Y E L L O W E E L

H o m in g a n d r a n g in g c o n c e p t s a r e c o m p a t ib le w it h lo w r e c a p t u r e r a t e o f y e llo w E u r o p e a n e e ls

H O M IN G C a p t u r e -r e c a p t u r e p r o g r a m F ie ld s tu d y : - C a p tu re -re c a p tu re ( S a u c a ts R iv e r , F r a n - 6 fis h in g s ta tio n s , 5 - E le c tr ic fis h in g o n c S u m m e r o f 2 0 0 4 , 2 0 - Y e llo w e e ls ( fr o m 2 ta g g e d w ith p a s s iv e

W

e in v e s c a p tu re life s ty le th a n 5 0

n a 2 0 k m n g in 0 6 e re tra

e a S p in in n s

t ig a te d -re c a p to e x p % ) h a

th e tu re la in s n e

a p p a r s tu d ie th a t m v e r b e

e n t p a s ( O liv o s t e e e n e x p

ra ie ls la

d o x ra , 1 w e r in e d

b e tw 9 9 7 ; e re c . S o m

e e L a a p e

n y ffa tu r a u

e llo w ille e t e d a t th o rs

e e l a l., th e e v o

s e d 2 0 0 o r ig c a te

O n th h a v e o f re c w a s n

lo n g r iv e r

c h r in g a n d e a c h s ta tio n d iv id u a lly p o n d e r ( P it- ta g )

D o rd o g n e

B O R D E A U X

y

S a u c a ts R iv e r 0

G a ro n n e

2 0 K m

M o re w ith in

F ig .1 . L o c a tio n o f S a u c a ts R iv e r , F r a n c e

y

e 2 9 8 p it- ta g g e d e e ls , 5 7 % o f y e llo w e e ls n e v e r b e e n r e c a p t u r e d . In a d d itio n , th e r a te a p tu r e d e c r e a s e d w ith tim e fr o m ta g g in g , a n d o t e x p la in e d b y n a tu r a l m o r ta lity e llo w e e ls m a y a d o p t n o m a d ic life s ty le  th a n 9 9 % o f th e r e c a p tu r e d e e ls w e r e lo c a te d th e o r ig in a l 5 0 m lo n g ta g g in g s ite e llo w e e ls m a y a d o p t s e d e n ta r y life s ty le

H o m e - P la c e h a s th e th e m o

F ig .3 . E le c t r ic fis h in g in th e S a u c a ts R iv e r , F r a n c e .

c o w h s t

tu re h te d e c a p t a l.

r a te o b s e r v e d d u r in g y e llo w e e l s e d e n ta r y tu re ra te (u p to m o re 2 0 0 3 ).

D a te o f re c a p tu r e

N u m b e r o f ta g g e d e e ls 3 6

J u ly –

2 3 1 5 5 3 0 1 7 4 1 3 8 2 1 5 3 –

2 0 0 4 A u g . S e p t. O c t. A p r il M a y 6 3 1 7 6 – 5 3 9 5 – 2 4 4 – 1 0 – 1 2 –

6 8

6

2 1

2 8

2 0 0 5 J u n e J u ly 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 4 – 1 –

6

1 0

T o ta l o f re c a p tu re s 2 0 0 6 A u g . S e p t. M a y J u n e 1 0 1 0 2 6 1 0 3 1 3 1 1 0 0 1 1 5 1 1 1 0 5 1 0 4 4 2 3 0 0 1 1 7 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 2 7 – 0 0 0 0 – 1 0 1 7 2 1 3 1 0 1 1 7

T h e o b s e r v e d p a r a d o x w a s in a g r e e m e n t w ith litte r a tu r e r e v ie w

O

e : r s e d fo r fo o d g a th e r in g ( B u r t, 1 9 4 3 ) w h ic h a n a n im a l tr a v e ls in its d a y - to s (H a y n e , 1 9 4 9 )

b s e r v e d e c o lo g ic a l p a t t e r n

E s tim a tio n o f th e p r o b a b ilit y o f r e c a p tu r e u s in g a g e n e r a liz e d a d d it iv e m o d e l (G A M ) b a s e d o n o u r c a p tu re -re c a p tu re d a ta o n th e S a u c a ts R iv e r , F r a n c e :

R a n g in g = H o m e r a n g e s h ift b y s e e k in g a n e w h o m e c o r e

R e c a p t u r e ~ S ta tio n + M o n th s in c e ta g g in g + T a g g in g d a te + R e c a p tu r e d a te

re : ith in th e h o m e r a n g e w h e r e a n a n im a l ig h e r p r o b a b ility to b e fo u n d ( i.e . a r e a fr e q u e n tly u s e d )

H o m e ra n g e

" H o m in g " a n d " R a n g in g " d e fin itio n s

lo w r e c a p v ie w u n lig r e a s lo w r e u n te u n e

T a b le 1 . N u m b e r o f e e ls r e c a p tu r e d e a c h d a te a c c o r d in g to d a te o f in itia l ta g g in g ( a t o n e o f th e s ix fis h in g s ta tio n s o f th e S a u c a ts R iv e r , F r a n c e )

C o n c e p t d e f in it io n s n g v e e r itie

M o n th o f in itia l ta g g in g

th e re re w h e rs (F

H o w t o e x p la in t h e lo w r e c a p t u r e r a t e o f y e llo w e e ls ?

F ig .2 . P a s s iv e in te g r a te d tr a n s p o n d e r ( P it- ta g )

m e ra re a tra re a o v y a c tiv

a n d ra tu in g , a v io

J u ly A u g . 2 0 0 4 S e p t. O c t. A p r il M a y J u n e 2 0 0 5 J u ly A u g . S e p t. T o ta l o f ta g g e d e e ls

M a in r e s u lts :

G ir o n d e E s tu a ry

G IR O N D E C A T C H M E N T

H o - A - A d a

e n ta r y life s ty le 5 ) . In d e e d , litte in a l s it e o f t a g g d n o m a d ic b e h Y e a r o f in itia l ta g g in g

A T L A N T IC O C E A N

p ro g ra m o c e ) 0 m e te r - lo e a m o n th 0 5 a n d 2 0 4 0 m m ) w in te g r a te d

H é lè n e IM B E R T h e le n e .im b e r t@ c e m a g r e f.fr

H é lè n e IM B E R T , P a tr ic k L A M B E R T a n d C h r is tia n R IG A U D

R a its e x e v h o (C

H o m e c o re

n g in g ta h o m e p lo r a tio n e n tu a lly m e ra n g ro o k , 2 0

k e s a ra n o f th e e o r 0 4 ; D

n o r g a n is m b e g e a n d in v n e w a re a s lo c a tio n o f a p la c e fo r r e s id in g le , 2 0 0 6 )

y o n o lv e a n n e e n c

d w

d

s

P r o b a b ility o f re c a p tu re

T w o fe a tu re s o f th e o b s e rv e d p a tte rn :

e

L o w

H o m in g = S ite fid e lity T h e e x te n t o f d is p la c e m e n ts a r e s m a lle r c o m p a r e to r a n d o m d is p la c e m e n ts ( S p e n c e r , 1 9 9 0 )

0 .8 0 .6

p r o b a b ility o f r e c a p tu r e ( P r )

0 .4 0 .2

P r d e c r e a s e d w it h tim e

O b s e rv e d p a tte rn

0 2

H o m in g : m o v e m e n ts o f a n a n im a l w ith in its h o m e r a n g e

4 6 1 0 1 2 8 M o n th s in c e ta g g in g

P a t t e r n o r ie n t e d m o d e llin g S e d e n ta r y life s ty le

N o m a d ic life s ty le

F is h in g s ite

F is h in g s ite

F is h in g s ite

F is h in g s ite

M o d e l d e s c r ip tio n

P r o b a b ilit y o f re c a p tu re

h o m e r a n g e > f is h in g s it e

P r o b a b ilit y o f re c a p tu re

0 .8

P a tte rn s im u la tio n

0 .6

0 .6

0 .4

0 .4

0

O b s e rv e d p a tte rn 2

L o w

V a lid a tio n : p a tte rn c o m p a tib ility

4

6

P r *

P r d e c re a s e d w ith tim e

* P r : p r o b a b ility o f re c a p tu re

1 0 8

N N

1 2

M o n th s in c e ta g g in g

0 .2 0

0 .6

S im u la t e d p a t t e r n

2

4

L o w

6 8

P r

P r d e c re a s e d w ith tim e

1 0

1 2

M o n th s in c e t a g g in g 0

2

4

6 8

1 0

S im u la t e d p a t t e r n

0 .4 0 .2

O b s e rv e d p a tte rn

L o w

N

0 .6

S im u la t e d p a t t e r n

0 .4 0 .2

O b s e rv e d p a tte rn

M o r ta lity + n o m a d is m

P r o b a b ilit y o f re c a p tu re 0 .8

P r o b a b ilit y o f re c a p tu re 0 .8

0 .8

S im u la t e d p a t t e r n

0 .2

M o r ta lity + h o m in g + r a n g in g

M o r ta lity + h o m in g

M o r ta lity + h o m in g

h o m e r a n g e < f is h in g s it e

1 2

P r

M o n th s in c e ta g g in g 0

O b s e rv e d p a tte rn 2

4

6

L o w

P r d e c re a s e d w ith tim e

8

1 0

P r

N

P r d e c re a s e d w ith tim e

1 2

M o n th s in c e ta g g in g

S e d e n t a r y lif e s t y le is c o m p a t ib le w it h lo w r e c a p t u r e r a t e o f y e llo w e e ls

C h a lle n g e s fo r D ia d r o m o u s F is h e s in a D y n a m ic G lo b a l E n v ir o n m e n t - 1 8 - 2 1 J u n e 2 0 0 7 , H a lifa x

C e m E s tu 5 0 A C o n W e b

a g r a r in v . d ta c t s ite

e f, U n ité E e e c o s y s te e V e rd u n : h e le n e .im : w w w .d ia

P B X m s a n d d ia d r o m o u s fis h r e s e a r c h u n it 3 3 6 1 2 C e s ta s , F R A N C E b e rt@ c e m a g re f.fr d fis h .o r g

A c k n o w le d g m e n ts

W e th fie ld s T h is s P ic tu r

a n k tu d y tu d y e s : H

fo r th . W e w a s . Im

e ir a ls p a b e r

h e lp o th a r tly s t; F ig

P . C a m o in a n d H . I m b e r t - J u n e 2 0 0 7 R . n k u p p u re

le V o s

B a rh , . M a r ie rte d b y : P . C a

C . R o q u e p lo , J . M a s s é ( C e m a g r e f ) a n d a ll t h e p e o p le w h o p a r tic ip a te d t o th e u , M . B e g u e r a n d M . P r o p a t o f o r E n g lis h c o r r e c tio n s a n d c r itic a l c o m m e n ts . r e s e a r c h g r a n ts f r o m t h e F E D E R A q u it a in e a n d fr o m R é g io n A q u ita in e . m o in .

C ite d r e fe r e n c e s : B u rt, W . H . (1 9 4 3 ). T e rrito ria lity a n d h o m e ra n g e c o n c e p ts a s a p p lie d to m a m m a ls . J o u r n a l o f M a m m a lo g y 2 4 , 3 4 6 -3 5 2 . C ro o k , D . A . (2 0 0 4 ). Is th e h o m e ra n g e c o n c e p t c o m p a tib le w ith th e m o v e m e n ts o f tw o s p e c ie s o f lo w la n d riv e r fis h ? J o u r n a l o f A n im a l E c o lo g y 7 3 , 3 5 3 -3 6 6 . D in g le , H . (2 0 0 6 ). A n im a l m ig ra tio n : is th e re a c o m m o n m ig ra to ry s y n d ro m e ? J o u r n a l o f O r n ith o lo g y 1 4 7 , 2 1 2 -2 2 0 . F e u n te u n , E ., L a f f a ille , P ., R o b in e t, T ., B r ia n d , C ., B a is e z , A ., O liv ie r , J . M . a n d A c o u , A . ( 2 0 0 3 ) . A re v ie w o f u p s tre a m m ig ra tio n a n d m o v e m e n ts in in la n d w a te rs b y a n g u illid e e ls . T o w a rd s a g e n e ra l th e o ry . In E e l B io lo g y , e d s . K . A id a K . T s u k a m o to a n d K . Y a m a u c h i), p p . 1 9 1 -2 1 3 . T o k y o : S p rin g e r-V e rla g . H a y n e , D . W . (1 9 4 9 ). C a lc u la tio n o f s iz e o f h o m e ra n g e . J o u r n a l o f M a m m o lo g y 3 0 , 1 -1 8 . L a f f a ille , P ., A c o u , A . a n d G u illo u e t, J . ( 2 0 0 5 ) . T h e y e llo w E u r o p e a n e e l ( A n g u illa a n g u illa L .) m a y a d o p t a s e d e n ta ry life s ty le in in la n d fre s h w a te rs . E c o lo g y o f F r e s h w a te r F is h 1 4 , 1 9 1 -1 9 6 . O liv e ira , K . (1 9 9 7 ). M o v e m e n ts a n d g ro w th ra te s o f y e llo w -p h a s e A m e ric a n e e ls in th e A n n a q u a tu c k e t R iv e r, R h o d e Is la n d . T r a n s a c tio n s o f th e A m e r ic a n F is h e r ie s S o c ie ty 1 2 6 , 6 3 8 -6 4 6 .

A b str a c t: W e in v e s tig a te d if th e h o m e ra n g e c o n c e p t c o u ld b e c o m p a tib le w ith re s u lts o f c a p tu re -re c a p tu re s tu d ie s o n th e y e llo w E u ro p e a n e e l A . a n g u illa . T h u s , w e h a v e d e v e lo p e d a tw o -y e a r m a rk -re c a p tu re p ro g ra m in o rd e r to fo llo w e e l m o v e m e n ts o n a 2 0 k m lo n g riv e r (S a u c a ts R iv e r, F ra n c e ). O f th e 2 9 8 p it-ta g g e d e e ls (> 2 4 0 m m ), w e h a v e o b s e rv e d re c a p tu re ra te s o f 4 3 % . M o re th a n 9 9 % o f th e re c a p tu re d e e ls w e re lo c a te d in th e ir 5 0 m lo n g o rig in a l ta g g in g s ite . In a d d itio n , th e ra te o f re c a p tu re d e c re a s e d a s th e tim e in te rv a l b e tw e e n in itia l ta g g in g a n d re c a p tu re in c re a s e d , a n d w a s n o t e x p la in e d b y n a tu ra l m o rta lity . O u r fin d in g s w e re in a g re e m e n t w ith p re v io u s m a rk -re c a p tu re fie ld d a ta a n a ly s is . W e h a v e h y p o th e s iz e d th a t th e s e re s u lts c a n b e in te r p r e te d a s a c o m b in a tio n o f h o m in g ( i.e . m o v e m e n ts w ith in h o m e r a n g e ) a n d r a n g in g ( i.e . s e e k o f n e w h o m e c o re ) b e h a v io rs . T h e m o d e ls w e h a v e d e v e lo p e d c a n re p ro d u c e th e p a tte rn o b s e rv e d in S a u c a ts R iv e r. W e c o n c lu d e th a t “ h o m in g ” a n d “ ra n g in g ” c o n c e p ts m a y e x p la in th e a p p a re n t p a ra d o x b e tw e e n e e l s e d e n ta ry life s ty le a n d lo w re c a p tu re ra te .