17 April 2016: Ecuador earthquake of 7.8 magnitude kills dozens
Apr 17, 2016 - Models that try to forecast the likely casualty numbers from the nature of the quake and local building construction methods indicate this event ...
17 April 2016: Ecuador earthquake of 7.8 magnitude kills dozens
Ecuador is well used to earthquakes. There have been seven 7.0 magnitude or greater events within 250km of this latest tremor since 1900. And some of these have resulted in very considerable loss of life, not just from the shaking but also from tsunami waves. The country sits on the so-called "Ring of Fire" - the arc of high seismic activity that extends right around the Pacific basin. At its location, Ecuador fronts the boundary between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates. These are vast slabs of the Earth's surface that grind past each other at a rate of about 65mm per year. The Nazca plate, which makes up the Pacific Ocean floor in this region, is being pulled down (subducted) and under the South American coast. It is a process that has helped build the Andes and Ecuador's many volcanoes, including the mighty Chimborazo. Models that try to forecast the likely casualty numbers from the nature of the quake and local building construction methods indicate this event could be very serious, with the number of deaths running into the hundreds. Analysis: Jonathan Amos, BBC science correspondent. From: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-36065551
Word box Tectonic plates
Tremor = small earthquake
To grind = to rub together harshly
Continental drift
To collide = to bump into each other
Boundary
Forecast
To shift apart
Convection currents
Cold descending slab
Subduction = when plates ride under each other
mountain ranges
When a rock is deforming in a brittle fashion
deformation of the sea floor
Tsunami
Strain
To bend
Foreshocks = Preliminary earthquakes
Aftershocks
Richter magnitude scale = logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of the seismic waves to an arbitrary minor amplitude
To slide past each other
The edges of the plate
Stored up energy is released
The energy radiates outward from the fault in all directions
Seismic waves
To predict = to forecast
Reverse fault = thrust
Normal fault
Strike-slip fault
To trigger
Instruction: imagine you're a science correspondent for a newspaper and you have to prepare an interview to explain why earthquakes often hit contries along the peri-Pacific belt. To fully succeed in this exercise, you must use at least 10 words featuring in the word box. (one of you will count while others will ask questions about geology mechanisms responsible for earthquakes)
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earthquake, but also on the longer-term earthquake history and on tectonic ..... Coulomb stress changes due to all events since 1900 plus the Izmit (1999) ...
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man-Rakic, 1987; Fuster, 1995). In a well-studied exam- making a saccadic eye movement to the location of the ple, many neurons have been shown to respond ...
May 3, 2006 - The scientific community has largely adopted the bankfull discharge (magnitude ... Thirdly, the transition between in-bank and over-bank flow ...
