CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming. 5. 1.a How to Develop a Program. A program is like a recipe. Pasta for six. â boil 1 quart salty.
René Doursat Department of Computer Science & Engineering University of Nevada, Reno Fall 2005
Computer Science I CS 135 0. Course Presentation 1. Introduction to Programming 2. Functions I: Passing by Value 3. File Input/Output 4. Predefined Functions 5. If and Switch Controls 6. While and For Loops 7. Functions II: Passing by Reference 8. 1-D and 2-D Arrays 8/29/2005
CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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Computer Science I CS 135 1. Introduction to Programming a. How to Develop a Program b. Writing Pseudocode c. First Elements of C++ d. Looking Under the Hood
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CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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Computer Science I CS 135 1. Introduction to Programming a. How to Develop a Program 9 A program is like a recipe 9 Steps in program development 9 Procedural programming
b. Writing Pseudocode c. First Elements of C++ d. Looking Under the Hood
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CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program A program is like a recipe
Pasta for six – boil 1 quart salty water – stir in the pasta – cook on medium until “al dente” – serve
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CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program A program is like a recipe
¾ What is programming? 9 programming can be defined as the development of a solution to an identified problem, and the setting up of a related series of instructions that will produce the desired results 9 generally, programming is the construction of an algorithm
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CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program A program is like a recipe
¾ What is an algorithm? 9 informally, a general method for solving a problem, such as a recipe 9 formally, a set of precise steps that describe exactly the tasks to be performed and in which order 9 an algorithm must be precise and unambiguous give the correct solution in all cases eventually end 9 an algorithm frequently involves repetition of an operation
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
¾ Seven basic steps in the development of a program 1. define the problem 2. outline the solution 3. develop the outline into an algorithm 4. test the algorithm for correctness 5. code the algorithm into a specific prog. language 6. run the program on the computer 7. document and maintain the program 8/29/2005
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
1. Define the problem 9 to help with initial analysis, the problem should be divided into three separate components:
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the inputs the outputs the processing steps to produce the required outputs from the inputs
CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
1. Define the problem
inputs
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processing steps
CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
outputs
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
¾ Example: find the average of three numbers 9 what are the inputs and outputs?
number1 number2 ?? number3
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processing steps
CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
average ??
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
2. Outline the solution 9 decompose the problem in smaller elements and produce a rough draft of the solution:
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the major processing steps involved the major subtasks (if any) the major control structures the major variables and record structures the mainline logic
CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
¾ Example: find the average of three numbers 9 what are the processing steps?
• obtain three numbers number1 number2 number3
• calculate ?? the average
average
• show the result
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CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
3. Develop the outline into an algorithm 9 the solution outline of Step 2 is expanded into an algorithm • Prompt for three numbers •• obtain Get three numbers three numbers number1 number2 number3
• Add numbers together •• calculate the average Divide the sum by 3
average
•• show result Displaythe a message • Display the result
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CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
3. Develop the outline into an algorithm 9 here is an equivalent algorithm in a more formal style • Prompt for three numbers • Get x, y, z x y z
• sum = x + y + z • average = sum/3
average
• Display a message • Display average
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CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
4. Test the algorithm for correctness 9 testing is one of the most important step in the development of a program, yet it is often forgotten 9 the main purpose of “desk-checking” the algorithm is to identify major logic errors early, so that they may be easily corrected • sum = x + y + z • average = sum/3 9 try different test values by hand!
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x y z sum avg 1 1 1 3 1 0 0 6 6 2 13 15 17 45 15 ... ... ... ... ...
CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
5. Code the algorithm into a specific programming language 9 only after all design considerations have been met should you actually start to code the program into your chosen programming language: C++ Java FORTRAN 8/29/2005
Basic COBOL
etc. CS 135 - Computer Science I - 1. Introduction to Programming
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1.a How to Develop a Program Steps in program development
¾ Example: find the average of three numbers 9 core of the program in C++ ...
• Prompt for three numbers > x >> y >> z; x y z
= x + y + z; • sum sum =x+y+z avg = sum/3.0; • average = sum/3
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â¢It consists in breaking down (decomposing) a problem into the functional steps that compose it. e.g.: a cooking recipe, the instructions to assemble furniture, etc.
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