Anglâis- Texte 41 GRADUATI,S OF THE KEYBOARD CAMPUS

I first met Paul Levinsonin 2006 at m academicconference at New York's Fordham University, where he was then teaching.Except I felt like I alreadyknew him, Paul having beeùmy master'sthesisadvisera decadeearlier.Onlineexperience cancreatepaÉdoxeslike rhat. Paul, a pioneerof online education,was the founderof ConnectEd, which offered gradùate coursesin new mediastùdiesthroughtheNew Schoolfor SocialResearch. In 1994, I startedtaking coùrsesthere.After a year, Paul guidedme through the thesisprocessand, in 1996,I graduated with a degreeachievedentirelyonlire. I wâs then living in Torontoand neversetfoot on the New York campus.Couseswereconductedvia discussion boards:The professors would post lecturesârd studentswould post responses, initially to the lectules, rhen to each other. Some readings were available online, othe$ we had to flnd in local librariesor bookstores. There are many obvious reasonsfor choosing online education.First, the cost of ar -{merical institution was already high; having to live in New York would have made it prohibitivelyexpensive. Secondly,someofthe studentsI met hadfull-timejobs andcouldn't makein-personclasses.Sinceit wasn't necessary to b€ in a classroomduringa scheduled iectule,online classesallowedthem to accessnotesând discussions at their convenience. fhirdly, oneofthe brighteststudentsin my classes hadmultipledisabilitiesandit wouldhave beenphysically impossiblefor her to attenda traditionâl class. There are other advantagesto online education.One is the invelsior of the roles of stùdent ând teâcher. This occurs because of the difference betlveeD attendance and participation.In in-personleaming, you can be physicallypresentin a classroombut contributenothingto the ongoingdiscussion. In an onlineclass,if you'renot contuibuting to you're the ongoingdiscussion,it's like rot there;uûlike taditional clas$ooms,attendance and participation are the same. Moreover, in a typical in-person class, most of the commulications come from the teacher.Becausestudentshave to pârticipate,online classes reversethehend,with studentpostsmakingup mostofthe classcommunications. This tlpe of leaming is not for everyonethough. It requiresstùdentswho are active in buildingtheir own knowledgebaseandit alsochargesthe role ofthe teacher,ftom the "sage on the stage" imparting wisdom to studeûtsto someonewho sets out the parumetersof a cor[se and then guides studentsto hnding their own way of assemblingand undemtanding coursemâterials. In short,how one experiences odine educationdependson how crcativethe professor andthe studentsare willing to be with the medium.

Adaptedfrom The Globeand Mail October2012 (451words)

Anglais- Texte42

GRAPHIC ANTI-SMOKINGADS WORK

The federalgovemmentsaysits graphicad campaignshowingdiseasedsmokershasbeen such a successthat it is planning anotherround next yeat to nudgemore Americansto kick the habit.The ads,which ran for 12 weeksin springandearly summer,aimedto get 500,000 peopleto tly to quit and50,000to kick thehabitlong-term. "The initial results suggestthe impâct will be even greater thaû that," saysThomas Frieden,directorof the Centemfor DiseaseControland Prevention. which spearheaded the $54 million campaign.The ads showedreal Americanstalking about how smoking caused their paralysis,lung removal andamputations. He saysit's the first time the U.S.govemmenthaspaid ôr anti-smokiûgads,although somemediaranthemfree. The CDC doesn'thave a tâlly yet on how many people actùâlly tried to quit, but it says the adsgenerated192,000extracalls morethan doublethe usualvolume to its national toll-liee quit line, 800-QUIT-NOW,and 417,000n€w visitorsto smokeftee.gov, its website of1èringccssation tips.Thal'stdple the site'sprevioustraffic. "We do plan to do arother campaignnext year," Friedensays,addirg that he has no details yet on the adsor their timing. He saysthe amountthe CDC spentthis year is a pittance comparedwith the $ I 0 billion the tobaccoindustryspendsannuallyto mârketits products. The nation'stwo iargesttobaccocompanies, Philip Monis USA and R.J.ReynoldsTobacco Company,declinedto commenton the ads.Friedensâysthe pdnt, broadcast and onlineads stuck a chord. "Whst we heardfrom peopleis they wishedthe),'dseer thernyea.rsago." "We made the danger accessibleand realistic," says Eric Asche, who works for the antismokinggroupLegacyandwho consulted with the CDC on the ads."Whenyou personalize a powerful." it's story, Too powerirl for some.The ads are shocking,disgustingand too ptovocative.The nonsmokingmajorityis beingsubjected to anassaulton our senses. Glenn Leshner,a University of Missouri researcherwho has studiedthe effectivenessof anti-smokingads in a lab setting, says they draw morc attention when they featureeither a health theat or disgustingimages.Yet when they have both, he's found viewersstartto withdraw. Frieden,a physicianwho hastreatedmany smokers,defendsthe ads. the impactof smoking."he says.He addsthat "lt's importantthat everyoneunderstands people most don'trealizethatsmokingcauses moretllar lung cancerandheartdisease. Healthcarecostsare $2,000morc eachyearfor smokers- about20% of U.S. adultsthan for non-smokers, Friedensays,and smokingrcmainsthe leadingcauseof preveûtable deaths.

Adaptedtiom USAToday August2012 (449words)

Anslais- Texte43

GUNS IN OKLAIIOMA

A new law took effect last Novemberin Oklahoma- a stat€with 142,000men and ..omenlicensedto carry concealedweapons.The law saysthat anyonelicensedto cany a :lrnceâledfirearmcan row chooseto caarya weaponout in the open,in a belt or shoulder :olster,loadedor unloaded.Five minutesaftermidnightThursday,BrianHull andhis friends supporters of the OklahomaOpenCarry Association,a gun rights group will mark the lccasionby wearingtheir unconcealed handgtms while diningat Beverly'sPancakeHouse,a :J-hoùr restauant."It's just â peâcefùlâssembly,"saidMr. Hull. "We're all licensedby the jtate to cârry.We've all beentrâinedandvetted.Why wouldn't somebodywantto havethat iiind of a groupdo businesswith them in their establishment?" Advocatesfor gun rightssaidthe abilityto "opencary" woulddetercrimeandeliminate the dsks of wardrobe issues,such as when someonecarying a concealedweaponbreaksthe law by accidentallyexposingthe firearm. But the new law is a slnnbolic as well as practical \ ictory. Supporte$said there was no betteradvertisementfor the SecondAmendmentthan to have thousandsof responsibleadults openly carrying their weaponsin a highly visible tàshion. Oklahomahasthusbecomethe l5th stateto allow peopleto openlycarryfirearmswith a license.Thoughcommonaroundthecoùntry,theselawsir sevemlstâteshaveposedlegâland logisticalproblemsfor municipalitiesand la$ enforcement agenciesseekingto balar,ccgulr ownerc' constitutionalrights with mâirtaining order. Oklahomais considered a "sha11-issue" state,meaningthatoncea rcsidentmeetsthelegal rcquirements,officials must issue a license.Other states,including New Jersey and Connecticul,arc known as "may-issue" states,meaning that even if a resident satisfiesthe rcquir€ments, oflicials may or may not issuethe licensebecausethey havethe discrctionto considerother factors. The new law has also brought about a subtle changein buying habits. Customerswith small handgunsthat are easyto concealhave beenbuying larger weapons,\rith longer baïrels that hold additionalrounds,asthey prepareto wear their gunsunconcealed. The law prohibits concealedor unconcealedfireams in a handful of places, including govemmentbuildings,schoolsandbars.Most businesses, however,mustdecideoû theirown how to handlethoseopenly carrying.Peopleentedngone of Bank of Ollahoma's 85 branches in the stateneednot leavetheir weaponin the câr. They can b ng it inside.The old saying within thecommunityis, "lt's betterto haveit andnot needit thanneedit andnot haveit."

Adap|edfrom The New York Times November2012 (438 words)

Ànglais- Texte44 HE'S WATCHING TIIAT,IN PI.,'BLIC?PORNOGRAPHYTAKES NEXT SEAT

On a rccent moming at the main public library here, dozensof people sât ând stood at compute$,searchingjob-huntingsites,playing games,watchingmusic videos-And some lookedat picturesof nakedmenandwomenin full view ofpassers-by. It is an issueplaying out not just at libûries, but in cafesand gyms, on airplanes,trains and highways, aûdjust about any other place where the explosion of compnters,tablets and smartphoneshasgiven rise to a growing sourceof dispute:public displaysofmature conte"nt. An antipomographygroup, Morality i1l Media, hasin recentmonthslauncheda "no pom on the plane" campaign,and has contactedmost major airlines to argue that they should committo policingwhâtpeoplewatch. For its paxt,DeltaAir Linessaysthat it doesnot allow peopleto view "offensivecontent assessments ofany kind," but also said that flight attendantsate trainedto makecase-by-case Associalion of Flight passengers The of other dependingon circumstancesaûd concems playing the role of ,q.tienda:rtisaid that its membercwant to avoid offending passengersor censors. One reasonthe issueis so thomy is thât not everyoneagreeson what might be considered offensive.That is the caseevenwithin MoÉlity in Medi4 wherethey saidpeopleshouldalso be careful with public viewings of violent content. But the groùp's president,a former JùsticeDepar'rmettofÏicial in chargeof prosecutitg child and adult pomographysaid, "lt's not the samesituationwith violence,"noting that graphic war scenesfrom a movie like "saving Private Ryan" can provide a powerful history lesson. A growingnumber Somepeopledeveloptheir own slidingscalesfor whatis âcceptable. ofcafes anà restaurantsoffer ftee Wi-Fi. Therehavebeena few reportsofmen being arrested said at McDonald'sStârbucks overthe last ye4rfor viewingpomographyon theù computers someone not to right to ask it does not censorwhat peopleuse its Wi-Fi for but reservesthe vie\ materialthâl mightoffendpauonsor employees Somepeoplechooseto act astheir olln censor.Lewis Goldberg,a lawyerin New York, occasionallywatchesshowslike "Mad Men" or "Gameof Tlrones" on his iPad when he works out at the gym. But he fast-forwardsthrough sexualor particularly violent scenes"I'm in a civil society" bringingmy mediainto a publicspace,andit's part ofmy responsibility Othersfiercely defendthe rights of peopleto watch whateverthey want in public People say,'Justlook away'.Theirargumentis thatpeoplecando whattheywant Tbis is America'

Adaptedfrom Îl'e New York Times Jluly2012 (446words)

Anglais- Texte45 HEALTII PANEL APPROYtrSRESTRICTION ON SALE OF LARGE SUGARYDRINKS

Seeking to reduce runaway obesity rates, the New York City Boaxd of Health on Thursdayapproveda ban on the sale of large sodâsard other sugaJydrinks ât restaurants, jùeet cartsandmovie theaters,the first restrictionof its kind in the country. The measure,championedby Mayor Bloomberg, is certain to intensify a growing nationaldebateaboutsoft drinks ard obesity,and it could spurothercities to follow suit. The measure,which barsthe sale of marry sweeteneddrinks in containerslarger than 16 ourrces, is to takeeffecton March 12,unlessit is blockedby ajudge.The voteby the Board ol Health wasthe only regulaloryapprovalneededto makethe ban binding in the city, but the \merican sofl-drinl