Program of the 81stAnnual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists To be held at the

Hilton Portland & Executive Tower 921 SW Sixth Avenue Portland, Oregon 97204 AAPA Scientific Program Committee: Karen R. Rosenberg, Chair and Program Editor Kathryn Hicks Keith Hunley Sang-Hee Lee Leanne T. Nash Lisa Paciulli Joan Stevenson Martha Tappen Daniel H. Temple Jennifer L. Thompson Karen Weinstein Kimberly D. Williams Michael L. Wilson

Elizabeth Abrams Sheela Athreya Shara Bailey Eric J. Bartelink Abigail Bigham Graciela S. Cabana Fabian Crespo Sharon DeWitte Seth D. Dobson Michelle Drapeau Celeste Marie Gagnon James H. Gosman Nedda Moqtaderi, Program Assistant

Local Arrangements Committee John Lukacs (University of Oregon) and J. Josh Snodgrass (University of Oregon), Co-Chairs Tara Cepon (University of Oregon) Stephen Frost (University of Oregon) Ed Hagen (Washington State University, Vancouver) Greg Nelson (University of Oregon) Bob Pastor (University of Oregon) Larry Sugiyama (University of Oregon) Frances White (University of Oregon)

ABSTRACTS The project has obtained seven stable-isotope determinations; and it is presently working on the molecular analysis of TB and haplogroups together with Anne Stone. The comparison with pre and post contact information proves relevant, and it is part of the research agenda. The project is also trying to preserve and enhance the history of La Candelaria, counting on the participation of local actors. PICT 01520 (2007-10), PICT 0575 (2011-23) and CONICET. Skull reconstruction of Barma del Caviglione 1, Grimaldi Caves, an Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens. GASPARD GUIPERT1, AMÉLIE VIALET2, MARIE-ANTOINETTE DE LUMLEY2 and HENRY DE LUMLEY2. 1Antenne de Préhistoire de l'Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, CEREGE, Europôle de l'Arbois, Aix-enProvence, France, 2Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Fondation Albert Ier de Monaco, Paris, France. In 1872, in the Cavillon’s Cave, a burial of an almost complete Homo sapiens skeleton was discovered: Barma del Caviglione 1. The burial was taken along in block to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris where it was exposed to the public as one of the main specimen of the Prehistoric collection. Recently, our team managed a multidisciplinary research on this famous fossil which was deformed and/or fractured, covered of ochre, shell’s ornaments and partially full of matrix. Dating is about 24,500 years BP (C14). We present here the first reconstruction of the cranium and the mandible. Data was gathered with a medical scanner (General Electric Light Speed, 0.299mm thickness, 120kV, 120mAs, 26.3cm FOV) and were exported as DICOM files (373*351) and postprocessed using Mimics 13.1 (Materialise©) and RapidForm 2006 (Inus Technology®). The first stage consisted in cleaning bones of the ochre deposit, the ornaments and the matrix, slice by slice. Each fragment was then isolated before being connected with the others. The internal structures were modelised (endocranium, inner ear). The reconstructed skull was studied using metric as well as Procrustes methods and compared with Upper Paleolithic and more recent Homo sapiens. Results bring new information on the Grimaldi Caves fossils and the variability of Homo sapiens from the Upper Paleolithic. It allows us to postulate the existence of a geochronological group characterized by anatomical and cultural peculiarities and symbolic behaviors. From the womb to the tomb: the role of transfers in shaping the evolved human life history. MICHAEL D. GURVEN. Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara. Humans are the longest living and slowest growing of all primates. Although most primates are social, humans are highly

cooperative and pro-social in ways that likely coevolved with the slow human life history. We highlight the role of resource transfers within and among generations in shaping low human mortality rates as a necessary precursor for selecting further reduced adult mortality rate in late adulthood. In conjunction with changes in the age-profile of production, the impacts of resource transfers and other forms of sociality on mortality may have played an important role in selection on post-reproductive lifespan during the course of human evolution. Using medical data and semi-structured interviews, I explore several types of common risks experienced amongst Tsimane forager-horticulturalists and quantify the types and targets of aid commonly given. Results illustrate the ubiquity of transfers in several key domains and suggest that the absence of transfers would greatly increase both pre-adult and adult human mortality rates. Funding provided by the National Science Foundation (BCS-0422690, BCS0136274) and the National Institute on Aging (R01AG024119-01). Locomotor brumpti.

morphology

of

EMILY H. GUTHRIE. University of Oregon.

Theropithecus

Anthropology,

The cercopithecoid genus Theropithecus is often used as an analogue for human evolution. Due to preservation bias, much of our understanding of the paleobiology of Theropithecus is based on the grassland adapted Theropithecus oswaldi. In order to better understand the ecological breadth of the genus, a complete functional analysis of the postcranial material of the woodland associated T. brumpti is presented. Contrary to previous findings, there is no evidence that T. brumpti was an arboreal primate. Theropithecus brumpti is clearly a terrestrial papionin. While T. brumpti retains a degree of flexibility (at the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle), this is not exceptional when compared to other members of the genus, notably Theropithecus oswaldi. Features historically used to reconstruct T. brumpti as more arboreal than other members of the genus are interpreted here as part of a suite of traits that characterize early Theropithecus including early T. oswaldi, which are mapped onto a terrestrial papionin morphotype. Therefore, the suite of traits that characterize the genus may be related to manual manipulation and/ or food processing. Manual terrestrial foraging may have been primitive for papionin monkeys and so, these traits may be better interpreted as foraging adaptations related to forest floor locomotion and gleaning which may be primitive for Theropithecus and possibly for papionins. Further, if the common ancestor of Theropithecus, Papio and Lophocebus is arboreal, perhaps in the Theropithecus lineage the ability to manipulate arboreal environments was co-opted for fine manipulation of food objects on the ground. This study of was funded by the Geological Society of America, the Paleontological Society, the National Science Foundation, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation and the University of Oregon.

157 An odontometric investigation of the biological origins of the Baltis: a TibetoBurman speaking population of Northern Pakistan. MARIA DEL CARMEN GUZMAN and BRIAN E. HEMPHILL. Anthropology, California State University, Bakersfield. The Baltis are a Tibeto-Burman speaking ethnic group who reside in northern Pakistan. Most authorities claim that Baltis have Tibetan origin, but Y-chromosome variations (Qamar et al. 2002) did not confirm this. Backstrom (1992) asserts that even if Baltis do have Tibetan origins, they experienced extensive admixture with local Dardic-speaking populations after their arrival in Gilgit-Baltistan. This research identifies Balti origins through a comparative analysis of permanent tooth size allocation among 180 Balti young adults from Partuk, located in northern Pakistan. Maximum mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements were obtained for all permanent teeth, except third molars, in accordance with standardized methods. Individual measurements were scaled against the geometric mean to control for sex dimorphism and evolutionary tooth size reduction. These data were contrasted with 21 samples of prehistoric and living individuals from Pakistan, peninsular India, Central Asia, and the Iranian Plateau. Intersample differences in tooth size allocation were assessed with pairwise squared Euclidian distances, and the patterning of phenetic affinities among samples was assessed with neighbor-joining cluster analysis and principal co-ordinates analysis. The results indicate that Baltis occupy an isolated phenetic position with some, albeit rather distant, affinities to other ethnic groups that occupy the rugged highlands of northern Pakistan. Baltis share no affinities to living peninsular Indians, or to prehistoric samples from Central Asia and the Indus Valley of Pakistan. These results are consistent with a scenario that calls for Balti origins among Tibetan populations, with some, but by no means extensive, admixture with local non-Tibetan Dardic-speaking populations. Traumatic spinal injury in the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton. MARTIN HAEUSLER. Centre for Evolutionary Medicine, Universität Zürich. Back problems are omnipresent in modern humans and cause enormous health costs. This is often thought to be founded in the increasingly sedentary lifestyle of industrialized populations as well as in our upright, bipedal locomotion that places huge mechanical demands on the vertebral column. Little is known, however, of this situation during the course of human evolution. Here we analyse the lumbar spine of the Homo erectus boy skeleton KNM-WT 15000 from Nariokotome, Kenya. We identified facet joint subluxation at L4/5, but we found no evidence for scoliosis. This implies a chronic disc pathology that might have caused disabling backache and sciatica. This is unexpected at the juvenile age of KNM-WT