Development of ignorance understanding: The attribution of a false

person) would hold a false belief about the contents of a box whenever the ... what they know to be true (reality bias); the oldest (six-years-old children).
160KB taille 0 téléchargements 315 vues
!

" ! ' &'

! "

# $$%& #

!

!

!

( '

)

'

! '

)

!

!*

! *

( ! '

. !

'

( ' # & ! ( '.

!

(

# ! '

! ! # + + ! &, & ( ' !

' !

!* )

(

! &

#

+ #

! +

# !

& +

+ & ) !

" /

0

1

# $2%& 4

! $$7& " !

! # $$%&

'

#5 '

(

31 5

$$

!

>

$ !

%

% @%

@ '

'

( ( ' ' ( ' !

! )

? 0 @ C? C? C?

'

( ' !*

' #

!* ( ( ''

! A& !

B (

( ( (

' 0

!*

!

+

'

( ''

0 !

!

'

27

! # ! > > ! > >

! &>

! 3

!

&

'

&

6 &

6 !

6

&

6

'

%D + +

%

D +

2%

+

+ E

!

) ! 0

(

? 0 @ C6 C6 C6 C6

B ( '' ( ( ( ( ( (

;

! (. B '

! # ! > > ! > > > (' ' 3 3 5

+ +

!

! &>

8

!

)

!*

! !*

. '

' @

!

&

'

&

6 &

6 !

6

&

6

E

Does the puppet know what is in the box? (3 boxes) Does the puppet know what is in the box? (4 boxes) 100%

100%

80%

80%

60%

60%

no yes

40%

40% 20%

20% 0%

Age

5;6

6

4 ! &

0%

Age 4

6;6

@D F

(

5

6

( ' '

!

#

' D

#

no yes

(

%

( ''

&

! '

# $2%& B

( 5 '

'

8 B

< '

3 >) /

0

!*

1

( E '

' ! >.&

.

.

B !

B ! >.& 5 ! >) " ! .' ! .' 8

. . " • ." ! • .E

5

.

5 . ! 4 .G . • .) . B

#.? #

# $$%& ! ! ' .G ! # &. .H ! ' 4 ' .H !

#.0 .( '. B 0 ' !* ' !* '

( ' &

' ( . . !

+ ! ' !

! ' B (

.H . 8 ( !* 8 8 8 . 4 .G .

#

! & +

!* B !* ! . (

!*

8

) % (* Age 4

Incoherent False Belief Ignorance Reality Bias

5

Incoherent False Belief Ignorance Reality Bias

6

Incoherent False Belief Ignorance Reality Bias

Total

6 ! B

Answer to the THINK Question (Ruffman) Many responses False belief Reality bias 5 1 1 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 24 Total 3 15 28 3 6 4 1 11 2 2 7 6 3 1 29 Total 9 25 41 3 4 2 4 6 18 26 8 9 2 12 Total 34 38 22

Total

Response Pattern

" !

46

78

# $$%&