UP until the end of World War. II, little was said about. "odd-ball" tube sizes, but with the growing trend of sheet metal fabrication, which is the prime factor in ...
UP until the end of World War II, little was said about "odd-ball" tube sizes, but with the growing trend of sheet metal fabrication, which is the prime factor in today's methods of airframe construction, the demand has increased for great quantities of aircraft tubing and
this has resulted in reduced distributors' tube stocks. If you have purchased a set of amateur aircraft plans and find you have difficulty in pur-
chasing certain size diameter and wall thickness tubing, don't give up the project. For example, if the plans indicate a special tube size of 5/16 in. OD X .028 in. wall and you find
you have trouble in finding a source to purchase this size, then
your alternate recourse to this problem will be as follows: (A) Use 5/16 in. x .035 in.
wall tube - .104#/Ft. (B'- Use % in. x .035 in. wall
could be the start of an expensive scrap heap. To those of you who are not familiar with purchasing aircraft quality seamless tubing, I will describe briefly the general method to evaluate quality tub-
ing, look for the following defects: 1. Thin fins of metal called "laps are folded over the adjacent metal of the tube. They are formed in the piercing mill
operation. 2. "Pits" are small depressions.
They are formed by
rolling grit into the tube surface or by over-pickling the
tube when cleaning scale off preparatory to drawing. 3. "Tears" are ragged openings in the interior or exterior
surface of the tube which are caused by mandrel or die picking up hard or weak spots in the metal during drawing operations. Small "tears" are
grit in the lubricant; also by
er. Make sure he is willing to put in writing material specifications saying the material meets with Government Aircraft Tubing Requirements. If the seller is reluctant to comply with
aircraft quality when he approves your ship prior to cover-
insufficient lubrication.
this request, the buyer should
ing.
tube -M27#/Ft.
referred to as "checks".
Before proceeding further, it
4. "Scratches" are made by rough dies or mandrels, or by
will be necessary that you recheck the plans to see if any brackets or fittings are welded
to these tubing sizes that were changed. If you use alternate (B) it will be necessary that provisions are made on all fittings and brackets to account for change in radii and diameter cut-outs to mate properly in
respect to tube diameter. I would like to suggest to those individuals who are now in the process of designing their own aircraft and those contemplating doing so, to stay clear of "odd-ball" tube sizes. This will lessen the difficulty in locating source and purchase.
As a further suggestion, I would advise not to use tube wall thicknesses of .022 in. and
.028 in. as these particular wall
5. "Sinks" are depressions or collars extending around the inside of the tube caused by a displaced mandrel, which permits drawing the tube to a
smaller inside diameter. 6. "Rings" are transverse corrugations in the wall of tubing
produced by insufficient lub r i c a t i o n a n d subsequent
jumping of the tube during drawing. 7. "Wall - thickness variations" are caused by inaccurate piercing or worn mandrel dies. Government specifications permit a variation of nominal wall thicknesses, (see chart). Aircraft tubing purchased from reliable distributors will meet all rigid requirements.
thicknesses are in very thin wall range, and it is fairly easy to burn through this wall thickIf you purchase tubing adverness during welding, thus destised as surplus or used aircraft troying its initial strength. In tubing, caution should be exerall probability it will have to be cised when dealing with the sellreplaced with a new tube. This
then beware of deals of this nature. Remember .this, the CAA inspector does not bite or taste the tubing you use to see if it's
on my longest hop. On one very windy day I just sat ... me in his lap. I weigh 156 Ibs. so the total ... A short time ago I made a hop in a 20 mph wind. Smitty, my ...
requires patience and sweat equity. This is true whether you are repairing old plastic or installing new. The key is to know what's worth saving and what isn't.
The permissible chemistry ranges have ... nated as 4130 and a higher alloyed grade known as X4130, were pro- ... 10. (a) Tolerances are applicable to individual measurements. (b) For tubing with inside diameter less than ]/2 inch (or less.
allowed to cool down. Upon reaching room temperature there is but one piece of metal with, in effect, no joint at all. In prac- tical application, of course, it is.
Nickel .40/.70. It may be well to mention that some confusion may still exist, as regards .... Bear in mind that certain other specifications cover other alloys and will ...
Newton Commercial has been manufacturing interior trim for Classic British mo- tor cars now ..... 16g WAC3025 - Pair of rear wheel arch covers .... Our headlining kits in either light grey, black or white come ready sewn together with âCâ post.
Newton Commercial has been manufacturing interior trim for Classic British mo- tor cars now ..... 16g WAC3025 - Pair of rear wheel arch covers .... Our headlining kits in either light grey, black or white come ready sewn together with âCâ post.
Characterizing the brain's anatomical and dynamical organization and how this enables it to carry out complex tasks is highly non trivial. While there has long.
MANY AIRCRAFT USE EITHER RIGID tubing or flexible hoses for their hydraulic or pneumatic brake, landing gear, and steer- ing systems. For low-pressure.
I'm sure you've all heard that it will end in- ... For example, with the 100% graphite/epoxy tube, there ... If by bullet proof you are referring to a tube's ability.
FIGURE 3. STREAMLINING ROUND ... IHAVE USED this simple method of streamlining round tubing on the lift ... resin while it is setting up. The wax will cause ...
rear package tray, part #746024 (photo #1). This was done by spraying the rear bulkhead with Sticky Stuff spray adhesive, part #49-22 (photo #2) then spraying ...
OU HAVE ALL heard of graphite tubing by now and know a little, bit of what it's supposed to be capable of doing. I'm sure you've all heard that it will end in-.
both ends of the tube . . . and the tube will begin to bend. If the radius of the underlying object (form) over which you are making the bend is large, the bend will ...
Next, cut a piece of fir, mahogany, or what have you that is the length of the tube and shaped like A in Fig. 1. Cement this to the tubing as shown. I used plastic ...
that 37° was the magic, non-leaking angle. Automotive ... On the better flaring tubes, there will be a small finger that sets the depth of the tube in the mandrel.
(c) Providing a sufficient cool- ing airflow, and, if necessary, some means of regulating the air- flow in response to varying con- ditions. A flow of cooling air.
project, he will have employed a surprising variety of skills. One of them ... Whatever the material or dimensions of a tube, un- controlled .... common that much thought has been put into finding so- lutions. ... with wood and pour in dry, well-sift
lower-water bioclastic sandy marls with truncated ... durofagous ¢shes feeding on shallow-water mol- luscs. .... southeastern Oman fauna can thus be correlated.
and petrographic analysis, the paleoclimatic and ... biota shows a marked transitional character, ... and by paleoecologic analyses (Angiolini et al., in press).
