCH and and PCH PCH capability capability 3 Data Data calls calls

A - Interface

3Group Group Calls Calls 3IN IN calls calls

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Future markets in Europe Sweden 7 000 km

Germany 30 000 km

Benelux 3 000 km

France 13 000 km

Spain

Austria

5 000 km

2 000 km Switzerland

Italy 1 000 km

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Mapping of applications to functions Train Controller calling train driver

Functional addressing, eMLPP

Controller informing group of train or users in its area

Functional addressing, eMLPP Voice Broadcast service

Train driver calling train contoller

Location dependent addressing eMLPP

Driver communicating with other on-train drivers

Multi-party call, eMLPP on-board wired system

Preparation of shunting

Voice Group Call Service, eMLPP (low priority)

Conducting shunting movement

Voice Group Call Service, eMLPP (high priority) link assurance signal

Emergency call (general, shunting,..)

eMLPP with fast call setup, Voice Group Call Service

High priority call; no ressources available in BSS

eMLPP- Resource pre-emption

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