CONTENTS Ⅰ Permanent Magnetic Materials Ⅰ-1 1 Ⅰ- 2 Ⅰ- 3 Ⅰ- 4 Ⅰ- 5 Ⅰ- 6 Ⅰ- 7 Ⅰ-8 8
Types of Permanent Magnets and Their Physical Characteristics HICOREX® ( Sm-Co Rare-Earth ) Magnets HICOREX®-SUPER ( Nd-Fe-BRare-Earth ) Magnets YBM ( Ferrite ) Magnets Anisotropic Ring Magnets Bonded Magnets YCM ( Cast Alnico ) Magnets YHJ ( Rolled ) Magnets
Ⅰ Permanent Magnetic Materials 1 Types of Permanent Magnets and Their Physical Characteristics Ⅰ-1 Hitachi Metals, a comprehensive manufacturer of permanent magnets, offers a full line of magnetic materials from which to choose to meet particular requirements. Some permanent magnets are selected to use the energy they retain, while others are used as hysteretic materials. It is important to choose a material appropriate for its application environment and then to shape it to function properly under its operating conditions.
● Hitachi Metals Permanent Magnets Sm-Co type(1-5、2-17) … HICOREX® Nd-Fe-B type …………… HICOREX®–SUPER Ba type、Sr type ………… YBM Ferrite type ……………… KPM Nd-Fe-B type HB type … HB Alnico magnet ………… YCM Fe-Mn type,Fe-Cr-Co typeYHJ
Rare-earth magnets Ferrite magnets Bonded magnets
Permanent magnets
Cast magnets Rolled magnets
● Distribution of characteristics by magnet type 1.4
14
1.2
12
1.0
10
HICOREX-SUPER HS-47AH HS-42AH HICOREX Sm-Co type HS-35EH (2/17)
Cast magnets YCM-1B
H-23B
YCM-11
H-30SH H-30SH
H-30CH
0.8
Br(kG)
Br(T)
HICROREX
0.6
2/17type Sm-Co
H-18B H-18C (Heat-resistant) HICROREX 1/5 type Sm-Co
8 HB-10I Nd-Fe-B type bonded magnets
6 Ferrite magnets
0.4
4
0.2
2
YBM-6BE KPM-2A Ferrite type bonded magnets
2
4
6
8
10 15 iHc (kOe)
20
160
320
480
640
800 1,200 iHc (kA/m)
1,600
0
25 2,000
30 2,400
● Comparison of physical characteristics of various magnetic materials
Alnico magnet
Temperature coefficient △Br/Br %/℃ -0.02
7.3
60∼75
-
-
Sr-Fe magnet
-0.2
5.0
>1010
-
50
Sm-Co (1-5 type) Sm-Co (2-17 type) R-Co (2-17 type)
-0.04 -0.035 -0.05
8.3 8.5 8.3
50 80 -
600 600 670
150 150 150
Nd-Fe-B
-0.13
7.5
150
600
250
Magnetic material
Rareearth magnet
Density
Electical resistance
Vickers hardness
Bending strength
Thermal expansion
Curie point
g/㎝3
μΩ・㎝
Hv
N/㎜2
10-6/℃
℃
11 〃14∼15 ⊥ 9∼10 6.6 8.0 〃 4.7∼5.4 ⊥-1.1∼-2.0
850
-1-
450 710 770 740 310
MM001A
High Performance Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet by Hitachi Low Oxygen Process (HILOP) Applications ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
Parts for automobile ,EV Servo motor for machinery ,elevator Pick up actuator for CD , DVD Linear motor for semi-conductor production equipment Sensor and others
Features ① Reduction of product size and weight due to high performance magnetic characteristics ② Superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance
Magnetic Characteristics Hitachi code
Br
iHc
(BH)max
kG
T
kOe
kA/m
MGOe
HS-50AH
14.2
1.42
15
1190
48
kJ/m 382
HS-46CH
13.9
1.39
18
1430
46
366
HS-43DH
13.2
1.32
22
1750
41
326
HS-38EH
12.4
1.24
26
2070
37
295
HS-34FH
11.8
1.18
30
2390
33
262
HS-32GH
11.4
1.14
35
2785
31
246
800
1200
1600
iHc
(kA/m) 2000 2400 00 00
3
2800 00 1.4 Br(T)
14 Br(kG)
HILOP 1.2
12
Conventional 1.0
10 10
15
20 iHc
25 (kOe)
30
35
40 Hitachi Metals , Ltd.
MM002A
High Performance Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B Sintered Ring Magnet Contribution to the Improvement of Brush-less Motor's Function Radial anisotropic Multi- pole oriented
Applications
8
8
Bo (kG)
Spindle motor for HDD,FDD Servo motor for robot ,machinery Power steering motor for automobile ,EV Actuators
Bo (kG)
① ② ③ ④
4 0
-4
0
-4
-8
Features
4
-8
0
30
60
90
Angle(DEG.)
0
30
60
90
Angle(DEG.)
① Free multiple magnetization ,skew type magnetization ( Radial anisotropic magnet ) ② Sinely curved distribution of surface flux density ( Multi-pole oriented magnet ) ③ Reduction of motor assembling cost
Magnetic Characteristics Radial anisotropic ring magnet
Sizes
Hitachi code HS-40AR HS-38AR HS-38CR HS-35CR HS-35DR HS-33DR HS-30BR HS-30CR HS-30ER
Br kG 12.9 12.2 12.5 11.9 11.9 11.3 11.6 11.2 10.6
iHc T 1.29 1.22 1.25 1.19 1.19 1.13 1.16 1.12 1.06
Outer dia(Do) (mm) Ratio(Di/Do) (Do -Di)/2 (mm) Axial length (mm) Number of poles
kOe 15 15 18 18 23 23 15 18 28
kA/m 1190 1190 1430 1430 1830 1830 1190 1430 2220
(BH)max. MGOe kJ/m3 40 318 36 286 37 295 34 270 34 270 31 246 32 255 30 239 27 215
Radial anisotropic
Multi-pole oriented
φ15~150 0.75~0.95 1.5~5 ~40
φ5~80 0.4~0.85 1.5~10 ~40 2~24
Arbitrary
Hitachi Metals , Ltd.
MM003A
R
Sm-Co Magnet( HICOREX ) Rare Earth Magnet with Superior Thermal Stability
Applications ① Motor ② Magnetic circuit for sputtering equipment ③ Sensor and others
Features ① Smaller temperature coefficient of induction and coercive force Temp. coefficient of Br : −0.035 % / ℃ Temp. coefficient of iHc: −0.23 % / ℃ ② Superior thermal stability Curie point : over 700℃ ③ Available without surface treatment ( Better corrosion resistance compare with Nd-Fe-B magnet)
Magnetic Characteristics iHc
Br
Hitachi code
(BH)max. 3
kG
T
kOe
kA/m
MGOe
kJ/m
H-22A
8.5∼9.5
0.85∼0.95
15min.
1193min.
18∼22
143∼176
H-30CH
10.4∼11.4
1.04∼1.14
8.5min.
676min.
25∼31
198∼247
Sm2Co17 H-26SV (2-17)
10.2∼11.2
1.02∼1.12
20min.
1591min.
24∼29
190∼231
H-30SH
10.4∼11.4
1.04∼1.14
20min.
1591min.
25∼31
198∼247
SmCo5 (1-5)
Hitachi Metals , Ltd.
MM004A
Sm-Fe-N Bonded Magnet
NEW
Compression Moulded Magnet Applications ① Precision motor、Speaker、Buzzer ② Sensor and others
Features ① Fundamental patents of Hitachi Metals ② Comparison with Nd−Fe−B bonded magnet (1)Larger intrinsic coercive force (2)Smaller temperature coefficient of induction (3)Superior thermal stability (4)Better mechanical strength , size accuracy (5)Superior corrosion resistance
Magnetic Characteristics ① Magnetic properties
② Physical properties
Br
(kG/T)
5.6 / 0.56
Hc
(kOe/ kA/m)
4.9 / 390
iHc
(kOe/kA/m)
10.7 / 852
(BH)max (MGOe/ kJ/m3)
Density (g/cm3) Ring crushing strength (N/mm2) Hardness (Rockwell) Curie point (℃)
7.2 / 57
Temp. coefficient of Br(%/℃)
-0.07
Temp. coefficient of iHc (%/℃)
-0.42
5.8 90 70 498
③ Thermal stabilities Irreversible flux loss after 100℃ heated (%) Mass change after corrosion test (%) Irreversible flux loss after 60℃ heated (%)
-2.3
500Hrs, Pc=2
+0.23
PCT 100℃ x 24Hrs、Pc=2
-0.1
60℃ x 95 % RH x 500Hrs、Pc=2
Hitachi Metals , Ltd.
MM005A
La ,Co Substituted Strontium Ferrite Magnet NEW
YBM-9B YBM 9B Series
Applications ① Starter、power steering ,ABS for auto mobile ② Air conditioner , refrigerator compressor motor , washing machine for home appliances
Features ① Excellent high Br ,high iHc ② Smaller ( 60∼70 % ) temperature coefficient of iHc compare with conventional materials ③ Reduction of magnet volume
Magnetic Characteristics Residual induction ( Br )
Hitachi code
CGS (G)
Intrinsic coercive force ( iHc )
SI(mT)
CGS (Oe))
SI(kA/m)
YBM−9BD 4,400∼4,600 440∼460
3,200∼3,800
254∼303
YBM−9BE 4,300∼4,500 430∼450
4,300∼4,700
342∼374
YBM−9BF 4,200∼4,400 420∼440
4,800∼5,200
381∼414
460
YBM−9B Series
450 440
7BB 9BD 7BD 5BB 6BB 6BD 2B 5BD
430 420 410 400
9BE
380
9BF
7BE 7BF 6BE
5BE
390
Thermal coefficient β(%/K)
Induction (mT)
( x10G )
470
6BF 5BF
370 360 350 340 330 150
200
250
300
350
400
iHc (kA/m) (x4π Oe)
450
0.6
YBM−5B、6B Series Sr Ferrite Magnet
0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
YBM−9B Series La-Co Substituted Magnet
0.0 0 80 160 240 320 400 iHc (kA/m) (x4π Oe)
480
560
Hitachi Metals , Ltd.
MM006A
Wide Angled Arc Segment Ferrite Magnet Superior Magnet for Low Noise Motor Applications ① Wiper motor for automobile ② Throttle valve control motor ③ ABS motor
Features ① Effective noise reduction with low cogging torque ② Reduction of product size and weight because of high performance magnetic characteristics
Magnetic Characteristics
A. conventional (Y BM-5B E)
B. radial ring
C. wide angle (180°)
(YBM -4B)
(YBM-5BE)
Relation between magnetic flux and length 0.70
C . wide angle (180°) 0.65
Φg B.radial ring
0.60 0.59
0.55
(mWb)
Comparison in the same magnetic flux magnet mass noise magnet ratio (%) reduction A. 100 × B. 147 ○ C. 106 ○
5
A. conventional (130°)
(x10 Mx)
performance ○ × ○
0.50 187
135
124
magnet mass W (gr/set)
0.45 34
36
38
40
42
44
46
magnet length L(mm)
Hitachi Metals , Ltd.
MM007A
Two Poles Ferrite Ring Magnet Cylindrical Magnet for Small Motor Applications ① Rotor for pumping motor (Discharge 、aqua 、dish washer 、water circulation etc )
Features ① Cylindrical magnet with small dia. To large dia. ( φ8 ∼ φ33 mm) ② Larger axial length ( ∼ L70 mm )
Sizes (unit:mm)
Outer dia.
Inner dia.
Axial length
φ 8∼φ14
φ 3∼φ 5
≦ 40
φ15∼φ21
φ 5∼φ 7
≦ 50
φ22∼φ28
φ 7∼φ10
≦ 60
φ29∼φ33
φ10∼φ14
≦ 70
Two poles ferrite ring magnet
Hitachi Metals , Ltd.
Magnetic Materials Div.
®
Ⅰ- 2 HICOREX (Sm-Co Rare-Earth) Magnets ● Magnetic characteristics of HICOREX Sm-Co (1-5 type 、 2-17 type)
2.0
3.0
2.5
4.0
12 10
800
0.8
8 6
7
1.0
H-23CV H-20SV H-22A H-18B
0.5
10
1.2
H-30CH
9
8
6
5
4
700
600 500 400 300 200 100 DEMAGNETIZING FORCE -H(kA/m)
3 2 -H(kOe)
1
INDUCTION B (T)
PERMEANCE COEFFICIENT 1.5 P=B/H 1.0
B(kG)
ICOREX is a rare-earth magnet which is relatively stable amid changes in temperature. Its high energy product and excellent coercive force make it possible to design compact, efficient machines and components. As HICOREX is manufactured by powder metallurgy, careful consideration should be given to its shape and properties.
0.6
4
0.4
2
0.2 0
0 0 0
R-Co (2-17 type) 2.5
3.0 4.0
12
2.0
10
1.0
8
0.8
0.5
Ⅰ- 3 HICOREX®-SUPER (Nd-Fe-BRare-Earth) Magnets
10 800
9 700
8
7
6
5
3 2 4 -H(kOe)
1
600 500 400 300 200 100 DEMAGNETIZING FORCE -H(kA/m)
4
0.4
2
0.2
0 0
0
0
● Magnetic characteristics of HICOREX-SUPER
PERMEANCE COEFFICIENT P=B/H
2
2.5
5
3
8
8
7
6
5
4 3 2 1 -H(kOe) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 DEMAGNETIZING FORCE -H(Ka/m)
1.4
HS-35BH
HS-30CH HS-27CV
0.5
9
HS-47AH
12 1.2 HS-30BV 10
1.5
1
12 11 10
14
1.0 0.8
6
0.6
4
0.4
2
0.2
0
0
0 0
INDUCTION B (T)
4
-2-
0.6
B(kG)
Hitachi Metals HICOREX-SUPER magnets are highperformance Nd-Fe-B rare-earth magnets with magnetic characteristics superior to those of Sm-Co HICOREX magnets. They are easy to use and contribute significantly to the reduction of product weight and size. The magnetic flux variation of Nd-Fe-B rare-earth magnets in the service temperature environment is smaller than that of ferrite magnets but larger than that of Sm-Co magnets. Also, they suffer heavy demagnetization, especially at high temperatures. For these reasons, it is important to select a magnetic material with properties suited to meet the specific service conditions.
B(kG)
H-23EH H-23EV H-21EV
6
Magnetic Materials Div.
1.2
H-25EH
INDUCTION B (T)
PERMEANCE COEFFICIENT 1.5 P=B/H 1.0
Magnetic Materials Div.
Ⅰ- 4 YBM (Ferrite) Magnets Ferrite magnets are made from oxide materials by powder metallurgy. These magnets feature a high coercive force despite their somewhat low residual magnetic flux density. This quality, together with their low recoil permeability, means they are not affected easily by the presence of demagnetizing fields. in addition, their low specific gravity contributes to reducing product weight. Notes: 1. As these magnets are made by powder metallurgy, careful consideration should be given to shape to make economical use of them. Magnetic characteristics are sensitive to temperature changes. This should be fully considered regarding the intended application.
● Positioning of Hitachi Metals ferrite magnets
0.44
4.4
0.42
4.2
0.40
Br(kG)
RESIDUAL FLUX DENSITY Br (T)
Hitachi Metals offers ferrite magnets with a broad range of magnetic characteristics. Especially at the high end of the performance spectrum, a number of series are available to meet specific needs. Based on the iHc and Br characteristics, they are correlated as shown below. Ferrite magnets may be customized upon request, within the indicated range of iHc and Br characteristics. Your inquiries are welcome. YBM-6BB
YBM-6BE
YBM-2BB 4.0
YBM-5BD
3.8
0.36
3.6
YBM-6BF
YBM-5BE
YBM-1B
YBM-2B YBM-2BD
YBM-1BB 0.38
YBM-6BD
YBM-5BB
YBM-2BA
YBM-5BF
YBM-2BE
YBM-2BC
YBM-2BF
YBM-2C 0.34
3.4
0.32
3.2 1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4 lHc
100
150
200
250
300
4.5
5.5
(kOe) 350
DEMAGNETIZING FORCE lHc (kA/m)
-3-
5
400
450
Ⅰ- 5 Anisotropic Ring Magnets Anisotropic ring versions of ferrite and Nd-Fe-B rare-earth magnets are available. They will contribute notably to motor downsizing, weight reduction and performance enhancement. They are the optimum choice for use in various types of actuators and high-performance control motors.
● Materials for anisotropic ring magnets Ferrite magnets Nd-Fe-B magnets Isotropic
YBM-3
Radial anisotropic
YBM-4A YBM-4B
HS-30BR HS-30CR
Polar anisotropic
YBM-4E YBM-4F
HS-30BM HS-30CM
● Magnetic characteristics ( typical values ) Hitachi code YBM-4A YBM-4B YBM-4E YBM-4F HS-30BR HS-30CR HS-30BM HS-30CM
Unit CGS SI CGS SI CGS SI CGS SI CGS SI CGS SI CGS SI CGS SI
Br(G) [mT] 2600 260 3000 300 3400 340 3400 340 11600 1160 11200 1120 11600 1160 11200 1120
Hc(Oe) [KA/m] 2000 160 2400 190 2400 190 2400 190 11000 880 10700 850 11000 880 10700 850
-4-
iHc(Oe) [KA/m] 3000 240 3000 240 3200 255 3200 255 15000 1190 19000 1510 15000 1190 19000 1510
(BH)max(MGOe) 3
[KJ/m ] 1.4 1.1 1.9 15 2.4 19 2.4 19 32 255 30 239 32 255 30 239
Material Ferrite radial dry molding Ferrite radial dry molding Ferrite polar anisotropic wet molding Ferrite polar anisotropic wet molding Nd-Fe-B radial Nd-Fe-B radial Nd-Fe-B-radial anisotropic Nd-Fe-B-radial anisotropic
Magnetic Materials Div.
Ⅰ- 6 Bonded Magnets A Ferrite bonded magnets Ferrite bonded magnets are made by forming ferrite magnet powder mixed with plastic materials. Nylon resins are used for injection molding, so the magnets are thin and finished to a high standard of dimensional accuracy. They can be formed in intricate shapes. ● Standard rating characteristics Hitachi code KPM-3 KPM-2A
Residual flux density Br kG T 1.2∼1.6 0.12∼0.16 2.4∼2.8 0.24∼0.28
Coercive force BHC
kOe 1.0∼1.4 1.9∼2.4
Maximum energy product (BH)max. kA/m MG・Oe kJ/m3 190.9∼278.6 0.3∼0.5 2.3∼4.0 198.9∼254.7 1.2∼1.7 9.5∼13.6
IHC
kA/m 79.5∼111.5 151.0∼191.0
kOe 2.4∼3.5 2.5∼3.2
B Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets Nd-Fe-B rare-earth magnet powder is mixed with epoxy resins and formed. As their energy product is greater than that of ferrite bonded magnets, these magnets are useful in downsizing products. Bonded magnet materials Ferrite type Isotropic
KPM-3
Radial anisotropic
KPM-2A
Polar anisotropic
KPM-2A
Nd-Fe-B type HB-06I HB-08I HB-10I
● Standard rating characteristics of Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets Hitachi code HB-06I HB-08I HB-10I HB-11I HB-12I HR-08I
Residual flux density Br kG T 5.7 0.57 6.6 0.66 7.1 0.71 7.1 0.71 7.5 0.75 6.2 0.62
Coercive force BH C
kOe 4.6 5.2 5.2 5.8 5.8 5.2
IHC
kA/m 366 413 413 462 462 413
-5-
kOe 9.0 9.0 9.2 9.7 9.7 12.5
kA/m 716 716 756 772 772 995
Maximum energy product (BH)max. MG・Oe kJ/m 3 6.4 51 8.5 67 10 79 11 88 12 96 8 64
Magnetic Materials Div.
Ⅰ- 7 YCM(Cast Alnico)Magnets YCM magnets have a high magnetic flux density and can be used in a very stable state over a wide range of temperature changes. In particular, the YCM-8 type, with a high coercive force, and the YCM-9 and YCM -11 types, with large energy products, contribute to the further sophistication of magnetic circuits. ●Featuring high hardness, these magnets are finished primarily by grinding. ●While their temperature coefficients are low, they can be used at relatively high temperatures without a large irreversible loss of magnetism. Magnetic circuits can be designed that make the most of magnetic materials. The especially high energy materials used will realize very compact magnetic circuits. ●Magnet characteristics can be effectively used through magnetization after mounting in magnetic circuits. ● Typical magnetic characteristics
PERMEANCE COEFFICIENT P=B/H 10
14 13 12 11
20 22.5 25 30 40 50 70 17.5 ENERGY PRODUCT(BH)(MG・ Oe) 15 10 8 6 4 2 14
1.4
12
1.2
10
1.0
HI-MAG
9 YCM-1B
8
YCM-9B
5
YCM-2B 8
4 3
0.8
6
0.6
4
0.4
2
0.2
YCM-4D 2 YCM-8C
YCM-8E
YCM-4B
1
2,000 1,800 160
1,600 1,400
140
INDUCTION B(T)
YCM-11
B(kG)
7 6
120
1,200 1,000 100
80
800 60
600 -H(Oe) 40
400
200 20
0
0
0
DEMAGNETIZING FORCE -H(kA/m)
● Temperature coefficient table Hitachi code YCM-1B YCM-2B YCM-8B YCM-9B YCM-11
Temperature coefficient(%/℃) -0.016∼-0.022 -0.02∼-0.03 -0.005∼-0.01 -0.01∼-0.02
● Physical properties Curie temperature ℃ Maximum temperature permissible ℃ Specific resistance μΩ・㎝ Density g/㎝3 Hardness HRc -6 Thermal expansion coefficient α×10 /℃
-6-
850∼890 550 50∼75 ≒7.3 45∼60 11∼13.5
Specialty Steel Div.
● Physical properties of YHJ (rolled) magnets
8YHJ (Rolled) Magnets Ⅰ-8 These magnets can be formed into wire rod. sheet and other shapes difficult for conventional magnets. They are easy to punch, draw curl, and so on… and are classified as semi-hard Fe Mn magnets and permanent Fe-Cr-Co magnets. The former are mainly used as hysteretic materials and the latter in measuring instruments.
Material Fe-Mn type Item Curie temperature ℃ 635∼665 Resistivity cm μΩ・㎝ 70∼80 270∼480 Vickers Before heat treatmen hardness After heat treatment 580∼600 7.7∼7.8 Density g/㎝ Temperature coefficient %/℃ -0.02
YHJ-30-10(Anisotropic)
13
1.3
12
1.2
10
1.0
8 YHJ-32-14(Isotropic)
B(kG)
YHJ-3A 0.8
600
400
500
YHJ-5 YHJ-2
YHJ-25-8 (Isotropic)
YHJ-30-10(Isotropic)
YHJ-3B
300
200 -H(Oe)
100
30 20 10 40 DEMAGNETIZING FORCE -H(kA/m)
50
6
0.6
4
0.4
2
0.2
0
0
INDUCTION B(T)
● Magnetic characteristics of YHJ (rolled) magnets
0
● Standard rating characteristics Residual flux density Br kG T
Oe
kA/m
YHJ-2
6.0∼12.5 0.60∼1.25
50∼150
3.9∼12.0
YHJ-3A
8.0∼11.5 0.80∼1.15 140∼170 11.1∼13.6
YHJ-5
8.0∼10.0 0.80∼1.00 100∼140
YHJ-3B
8.0∼9.0
0.80∼0.90 130∼160 10.3∼12.8
YHJ-25-8
8.5∼9.5
0.85∼0.95 280∼340 22.2∼27.1
YHJ-30-10
8.0∼10.0 0.80∼1.00 350∼460 27.9∼36.7
Anisotropic YHJ-30-10
11.5∼12.5 1.15∼1.25 500∼650 39.7∼51.8
Material
Fe-Mn
Working hardening type Age hardening type Isotropic
Fe-Cr-Co Isotrpic
Hitachi code
YHJ-32-14
Coercive force BHc
7.9∼11.2
7.0∼10.0 0.70∼1.00 400∼660 31.9∼52.6 -7-
Fe-Cr-Co type 650 70∼80 230 300∼400 7.6 -0.01∼-0.03