Owners Manual
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
3
Introduction We recommend that you read this manual thoroughly so that you can make good use of the full potential of the FORM 3, become familiar with your
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
wing and take to the sky successfully. You have purchased a glider which belongs to the newest generation of performance paragliders, based on the latest paraglider design technology. It is very easy to launch, with pleasant handling and a good safety margin. These features, combined with very good performance, means that you will enjoy yourself in all conditions. If you have any questions which are not answered here, please don’t hesitate to contact us at XIX.
Table of contents Technical details Disclaimer ! Before launch , Preparation, Inflation Acceleration and launch, Normal flight Maximum glide, Minimum sink, Landing Winch-towing, Harness, Speed system Altering brake lines Quick descent, ‘Big ears’ Spiral dives B-line stall, Extreme flying, Collapses Frontal stall, Deep (parachutal) stall Asymmetric stall, Flat spin, Full stall Folding your glider. Caring for your paraglider Cleaning, Repairs, Storage Backpack DHV Test report Line connection plan Line length Warranty certificate Warranty conditions Inspection control sheet DHV Testreports
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3 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22
Technical details Size
S
M
L
Area
27 m2
28.5 m2
30 m2
Wingspan
12.4 m
12.7 m
13.1 m
5.7
5.7
5.7
23.8 m2
25.1 m2
26.4 m2
10.1 m
10.4 m
10.7 m
Number of Cells
62
62
62
Mass & Weight
S
M
L
65-90 kg
80-105 kg
100-130 kg
145-200 lb
175-230 lb
220-290 lb 80-110 kg
flat
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
Aspect Ratio projected Area Wingspan
certified Take-off Weight (all included) Pilot Body Weight
45-70 kg
60-85 kg
(20kg Equipment)*
100-155 lb
135-190 lb
175-245 lb
Canopy Weight
6.2 kg
6.5 kg
6,8 kg
Performence**
S
M
L
v trimm **
36 km/h
36 km/h
36 km/h
v max **
52 km/h
52 km/h
52 km/h
2 GH
2 GH
2 GH
Certification
*
Canopy, Bagpack, Harness, Reserve, Instruments, Boots, Clothes ec.
**
True speed and sinkrates depend on take-off weight and air density (Altitude, Temperature, Pressure). Indikated air speed depend on flight intstrument system.
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Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
WARNING! Disclaimer ! Use of this paraglider is entirely at your own risk. Any modifications (including adjustments to the brakes), improper repairs or failure to carry out annual inspections will void the glider’s certificate of airworthiness.. All pilots are responsible for their own safety and must perform on-site safety checks before every launch. Launching is only permitted if the pilot is certain that the glider is airworthy. Pilots must find out about regional and local weather conditions and should only fly when current conditions and forecasted developments allow safe flying. The glider may only be flown by pilots who hold a valid pilot’s licence or who are under the supervision of a certified paragliding instructor. The manufacturer, retailers and all third parties accept no liability whatsoever. The paraglider must only be used:
if the pilot is in good healthy, fit to fly with body and mind if the pilot has sufficient education, experience and training if the pilot is able to do all the intended maneuvers descriebed and recommended in this manual if the pilot’s take-off weight is correct for the glider with the correct tecnical condition equipment checked before each flight (wing, seat, reserve, helmet, boots etc.)
if there is no rain or snow in save weather conditions under visual meteorological conditions VMC (not in cloud, fog or mist), considering the national and international roules of law and workmanship. in flying sites clear of dangerous obstacles, big enough to abort take off procedure for winch launching with certified winches and licensed instructors All use of the paraglider outside of this behaviour brings a much bigger risk of accident.
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Before your first launch
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
All XIX products are subject to stringent quality control checks after manufacture. In addition to this your dealer will have given your glider a test flight. Nevertheless we do recommend that your first flights are made from a beginner’s slope.
Before every launch Carefully check all your equipment whenever you intend to launch, especially your carabiners, harness buckles, glider fabric and speed system. Then carry out the five-point check and launch preparation. The FORM 3 requires no special launch technique and is easy to inflate. A couple of tips on the best way to launch:
Preparation Lay out your glider with the leading edge in a slight curve. Carefully sort the lines. We recommend that you lift up the risers and, starting with the brakes, separate each set of lines and lay them on the ground.
Inflation Take both A-risers in your hands, carry out your five-point launch check and start to run, holding your arms slightly behind you. The glider will rise easily and evenly with a constant pull. When launching into a strong headwind it is best to use a reverse launch. Use the weight of your body to launch the paraglider and not just the strength in your arms. If necessary use the brakes to stabilise the FORM 3, particularly if it rises too quickly. Once the glider is above you, carry out a visual check.
Acceleration and launch When you are sure that everything is OK, start to run with long strides, braking slightly. Your FORM 3 will soon lift you off the ground. You have not completed the launch procedure until you are well clear of the ground. Launching in tailwinds and strong headwinds can be dangerous. Stumbling in a tailwind or running quickly over rough ground put you at risk of injury. You may launch without meaning to if there is a strong head wind (more than 15 km/h).
Normal flight The FORM 3 is a very agreeable glider to fly. It is stable and responsive and the pressure required on the brakes is comfortable and increases progressively. Let the wing fly!
5
Maximum glide
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
You will reach maximum glide in nil wind at trimspeed (hands up). Use of the speed bar will improve your glide angle if you are flying into a head wind.
Minimum sink The minimum sink rate is reached with about 30% brakes. Apply a little brake when thermalling or flying through turbulence. This will allow you to core the thermal better and climb faster. It also increases stability. We do not want to give specific instructions on how to thermal because there are thousands of different types of thermal of various strengths. Steer however you feel most comfortable and try to visualise and feel the thermal as you are flying through it. A ‘column’ or a ‘bubble’ never stays the way it is shown in pictures for very long, so continue to climb as consistently as possible.
Landing You will already have learned that you must always make a circuit before landing. We recommend that you apply 10-30% brakes during your final approach to a level landing field. Then flare when you are approximately 50 cm above the ground. Take care when landing in windy conditions and look out for obstacles. Ground turbulence can be treacherous never apply too much brake close to the ground.
Winch-towing The FORM 3 can be winch-launched without any other equipment being needed. Local regulations should be observed at all times.
Harness All standard harnesses classified „GH“ by the German DHV are suitable for this glider.
6
Speed system The FORM 3 is equipped with a speed system attached to the risers. The speed bar (included with the paraglider) can be attached to most harnesses. Before launch, secure the connecting lines for the speed bar evenly on either side to the Arisers through the pulleys to the Brummelhooks on the speed system. The length is correct when the two pulleys touch each other when your legs are stretched out and they cannot be moved any further. IMPORTANT:: make sure that you are able to release the speed bar at any time and that it can’t be snagged on anything. In the ‘off’ position the speed system should have at least 5 cm of slack for safety reasons (check this!).. Get a friend to help you by holding up the risers when you install the speed bar. Speedpedal adjusted
With the speed system activated, you can fly out of sink zones more quickly, improve your glide angle when there is too much headwind or simply fly faster.
Speedpedal entspannt / ease up
Always bear in mind that the tendency of any glider to collapse will increase with higher speeds because the angle of attack is reduced. Return immediately to normal-speed flight if you are not completely comfortable.
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
If you activate the speed system, the lengths of the various risers are altered in relation to each other. This reduces the angle of attack, and consequently the drag and lift, which causes the glider to fly faster until a stable point of flying is reached again at a higher speed.
It is possible that the leading edge will vibrate slightly or become misshapen at higher speed, but this is no cause for concern. If you are flying at speed ease off the speed bar to avoid a collapse if there is any deformation in the leading edge, if the A-risers ease or if your legs sense reduced pressure in the speed bar. Never use the speed system close to the ground or in turbulence. In particular, just before landing, it is much safer to fly backwards than to fly at full speed if there is ground turbulence. Glider collapses occur more frequently at speed, the glider reacts more quickly and more experience is required to bring the glider back under control. If your paraglider collapses at speed, release the speed bar immediately and use the brakes to regain control of the glider.
Altering the brake lines
Speedpedal 1. Stufe / 1. step
Unfortunately brake lines are often altered but this is not permitted according to the DHV and not recommended under any circumstances, as there can be serious drawbacks. When we manufacture a paraglider, we set the brakes to the optimal length and obtain certification. Shortening or lengthening the brake lines affects extreme flying and noticeably worsens performance, especially when flying at speed. Lengthening the brake lines also has a detrimental effect on handling. We therefore strongly advise that you do not alter the length of the brake lines.
Speedpedal 2. Stufe / 2. step
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Quick descent Never let go of the brakes during the following manoeuvres - you will then be able to react immediately if any problems arise during these moves,
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
which are demanding at the best of times. You are probably already familiar with several rapid descent methods.
‘Big ears’ The best descent method is big ears because only the wing loading and the sink rate increase and no stall occurs. Sufficient forward speed is maintained and reduced manoeuvrability is possible through weight-shifting.
The sink rate is not as high as with other descent methods, but maintaining forward motion allows you to fly out of a lift band. The FORM 3 has a split A-riser system. This makes big ears easier because you do not need to spend time looking for the right A-risers. To carry out this manoeuvre, grab the outside A-risers and pull them down towards you. The sink rate and forward velocity can be increased by using the speed system. This is a very stable flying position. You will only be able to turn the glider by weight-shifting. The sink rate increases to approximately 4-5 m/s. To return to normal flight, simply release the A-risers, ease off the speed system and the glider should re-inflate. If this does not happen, then a short sharp pump on the brakes will help. Be careful not to brake for too long – this can cause a stall. WARNING! You should not use ‘big ears’ during spiral dives. This can overload parts of your equipment. The FORM 3 must not be flown with constant brake when big-ears are applied (risk of stall).
‚big ears‘
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Spiral dives
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
Spiralen Spiral dives
During the spiral, we strongly recommend that you do not panic and try to continue breathing. Do not exceed a vertical speed of -14 m/s. To exit, use weight-shifting and simultaneously brake against the direction of the spiral. Leave the spiral gently over 1-2 turns. A further significant disadvantage of this descent method is that in many cases you are not able to leave the lift band or you are carried off course by the wind.
Applying the brake progressively and continuously and weight-shifting on one side will increase bank angle and bring you into a spiral dive. This will take 1-2 turns. Make sure that you do not stall because of braking 1 too strongly on one side, which would result in a flat spin.
To recover from a spiral dive, slowly release the brake. The FORM 3 has very restrained roll and pitch behaviour, but if you release the brake too quickly in a spiral dive, the wing will roll out rap-
Spiralen Spiral dives
idly and start a short climb to reduce the higher speed. You should then be prepared for the glider to surge forward as a result and to control it with the brakes. This method is only tested by DHV test pilots to sink rates up to 14 m/s. In this range you will have no problems with the FORM 3. However, you can reach sink rates well over 15 m/s and acceleration above 3g which is not permitted and puts you at serious risk. The centrifugal forces will put stress on both the glider and your body especially if you make many revolutions one after the other. There is also a danger of losing spatial orientation. With speeds over 100 km/h brake line forces will be very high and you may no longer be able to weight-shift, causing a stable spiral from which you cannot easily exit.
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Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
B-line stall
Extreme flying
The B-line stall is another efficient descent method. This gives you a sink rate of 6-9 m/s. Check the airspace below and behind you before pulling a
You may find yourself in the following situations despite your best intentions due to turbulence or because you have over-reacted. We
B-line stall. To begin, grab the B-risers at the line connections.
are therefore describing them but strongly advise that you only try them with competent supervision over water so that you learn to control them properly.
While holding both brakes firmly in your hands, pull the B-risers down symmetrically and progressively until you pass the first marked point of resistance and the glider loses speed. Hold this position. The glider will stop and partially deflate before stabilising over your head.
This can happen if you are flying in turbulent air but is usually no problem with the FORM 3 3, since it normally recovers immediately from a collapse up to a half span without any pilot input.
To recover, release the B-risers back to their normal position evenly over a period of one second. We recommend that you do not let the B-risers ‘snap’ out – this puts severe stress on the fabric, seams and lines. See the section below on ‘extreme flying’ for what you should do if you go into a deep stall (which would be unusual).
If the FORM 3 does not immediately recover and begins to rotate, brake slightly on the side of the glider which is still open. Control the flight direction in this manner, particularly if you are near any obstacles. Apply strong sharp pumps with the brake on the closed side to accelerate recovery.
The disadvantage of the B-stall descent method is the fact that the airflow over the glider stops completely and you remain in the lift. Even though the FORM 3 does behave very well in this particular
Big collapses more than half the wing span will cause the glider to swing forward and rotate. Too much brake on the side which is still open can cause a complete stall. Braking slightly, let the wing move
manoeuvre, it puts unusual stress on the fabric and is therefore not recommended.
forward to recover the normal angle of attack. Do not force the wing to stay in a vertical position overhead or to re-inflate immediately. It takes time to recover from this manoeuvre.
B-Line Stall
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Collapses
Frontal stall A frontal stall can occur for the same reasons that a collapse does. With a frontal stall, the middle section of the leading edge collapses more or less sym-
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
metrically. A strong frontal stall causes the glider to slow down immediately. It should then immediately recover. Recovery may be helped by about 50% brakes. Use to brakes to control any tendency the glider has to surge forward.
Frontal Stall
Deep (parachutal) stall The FORM 3 is difficult to put into a deep stall and will not remain in one unless the brakes are applied or have been altered (which is not permitted). If it does happen, then the annual inspection is certainly overdue. If you notice that the glider no longer has any forward speed, e.g. if you no longer feel any wind on your face, then you must immediately release the brakes so the wing can swing forward and the air Collapses
will flow over the glider again. If this does not happen automatically or happens too slowly, then push the A-risers forward and you will notice that you start moving forward. You will feel the wind in your face once again.
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Asymmetric stalls and flat spins An asymmetric stall occurs if you are flying close to minimum speed and pull down too much on one
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
side or if you brake very quickly on one side when you are in level flight with no brakes e.g. to avoid a collision. Immediately release both brakes as soon as you notice the braked part of the glider starting to rotate backwards and beginning to spin. The glider will then immediately regain normal flight. Use the brakes to control the glider if it surges.
Full stall This will not occur if the FORM 3 is handled correctly. It only happens if both brakes are applied fully and held for several seconds. The glider will then quickly deflate and suddenly stop flying. It is very important in this situation to remain calm. Don’t release the brakes suddenly because you will also swing backwards while the glider starts to fly forwards. You must not release the brakes until the glider has stabilised above you. Only then should you release the brakes evenly and slowly (count 21-22-23 as you do this). Use the brakes to control the glider when you feel it swing forward and start flying again.
Be careful! Try out this manoeuvre carefully, because at more than 90° it becomes a flat spin .
WARNING! We advise you not to carry out the following manoeuvres intentionally.
Flat spin This will not occur if the FORM 3 is handled correctly. A flat spin occurs if you pull down one brake continually and stall that side of the glider. When recovering from an asymmetric stall, the glider will rotate quickly around its axis. If this happens, immediately release both brakes (hands up!). Use the brakes for control if the glider then surges forward. You can also stop rotation with both brakes and release the full stall symmetrically.
Full-Stall
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Folding your glider There are many ways to fold up a glider and we would like to give you a few tips. When you are folding up the glider, you should already be thinking
We recommend the following standard method. You can do it either alone or with someone to help and it is simple and efficient. Spread the glider out flat on the ground, sort the lines out and throw them onto the glider. Then fold each wing tip into the middle of the glider, so that next time you launch, you only have to pull on the stabiliser lines and the wing will unroll. Then roll both sides from the outside towards the middle. Put both sides on top of each other and roll from the trailing edge to the leading edge so that any air remaining can escape. You will then be able to spread the glider out again very quickly. There is another more careful method which will avoid folds at the leading edge. Gather up the cells one by one towards the centre and then roll it up from the trailing edge to the leading edge. Don’t roll it up too tightly because the material now used to make paragliders is intended to be flown not to be folded up. The glider must be dry – so don’t leave it lying on the grass for too long because condensation forms very quickly on non-porous fabric. If you need to fold up your glider while it is wet, unpack it again and dry it in a shady and dry place within 24 hours. It then doesn’t matter when you intend to fly again.
Caring for your paraglider
Cleaning
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
about the next time you will fly. When will that be - in half an hour, or three months?
Take good care of your glider so that you can enjoy using it for longer. It is very important if you wish to sell it that it is in good condition with a complete service record.
The FORM 3 should only be cleaned with water, or a weak soap solution if it is very dirty. Cow pats, tar or oil spots are difficult to remove without damaging the fabric’s coating – so avoid roads and paddocks with grazing cattle. Salt, sand or snow crystals can also damage the fabric, as can sharp objects. Don’t drag the glider around in the snow unnecessarily and wash it immediately with fresh water if it comes into contact with salt water. Remember that sea air and sandy beaches are also very salty.
Repairs Consult a XIX specialist if your glider is damaged. We offer an efficient repair service so that you will have your glider back as quickly as possible. Major repairs must be carried out by experts. Minor damage caused by, e.g., landing in a tree, must also be attended to by an expert because there may be damage which is not immediately visible.
Storage Your FORM 3 should be stored in a cool, dry and dark place, away from chemicals, paints, petrol and the like. If the glider gets wet, dry it out thoroughly, once again in a dry and dark place, if you will then be storing it for longer than 24 hours. Ultra-violet light is the fabric’s biggest enemy and its life is related directly to UV exposure.
Check the wing for damage to the fabric and lines whenever you fly. In addition to your own regular checks, after you have had the glider for two years, it should be checked by a XIX authorised and certified dealer every year or at least every 100 flight hours.
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XIX BackPack “Delux plus” Compression system Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
You will find that you accumulate more and more equipment. We suggest you adopt the following packing system to maintain both comfort and the amount of equipment: Packing First the glider, then the harness with the seat on the top. Pack your helmet, gloves, flight instruments and flying suit between the glider and the seat
Compression Stage1 The air is expelled from the back protector using the side compression straps.
Compression Stage 2 Expel the air from the upper part of the protector by pulling down the straps to close the pack. This will turn a 160 liter pack into an 8o liter sack. Volume is reduced by > 50% and at the same time you have a comfortable and stable backpack.
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Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
15
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Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
Contact details XIX GmbH Arbonerstr.6 CH-9302 KRONBÜHL Tel.: 0041 (0)71/298 02 02 Fax: 0041 (0)71/298 22 02 Mobile: 0041 (0)79 / 422 22 13 Visit us on the net! www.xix.ch Our e-mail address
[email protected]
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Type
Size:
3 Serial number:
XIX GmbH Delivery: Date
Sign
Dealer: Date
Sign
XIX GmbH Arbonerstrasse 6 , CH-9302 Kronbühl Telefon +41 71 298 02 02 Fax +41 71 298 22 02 www.xix.ch,
[email protected]
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3 Years of Warranty
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
Warranty certificate
Extent of the Guarantee
2. This guarantee is valid for all paragliders with DHV or AFNOR certification that are used for leisure flights. It does not include paragliders which are used for educational or professional purposes. The following points are also excluded from the guarantee: a) Colour fading from the fabric. b) Damage by solvents, fuel, chemicals, sand or seawater. c) Accidental damage before, during and after the flight caused by accidents and emergency situations. d) Damage caused by negligence. e) Damage caused by Force Majeure.
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
1. XIX guarantees for this glider for 3 years or 300 flight hours, whichever comes first. A customer may request that the warranty be extended if a paraglider is more than three years old but it is clear that it has been used for fewer than 300 flight hours, and the customer has justified concerns about the ageing of one or more parts. This guarantee covers failures caused by material or production problems for which XIX is responsible.
Any claim under the warranty, which is accepted, will be handled as follows: 1. If a warranty claim is accepted for a glider which is less than 6 months old and which has been used for fewer than 50 hours, it will be replaced by a new glider at no charge. 2. If a warranty claim is accepted for a glider which is more than 6 months old or which has had more use, it will be replaced by a used glider which is either at least equal in value to, or better than, the original glider. 3. The customer also has the option of acquiring a new glider if an appropriate amount is paid to make up the difference in value. However XIX reserves the right to exchange the glider for a used glider (see 2 above) as its first option.
Good faith XIX is under no obligation beyond those described above. It is possible, however, that it will make a good faith settlement.
Terms of Guarantee 1. The Warranty Card must be filled out correctly and has be be shown in case of warranty. 2. Every flight, including duration and flight area, has to be recorded completely and without exception in an official flight book. 3. The paraglider is to be used and maintained in accordance with the instructions that are part of the paraglider manual and other documents. This includes in particular careful drying, cleaning and storage of the paraglider. 4. All prescribed checks and repairs are to be carried out exclusively by XIX or by technical aviation companies that have been explicitly charged with such repairing or checking by XIX. Every modification or repair has to be documented completely and correctly according the guidelines issued by XIX. 5. The paraglider must be unmistakably identified and checked for compliance with the guarantee card.
Warranty 19
Inspection control sheet
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
After 200 flights, or two years, whichever comes first, your XIX paraglider must be inspected by XIX or an authorized XIX service center. Failure to do this will void the glider certification and warranty. While many glider service centers can carry out inspections and repairs, we recommend that you confirm that the service center has been authorized by XIX. Additional inspections should be carried out if: * the glider has been exposed to mechanical damage (landing in trees etc). * you have lent the glider to someone else. * the glider no longer “feels right”. * you become aware of wear and tear due to heavy use. * you would like to sell the glider. (Better resale value).
NOTE:
This is a translation from the German
version. If there is any discrepancy between the German and English texts, the German text shall govern.
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3
Type and size of Glider:
Inspection Flight
1. Inspection
Have to be made from your flight school or dealer. Date:
Date:
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
Serial Number:
Comment: Comment: Signature/Service Center: Signature/Service Center:
2. Inspection
3. Inspection
Date:
Date:
Comment:
Comment:
Signature/Service Center:
Signature/Service Center:
4. Inspection
5. Inspection
Date:
Date:
Comment:
Comment:
Signature/Service Center:
Signature/Service Center:
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Size S DHV GS-01-1261-04 Size M DHV GS-01-1233-04 Size L DHV GS-01-1248-04
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
DHV Testreport FORM 3 S/M/L
Manöver
Size
Weight
Remarks
Winch towing
L/M /S
min_max
yes
Speed system?
L/M /S
min_max
yes
Trimmers?
L/M /S
min_max
No
Take-off
L/M /S
min_max
1_1 / 1_1 / 1-2_1-2
Inflation
L/M/S
min_max
evenly, immediately
Lift-off speed
L/M/S
min_max
rises immediately overhead
Lift-off speed
L/M/S
min_max
average
Take-off behavior overall
L/M/S
min_max
easy / easy / average
Level flight
L/M/S
min_max
1-2
Roll damping
L/M/S
min_max
average
Turn behavior
L/M/S
min_max
1-2
Spin tendency
L/M/S
min_max
low
Control travel
L/M/S
min_max
average
Agility
L/M/S
min_max
average
Symmetric stall
L/M /S
min
2 / 2 / 1-2
L/M /S
max
1-2 / 2 / 1-2
L/M
min / min_max
early< 60 cm
L/S
max / min_max
average 60 cm - 75 cm
L/M
min / min_max
early< 60 cm
L/S
max / min_max
average 65 cm - 80 cm
Control pressure increase
L/M/S
min_max
average
Symmetric tuck
L/M/S
min_max
2
Tendency to shoot forward
L/M/S
min_max
average
Opening behavior
L/M/S
min_max
spontaneous, delayed
Asymmetric tuck
L/M/S
min_max
2_2 / 2_2 / 1-2 _ 2
Turn
L/M/S
min_max
180 - 360 degrees / do / 90 - 180 degrees
Overall turn
L/M/S
min_max
180 - 360 degrees / do / 90 - 180 degrees
Rate of turn
L/M
min_max
average
S
min_max
average slowing down
L/M/S
max/min_max /max
more than 45 degrees
L/S
min
Loss of altitude
L/M/S
min_max
average
Stabilization
L/M/S
min_max
spontaneous
L/M
min_max
spontaneous, fast
S
min_max
spontaneous, delayed
Deep stall limit
Full stall limit
Max. roll or pitch angle
Opening behavior
22
less than 45 degrees
L/M/S
min-max
1-2
Stabilization
L/M/S
min_max
counter-steering easy
Control travel
L/M/S
min_max
average
Control pressure increase
L/M/S
min_max
average / high
Opposite turn
L/M/S
min_max
easy, no tendency to stall
L/M
min_max
spontaneous, fast
S
min_max
spontaneous, delayed
Full stall, symmetric exit
L/M/S
min_max
1-2 _ 2 / 1-2 _ 1-2 / 2 _ 2
Spin at trim speed
L/M/S
min_max
1-2 _ 2 / 1-2 _ 1-2 / 2 _ 2
Spin in stationary turn
L/M/S
min_max
1-2
Spiral dive
L/M/S
min_max
1-2 / 2
L/M
min_max
average
S
min_max
easy
L/M/S
min-max
low
L/M
min_max
turn < 180 degrees
S
min_max
turn > 360 degrees
Sink speed [m/s]
L/M/S
min_max
8/8/7-8
B-Stall
L/M/S
min_max
1 / 1 / 1-2
Entry
L/M/S
min_max
easy
Exit
L/M/S
min_max
spontaneous
Big ears
L/M/S
min_max
1 _ 1-2 / 1 _ 1 / 1-2 _ 1-2
Entry
L/M/S
min_max
easy
Exit
L/M/S
min_max
spontaneous, quickly
Landing
L/M/S
min_max
1_1 / 1_1 / 1-2_ 1-2
Landing behavior
L/M/S
min_max
easy
Symmetric tuck (accelerated)
L/M/S
min_max
2
Tendency to shoot forward
L/M/S
min_max
average
Opening behavior
L/M/S
min_max
spontaneous, delayed
Asymmetric tuck (accelerated)
L/M/S
min_max
2
L/M
min_max
180-360 degrees
S
min_max
90-180 degrees
L/M
min_max
180-360 degrees
S
min_max
90-180 degrees
L/M
min-max
high with deceleration
S
min_max
average with deceleration
Max. roll- or turn angle
L/M/S
min_max
more than 45 degrees
Loss of altitude
L/M/S
min_max
durchschnittlich
Stabilization
L/M/S
min_max
average
L/M
min_max
spontaneous, quickly
S
min_max
spontaneous, delayed
‘Big ears’, accelerated
L/M/S
min_max
1_ 1-2 / 1_1 / 1-2_ 1-2
Entry
L/M/S
min_max
easy
Exit
L/M/S
min_max
spontaneous, quickly
Opening behavior
Entry
Spin tendency Exit
Turn
Overall turn
Rate of turn
Opening behavior
Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
Asymm. tuck counter-steering
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Owners Manual XIX FORM 3
3
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