Arches National Park

Illustrations depicting the formation of arches with time (Arches National Park). A: Early Stage: Erosion of vertical fractures creates fins. B and C : Intermediate ...
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Illustrations depicting the formation of arches with time (Arches National Park) A: Early Stage: Erosion of vertical fractures creates fins. B and C : Intermediate Stage: Water perches along horizontal contacts between impermeable rock layers below (Dewey Bridge Member) and more permeable rocks above (Slick Rock Member). Eventually, as cements dissolve and grains erode, a small opening is created through the fin. The window is expanded through freeze/thaw cycles and associated rockfall on the bottom side of the arch. D: Late Stage: Finally the arch collapses leaving the pedestal of the arch as a standing tower or pinnacle.

Arches and alcoves form when horizontal bedding planes in the park's many rock fins are attacked by weathering and erosion. One of the most readily exploited planes of weakness is the contact between the Dewey Bridge and Slick Rock Members([1] [2]) which is responsible for development of arches in the Windows region of the park. Slightly acidic groundwater percolates along this plane dissolving calcite cement and releasing grains of sand and silt. Over time the fin is breached and a small horizontal opening is created at the contact between the Dewey

[1] Park Avenue

[2] Balanced Rock

Ä T H Morris - S M Ritter - D P Laycock - JM Pouy