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܎ÝkåèÚ]èçðuãOãxç¶ßwèæYÝ ß¸íoðoðGãpßYݑÞÛYãïuÝgèÛڎãxæ¸ù èçÞoÝ@ðoÛ¸Ü Y = 2.12 ùÌäŒãxæ۸܎ÝwÞoàâßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝ Q = 14 ù ß û
܎ݑßYÝۇê ã à¶ÞoÝ@ÚOÛ¸à¶åèçiåèÚ]èçðGã-ãxç¶ß èæYÝàâÚOÛYÝ@æYå‘ãxÚoڎݑå@ÛYݑÞ)êàâÛ¸Ü èVá-èÛYÝpéãä°êà¶Þ`Û¸Ü ù»é Þ`à¶ßYåYÜuèæ¸áÝ+å‘ãO)Ý  å@à¶Ý@Ú-Û C = 0.82 éZá-èÛYÝ+ãxðGÝ@ÚoàâÚoá W = 0.654 ù»û
Üoà¶ßç¶ÝèxÞoßÛYãÆL ۸܎=ÝÀäŒ10.18 ãxçâç¶ãêàâÚoá çâàâڎÝèæ¸1à ³ݑ޻á-èÛYÝ*å‘ã-)Ý  å@à¶Ý@ÚOÛY%ß ™ k = 22.12 ù ß é k = 26.74 ù ß èÚŽÞ k = 35.41 ù ß û
܎Ýi߸àâùlíoç>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ.àâÚøOÙ œaà¶ßÞoãxڎÝêàâÛ¸Üè Û¸àâù.Ýi߸ÛYÝ@ð.ãä ßé-è ߸ð]èÛ¸à>èç]ßJèùðoçâàâÚoágãä ù»éêÜoà¶åJÜlç¶ÝèxÞoߐÛYã #è œãxíoæJèÚO۝Ú-íoùlïuÝ@æå@ç¶ãpßYÝ0ÛYã°ãxڎÝp;û
Üoà¶ß∆tÝ@ڎ=߸ío60æYݑßè°å‘ãxæ¸æYݑå@۝߸àâùlíoç>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚkãäuãp∆xßYå@àâçâ=ç>èÛ¸200 àâÚoá êè‘î-ݑßû 3 −1

g

d

2 −1

u

2 −1

d

2 −1

w

Ô;¸¹ Õ¬½Ñn¿6ˍ¼l EÍ°À²Á©Á©Â¾Ã3č½ÅƼ]æY߸ÛÝ@îpèçâí]èÛYÝ Û¸ÜŽÝ Þ`à¶ßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝ*èðoðoæYã%Œ`àâù èÛ¸à¶ãxڎßêàâÛ¸ÜÛ¸ÜŽÝ Û¸ÜoæYݑÝZù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞoß äŒãxæièl߸ÛYÝ@ðá-èÛYÝwãxðGÝ@ÚoàâÚoá ãä`— û — ¶ ù»û ß8Þ+á3Þ+á ölä%íä(é@çîïå¾ä(ë è8ð ]ˆ ãxç®ç¶ãêàâÚoáÒµu û4ò@O˜ þAé۸܎ÝV߸ÛJèÛ¸à¶å»ù.Ý@۸܎ã-Þ ápà®î-ݑßèÚ Ý@߸ÛYà®ù èÛJÝVãä ÛY܎ݻÞ`à¶ßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝVÞoÝ@îOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ Ý -í]èç°ÛYã 

qsnl = 3.60

ù ß àâڻ۸܎ÝwڎãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæ°åèxßYÝpé]èÚŽÞ 3 −1

ß8Þ+á3ÞQÝ ý…ë íeæíeçMä%å6æné@ò ä(é@çîïå¾ä(ë è8ð

qsl = 3.54

ù ß àâÚ۸܎ÝwçâàâڎÝèæ°åèxßYÝpû 3 −1

ˆ]ãxæ۸܎ÝiåJÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶å‘ß0ù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞ5é-êÝiÜ]è‘î-ÝÛ¸ÜŽÝ äŒãxçâç¶ãêàâÚoágîpèçâíŽÝ‘ßäŒãxæ۸܎Ýî-Ý@ç¶ã-å@àâÛ¸à¶Ý‘ßé-۸܎Ýiå‘Ý@ç¶Ý@æ¸àâÛ¸à¶Ý‘ß èÚŽÞ ¸Û ܎ÝwÛYãxð»êà¶Þ`ÛY܎߰ãäÝèxåJÜ»ðGã-ãxç™ V = V = 0.74 ù.ß é C = C = 3.82 ù.ß èÚŽÞ T = T = 12.76 ù»û/
܎Ýgڎãxڎç®àâڎÝèæ*åJÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶å‘ß ù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞ²µuû.òvúpþiðoæYãîOà¶ÞoÝ‘ß Û¸ÜŽÝ*äŒãxçâç¶ãêàâÚoáݑ߸۸àâù èÛYÝkãäÞ`à¶ßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝ ÞoÝ@îOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ ù ß éuèڎÞ۸܎Ý*çâàâڎÝèæZåJÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶å‘ß°ù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞVã䍵uû òŒõþ ápàâîÝ‘ß q = 1.559 ù ß û q = 1.488 1

3 −1

−1

2

1

2

3 −1

nl c

−1

1

2 l c

ß8Þ+á3Þàß ùÐõ ã í Èé@çÿîïå¾ä(ë è8ð 

ûZ߸àâÚoá۸܎ÝåèÚ]èç¶ß*ð]èæJèù.Ý@ÛYÝ@æYßéd۸܎ÝÙ‘"•aù.ãOÞoÝ@çð]èæJèù.Ý@ÛYÝ@æYßlèæYÝápàâîÝ@Ú+ïOñ a1 = 0.022 ߸ù −2 é b1 = ù é ߸ù é ù û 3.22 × 10−5 −2 a2 = 0.017 ]ˆ ãxçâç¶ãêàâÚoá/µO ßûò¦ô%“(]Ó ôúpþ;۸܎Ý0ð]è−2æJèù.b2Ý@ÛY=Ý@æYßd1.89 äŒãxæ×۸܎Ý10çâàâ−5ڎÝèæ−2Þ`ñOÚ]èùà¶å0ù.Ý@۸܎ã-ÞèæYÝ0ápàâîÝ@Úlï-ñ a = 1.936 èÚŽÞ ß û#
܎ÝlÞ`à¶ßYåYÜuèæ¸áÝlÞoÝ@îOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ äŒãxæ°Û¸ÜŽÝgçâàâڎÝèæwÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶ågù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞ àâßZ۸܎Ý@Ú ápàâî-Ý@Ú ïOñеbu ûi=ò¦ô1.2üþAû × 10−3 −1 ]ˆ ãxæÛ¸ÜŽÝ ÚŽãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæ°Þ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åwù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞ5éoêÝwåJ܎ã-ãpßYÝgèlÛ¸àâù.Ý àâÚOÛYÝ@æ¸îpèç;ãä Ts = 1 Ü;éŽèڎÞêÝwå‘ãxùðoíoÛYÝ Û¸ÜŽÝê èÛYÝ@æ0ç¶Ý@îÝ@ç¶ßގÝAîOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxڎß0ðoæYݑÞ`à¶å@ÛYݑÞ.ï-ñl۸܎ÝçâàâڎÝèæ0ù.ã-ÞoÝ@ç™ y1(Ts) = −0.06 ù èÚŽÞ s) = 0.038 ù»û
܎ÝwڎÝ@ê2çâàâڎÝèæ¸à1³ ݑ޻á-èÛYÝ*å‘ãOÝ5 å@à¶Ý@ÚOÛYß èæYÝw۸܎Ý@Ú»ápàâîÝ@Ú»ïOñ ku = 53.17 ù 2 ß −1 é kd =y2(T56.54 ù 2 ß −1 èÚŽÞ kw = 20.45 ù 2 ß −1 ûN
Üoà¶ßiç¶Ý‘èxގßÛYã aT = 3.119 èÚŽÞ bT = 2.8 × 10−3 ß −1 û
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܎Ý*ãpßYå@àâçâç>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚVãxïŽßYÝ@æ¸î-Ý@ÞVèÛ۸܎ÝwïuÝ@ápàâÚoÚoàâÚoáãäÛ¸ÜŽÝw߸àâùgíŽç¶èÛYàâãxÚVà¶ßÞ`í]Ý ÛYãk۸܎ÝwæYÝ)]u ݑå@Û¸à¶ãxÚVãäðoæYãxð`ë èá-èÛ¸àâÚoá ê èîݑßgãxÚa۸܎Ý.ïGãxíoڎގèæ¸ñå‘ãxڎÞ`àâÛ¸à¶ãxڎßûهڎÞoݑݑÞ5éÛ¸Üoà¶ßgåèÚ]èç0à¶ß*æJèÛ¸Ü]ÝAæ'uu èÛéèڎÞðoæYݑßYÝ@ÚOÛYßkèÚ ãpßYå@àâçâç>èÛYãxæ¸ñïuÝ@Ü]èîOà¶ãxæiàâÚ»ÜoàâápÜäPæYÝ - íŽÝ@ڎå@à¶Ý‘ßlò+5’ àâÛ¸æ¸à¶å‘ãèڎÞ-oˆ æYãxùà¶ãxÚ;é3–M—M—-˜ èþAû s





s

ü

Discharge deviations

4

linear nonlinear

3.5 static approx.

3

3

discharge (m /s)

2.5 characteristic approx.

2

1.5 1 dynamic approx. 0.5 0

−0.5 0

SIC

ˆàâápíoæY݃–™Š
àâù.Ýgîpèæ¸à>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ

20

40

60 Time (min)

80

100

120

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܎ݰ߸ÛJèÛ¸à¶å èڎÞ.۸܎ÝZåYÜ]èæAèxåAÛJÝAæYàâ߸ÛYàâå‘ß èðoðoæYã%Œ`àâù èÛ¸à¶ãxÚŽß ç¶ÝèxÞ)ÛYãå‘ãxڎ߸ÛJèÚOÛ îpèç®í]Ý@ß.êÜ]èÛYÝ@î-Ý@æ ۸܎ݻ߸1à ³Ý»ãä ۸܎ݻßJèùðoçâàâÚoáaðGÝ@æ¸à¶ã-Þ5é êÜoàâç¶ÝÛ¸ÜŽÝ Þ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åÀèðoðoæYã%Œ`àâù èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ³ç¶ÝèxÞoßÛYãÆè+ç>èæ¸áÝ@æá-èÛYÝ ãxðuÝ@ÚoàâÚoá)ÞoÝ@îOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ ê܎Ý@ڳ۸܎ÝVßJèùðoçâàâÚoáÆðuÝ@æ¸à¶ãOÞ àâڎå@æYÝèxßYݑßû;
܎Ý@æYÝAäŒãxæYÝpéOãxڎݰ߸܎ãxíoç¶ÞðoæYÝAäŒÝ@æJèïoçâñíŽßYÝ Û¸ÜŽÝ°Þ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞäŒãxæç>èæ¸áÝißJèùðoçâàâÚoágðGÝ@æ¸à¶ã-Þoßé àâÚ»ãxæYÞoÝ@æ°ÛYãÞoÝ@çâàâîÝ@æi۸܎ÝwðoæYãxðGÝ@æiîãxçâíoù.Ýpû ÿaݝڎãêaå‘ãxùð]èæYÝ۸܎ÝÛ¸ÜoæYݑÝù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞoß5äŒãxædÞ`à¶ßYåYÜ]èæ¸áÝ á-èÛYÝãxðGÝ@ÚoàâÚoáZå‘ãxÚ-î-Ý@æY߸à¶ãxÚ;%é ŽæY߸Û;àâÚg߸àâùlíoç>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ íŽß¸àâÚoá»øOÙ œ2ßYãäPۈê èæYÝpéGßYݑå‘ãxÚŽÞ êàâÛ¸Üè.æYÝèç®ëvçâà®äŒÝl)Ý Œ`ðGÝ@æ¸àâù.Ý@Ú-Û*ãxÚ+è.á-èÛYÝkãäÛ¸ÜŽÝ › àâápÚ]èxkå œ èÚ]èçvéuç¶ãOåèÛYÝ‘Þ àâÚ۸܎ÝløOãxíoÛ¸ÜVãNä ˆŽæJèڎå‘ÝpéŽå@ç¶ãpßYÝ ÛYã.ó ãxÚ-Û¸ðGÝ@çâçâà¶Ý@æû w5Ø ¢ …Ö ¯¡ ÒuØYÔiÑ ï¥ ]…Ö ¯¦Ò
܎Ý*߸àâùgíoç>èÛ¸à¶ãxڎßZèæYÝ*ÞoãxڎÝ*ãxڻ۸܎ÝwßJèù.Ý*߸ñ`߸ÛYÝ@ùÌêàâÛ¸Üۈê ãkà¶ÞoÝ@ÚOÛ¸à¶åèç;ðGã-ãxç¶ßiðoæYݑßYÝ@Ú-ÛJÝ@Þ èïuãîÝpû ÿaÝlÝ@îpèçâí]èÛYÝl۸܎ÝkèïoàâçâàâۈñVãä0۸܎ÝlÛ¸ÜoæYݑÝgù.Ý@Û¸Ü]ã-Þoß ÛYã.äŒãxçâç¶ãê4è ßYÝ@Û¦ëvðGãxàâÚ-Û îpèæ¸à>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ;/û
܎ÝlæY Ý -íoàâæYÝ‘Þ ßYÝ@Û¦ëvðuãxàâÚOÛià¶ß°è߸ÛYÝ@ðàâڎå@æYÝèxßYÝ*à®ÚVÞ`à¶ßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝ*ÞoÝ@îOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚVãä —`û ökù ß Þ`íoæ¸àâÚoÐá –l܎ãxíoæYߍû
܎Ý*߸àâùlíoç>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ ô%– s

wcv wdv

s

3 −1

s

6

10



7





3 −1

gate opening deviations

0.25

linear nonlinear

gate opening deviation (m)

0.2

0.15

dynamic

0.1 characteristic

0.05 static

0 0

10

20

30 40 Sampling period T (min)

50

60

s

ˆàâápíoæYÿÝ ˜T™ › èÛYÝ»ãxðuÝ@ÚoàâÚoáMÞoÝ@îOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxڎß.ÛYãÞoÝ@çâàâî-Ý@æVôù ß Æ û œãxùð]èæ¸à¶ßYãxÚ ãä çâàâڎÝèæèڎÞ)ڎãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæ î-ÝAæJ߸àâãxÚ]ßiãäÞoñOÚ]èùà¶åxé]åYÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶ålèڎ޻߸ÛJèÛ¸à¶ågèðoðoæY㠌`àâù è¸Û à¶ãxڎßiäŒãxæîpèæ¸à¶ãxíŽßißJèùðoçâàâÚoá ðuÝ@æ¸à¶ãOÞoß T û 3 −1

s

Û¸àâù.Ý ß¸ÛYÝ@ðà¶ßÝ^-íuèçGÛYビM—kßYÝ@å‘ãxڎގßàâÚãxæYÞoÝ@æÛYãèxå‘å@íoæJèÛYÝ@çâñæYÝ@ðoæYݑßYÝ@Ú-Û۸܎Ýiu]ãêÁÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶å‘ßièÛ Û¸ÜŽÝZá-èÛYÝpé èڎÞÛ¸ÜŽÝ ÛJãxÛJèç;߸àâùlíoç>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ»Û¸àâù.Ýwà¶ßi Ý -í]èç;ÛYã%ô —kÜ;û ÿaÝ*å‘ãxùð]èæYÝl۸܎Ý*Û¸ÜoæYݑÝ*ù.Ý@Û¸Ü]ã-Þoßò>äŒãxæ°ïuãxÛ¸Ü çâàâڎÝèæ èڎÞVڎãxÚ`ëvçâàâڎÝèæ åèxßYÝþäŒãxæZÞ`à ´5Ý@æYÝ@ÚOÛ°îpèçâíŽÝ‘ßZãä ۸܎ÝlßJèùðoçâàâÚoáðuÝ@æ¸à¶ãOÞ T ™ T = 10 lé –M—`é ¶ —`éGèڎ²Þ “M—ùàâÚOíoÛYݑßiû
܎ÝgðuÝ@æ¦äŒãxæ¸ù èڎå‘Ýkãä0ÝèxåYÜ ù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞVà¶ß Ý@îpèçâí]èÛYݑÞVï-ñå‘ãxùðoíŽÛ¸àâÚoá۸܎Ý*æYÝ@ç>èÛ¸àâîÝlÝ@æ¸æYãxæZãä۸܎ÝgÞoÝ@çâàâî-Ý@æYݑ޻î-ãxçâíoù.Ýlèxß°Þo)Ý ŽÚŽÝ‘ÞVàâ±Ú µuûwò –põþAjû
ÜŽÝ æYݑ߸íoçâÛYß°èæYÝwápàâîÝ@Ú»àâÚÛJèïŽçâÝ ôpû
èïoç¶ÝMô ™>óÝ@æYå‘ÝAÚOÛJèáÝÝ@æ¸æYãxæwãä0ÞoÝ@çâàâî-Ý@æYÝ‘Þ îãxçâíoù.ÝgäŒãxæ°Û¸ÜŽÝkßYÝ@Û¦ëvðuãxàâÚOÛZäŒãxçâç¶ãêàâÚoáßYå‘Ý@Ú]èæ¸à¶ã äŒãxæZÞoà ´;ÝAæJÝAÚOÛ îpèçâíŽÝ‘ßiãäÛ¸ÜŽÝ*ßJèùðoçâàâÚoá.Û¸àâù.Ý T ù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞ î-Ý@æY߸à¶ãxÚ T = 10 ùà®Ú T = 20 ùàâÚ T = 30 ùàâÚ T = 60 ùàâÚ ß¸ÛJèÛ¸à¶å çâàâڎÝèæ ˜-ü`ûâô “ ¶ û— nú —`û õ ü ¶ ûö ڎãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæ Mö —`ûâô “˜Žû ö nú –`û — ü ˜Žû — åJÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶å‘ß çâàâڎÝèæ –˜Žû ü ˜OúOû – “M“`û — ¶ õ`ûâô ڎãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæ –˜Žû — ˜-ö`û ö “˜Žû ˜ ¶ úOû ú Þ`ñOÚ]èùà¶å çâàâڎÝèæ õ`û – ô ¶ ûü ôö`û – ü`û — ڎãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæ ö`û ú “`û ö úOû ˜ ¶ û˜ هÛwå@ç¶Ýèæ¸çâñÀèðoðGÝèæYßwÛ¸Ü]èÛ Û¸ÜŽÝÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åkù.Ý@۸܎ã-Þ+ãxíoÛ¸ðGÝ@æ¦äŒãxæ¸ù.ßw۸܎Ýkãx۸܎Ý@æwù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞoßZäŒãxæwÞoÝ@çâàâî-Ý@æ¸àâÚoá ۸܎ÝlæY Ý -íoàâæYݑÞÀÞ`à¶ßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝp"û ‹°Ú àâÚ-ÛYÝ@æYݑ߸۸àâÚoáäŒÝèÛ¸íoæYÝkãä0۸܎ÝkÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶ålù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞ à¶ß Û¸Ü]èÛ àâÛYßZðuÝ@æ¦äŒãxæ¸ù èڎå‘Ý Þoã-Ý‘ß ÚŽãxÛ ß¸àâápÚoà ]åèÚOÛ¸çâñÞoݑå@æYÝèxßYÝ°ê܎Ý@ÚÛ¸ÜŽÝ ßJèùðoçâàâÚoálÛ¸àâù.ÝZàâڎå@æYÝèxßYݑßûهÛèç¶ßYãkèðoðuÝèæYß Û¸Ü]èÛé`Ý@î-Ý@Ú äŒãxæ ߸ù èçâçGßJèùðoçâàâÚoáÛ¸àâù.ݑßéOïuãxÛ¸ÜçâàâڎÝèæièڎÞڎãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæ î-Ý@æY߸à¶ãxÚŽß ãäd۸܎ÝZÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åZù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞç¶ÝèxÞoß ÛYãgùlíŽåYÜ ô¶ s

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ïuÝ@Û¸ÛJÝAæZæYݑ߸íoçâÛYßiÛ¸Ü]èÚV۸܎Ýgãx۸܎Ý@æ°ù.Ý@۸܎ã-Þoßé]ïuݑåèíŽßYÝ*àâÛ°ÞoÝ@çâàâî-Ý@æYßZèÛ°ç¶Ýèx߸ÛZüpö ãä۸܎ÝgÞoݑ߸àâæYݑ޻îãxçâíoù.Ýpé êÜoàâç¶Ý0۸܎Ý߸ÛJèÛ¸à¶å0ù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞèç®êèñ`ߐÞoÝ@çâàâî-Ý@æYßdç¶Ý‘ßYßdÛYÜ]èÚMö — Áãä]۸܎ÝÞoݑ߸àâæYݑÞgîãxçâíoù.Ýpû;
܎ÝåYÜ]èæAèxåAÛJÝAæYàâ߸ÛYàâå‘ß ù.Ý@۸܎ã-Þà¶ß*àâÚïuÝ@ۈêݑÝ@Ú;édêià®ÛYÜMèÚaÝ@æ¸æYãxæ*æJèÚoápàâÚoá»äPæYãxù –˜ 7ÛY㠓pö äŒãxæ*۸܎Ý.å‘ãxڎ߸à¶ÞoÝ@æYݑÞaßJèùðoçâàâÚoá Û¸àâù.ÝwðuÝ@æ¸à¶ãOÞoßû ‹°Úa)Ý ŒŽèùðoç¶Ý.ãäÛ¸Üoà¶ß*Þ`ñOÚ]èùà¶å.ïuÝ@Ü]èîOà¶ãxægà¶ß*ÞoÝ@ðoà¶å@ÛYݑÞàâÈ Ú ˆàâáŽûö`é;ê܎Ý@æYÝ.۸܎ÝÛ¸ÜoæYݑÝù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞoßlèæYÝ å‘ãxùð]èæYÝ‘Þ äŒãxæ T = 60 ùàâÚ;/û ‘ZíŽÝgÛYã۸܎ÝlÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶ålïGÝ@Ü]è‘îOà¶ãxæwãä0۸܎ÝlÞoàâßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝpé5ãxڎÝlڎݑݑÞoßZÛYããxðGÝ@Ú Û¸ÜŽÝá-èÛYÝùlíŽåYÜù.ãxæYÝÛ¸ÜuèÚðoæYݑÞ`à¶å@ÛYݑÞï-ñ ۸܎Ý.߸ÛJèÛ¸à¶å.ãxægÝ@îÝ@Ú۸܎Ý.åYÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶å‘ßgù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞ+àâÚaãxæYÞoÝ@æ ÛYã ÞoÝ@çâàâîÝ@æwèkápàâî-Ý@Ú Þ`à¶ßYåYÜ]èæ¸áÝp>û
Üoà¶ßià¶ß°êÜ]è۰۸܎ÝgÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶ågù.Ý@۸܎ã-Þ Þoã-ݑßé]ï-ñÛJèìOàâÚoá àâÚ-ÛYãèxå‘å‘ãxíoÚOÛwè áã-ãOÞVèðoðoæY%㠌`àâù èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ ãäíoðŽß¸Û¸æYÝèù7èڎ޻Þoãêڎ߸۸æYÝèùê èÛYÝ@æiç¶Ý@î-Ý@ç¶”ß uŽíŽå@Û¸í]èÛ¸à¶ãxڎßû *'

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܎ÝgåJÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶å‘ßZù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞoß°àâùðoæYãîݑ߰۸܎Ýlå‘ãxÚ-î-Ý@æY߸à¶ãxÚ;é]ïoíoÛ èç¶ßYã.ÛYÝ@ڎÞoß°ÛYã.íoڎÞoÝ@æYݑ߸۸àâù èÛYÝ

۸܎Ý*ãxðuÝ@ÚoàâÚoá ÛYãÞoÝ@çâàâî-Ý@æ°èkápàâîÝ@ÚVÞ`à¶ßYåYÜ]èæ¸áÝwäŒãxæç>èæ¸áÝ@æ°ßJèùðoçâàâÚoá.Û¸àâù.Ý*߸ÛYÝ@ðŽßû ø-íŽåJÜ å‘ãxÚ-î-Ý@æY߸à¶ãxÚ.ù.Ý@۸܎ã-Þoß òP߸ÛJèÛ¸à¶åpé-åYÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶å‘ßãxæ0Þ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åþù èñlïGÝîOà¶Ý@êÝ‘Þ èxßðoæYãxðGãxæ¸Û¸à¶ãxÚ]èç å‘ãxÚOÛ¸æYãxçâç¶ÝAæJß0äŒãxæ۸܎ÝZÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åèçG߸ñ`߸ÛYÝ@ù æYÝ@ç>èÛ¸àâÚoák۸܎ݰá-èÛYÝZãxðGÝ@ÚoàâÚoákÛYã*Û¸Ü]Ý°Þ`à¶ßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝ>uuãêàâÚoákÛ¸ÜoæYãxíoápÜ Û¸ÜŽÝ0á-èÛYÝpûý Ý@àâÚoá åèç¶å@íoç>èÛYݑÞèېÝèxåYÜkßJèùðoçâàâÚoáZðGÝ@æ¸à¶ã-Þ T àâÚlàâڎå@æYÝ@ù.Ý@Ú-ÛJèçOäŒãxæ¸ùÌòŒèiÞ`à¶ßYåJÜ]èæ¸áÝÞoÝ@îOà>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚ áÝ@ڎÝ@æJèÛYÝ‘ß èVá-èÛYÝãxðuÝ@ÚoàâÚoá+îpèæ¸à>èÛ¸à¶ãxÚuþAéèçâç ù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞoßêãxíoç¶Þ)å‘ãxÚ-î-Ý@æ¸áÝèx߸ñOùðoÛYãxÛ¸à¶åèçâçâñMÛYãê èæYÞoßkÛ¸ÜŽÝ áã-ãOÞVßYãxçâíoÛ¸à¶ãxÚVêàâÛ¸-Ü ³Ý@æYã ߸ÛYÝèxÞ`ñ߸ÛJèÛYÝ*Ý@æ¸æYãxæû ýíoÛéuèÛ°ÝèxåYÜVðoæYÝ@îOà¶ãxíŽßiàâڎ߸ÛJèÚOÛéŽÛ¸ÜŽÝ*Ý@æ¸æYãxæ°ù èápÚoàâÛ¸íŽÞoÝ ôö s

Discharge

0.5

dynamic characteristic static

setpoint

0.48 0.46

discharge (m3/s)

0.44 0.42 0.4 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.3 0

10

20

30 Time (min)

40

50

60

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äŒãxæ°Û¸ÜŽÝ*ڎãxÚoçâàâڎÝèæZî-Ý@æY߸à¶ãxÚ ãäÞ`ñOÚ]èùà¶åpéuåJÜ]èæJèxå@ÛYÝ@æ¸à¶ß¸Û¸à¶åkèڎÞV߸ÛAèÛ¸à¶ågå‘ãxÚ-î-Ý@æY߸à¶ãxÚVù.Ý@۸܎ãOÞoßiäŒãxæ ùàâÚ;û

Ts = 15

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