Technical Approval 2/04-1071 Supersedes Technical Approval 2/02-898

Bardage rapporté External wall cladding Vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassadenbekleidung

Only certified production, holding the CSTBat label, can exploit this Technical Approval. The up-to-date list can be consulted on the Internet at the following address : www.cstb.fr Section:

Building Products Certification

PITERAK Holder:

TERREAL 47, Rue Louis Blanc F-92400 Courbevoie Tel.: (33) 1 49 97 20 30 Fax: (33) 1 49 97 20 56 Internet: www.terrealfacade.com

Factory:

TERREAL 31250 Revel

Distributor:

TERREAL

Ave Normandie Niemen Antipolis – Bâtiment B – BP 13 F-31701 Blagnac Cedex

Commission in charge of issuing Technical Approvals (Decree of December 2, 1969) Specialised Group no. 2 Constructions, façades and light partitions Presented for registration on May 28, 2004

Secretariat of the Technical Approval Commission CSTB, 4, Avenue du Recteur-Poincaré, 75782 Paris Cedex 16 Tel.: 01 40 50 28 28 - Fax: 01 45 25 61 51 - Internet: www.cstb.fr

The Technical Approvals are published by the Technical Approval Secretariat, provided by CSTB. The authenticated versions are available free of charge on CSTB's Internet site (http://www.cstb.fr)

 CSTB 2002

Specialised Group No. 2 "Constructions, façades and light partitions" of the Commission in Charge of Issuing Technical Approvals, examined on January 27, 2004, the PITERAK external wall-cladding system, submitted by the TERREAL company. The Group issued the following Technical Approval for this system. The Approval is only valid for productions bearing the CSTBat Certificate accompanying the Approval, issued by CSTB. This Approval is formulated for applications in European France. 1. Brief description of the system 1.1 Brief description

The wind performance of the replacement parts has not been assessed.

2.2 Assessment of the system

External wall cladding system, based on double wall terracotta panels, laid with overlap, by of non-visible clips on an aluminium framing, fixed to the bearing structure.

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General technical features:

The outside wall cladding does not participate in the functions of load transmission, bracing or resistance to severe impacts. These functions are performed by the supporting structure.

• Dimensions of the cladding panels (thickness x height x width in mm) - 40 x 217 x 1400 (3 hollows), - 40 x 267 x 1400 (4 hollows). • Thickness of the walls: 10 to 12 mm. • Surface weight: 56 to 57 kg/m². • The cladding products are positioned horizontally with open joints, and continuous vertically. • Colours : Red orange, Pink, Champagne, Pearl Grey, Chocolate Brown and Ebony. Finishes: smooth, sandfaced and grooved.

1.2 Identification of the cladding panels The PITERAK external wall cladding has been granted a CSTBat Certificate and can be identified by a marking in compliance with Appendix 3 of the Special CSTBat Certification Rules, attached to the Technical Approvals of cladding, insulating cladding products, conventional cladding products and includes. This includes: • On the product: - The CSTBat logo, - The production batch identification reference, - The production factory reference. • On the pallets: - The CSTBat logo, - The system name, accompanied by the number of the Technical Approval to which it is attached, - The certificate number with the machine reference and the last three digits of the Technical Approval number. In addition to compliance with the Rules, the marking includes: • On the product: - The manufacturer's name, - The factory address, - The shift code, - The surface pattern of the visible face. • On the pallets: - The name of the manufacturer and the address of the factory, - The colour and surfacing of the visible face, - The dimensions, - The quantities,

Usability

Stability

The stability of the cladding on that structure is properly provided within the accepted application field.

Fire safety The system constitutes no obstacle to compliance with Regulations. The checks to be carried out (in particular with relation to the so-called "C + D" rule, including for buildings already in service) shall take the following technical characteristics into account: • Fire reaction rating of the cladding panels alone: M0, • The combustible mass of the mineral wools used is negligible with relation to the requirement levels.

Stability in Seismic areas System response to seismic tests has not been evaluated.

Prevention of accidents during installation Such prevention can generally be provided.

Thermal insulation The system complies with regulations applicable to new constructions.

Thermal calculation information The thermal calculation data are given in the document "General guidelines for design and installation of metal framing and heat insulation of external wall cladding covered by a Technical Approval or by a traditionality certificate" CSTB Book 3194 – January-February 2000.

Tightness Airtightness: This is a function of the supporting wall. Watertightness: this is satisfactorily provided in the field by the overlap of the horizontal joints between adjacent cladding panels, given the necessary verticality of the structure and given the presence of the air layer and, at irregular points, by shield profiles. Type XIII walls can be made with the system as described in "General guidelines for the use of systems of heat insulation from the outside, covered by a Technical Approval" (CSTB Book 1833, March 1983). The supporting walls shall comply with the specification in Chapters 2 and 4 of this document.

Additional useful information The behaviour under horizontal static load in service (pressure from a ladder, for example) is satisfactory.

2. APPROVAL

Since the replacement method proposed in the Technical File makes it possible to fairly easily perform an one-for-one replacement, the performances (D0.5/1J – M3/20J and M50/130J) correspond to exposure rating Q3 according to Standard P 08-302.

2.1 Accepted field of application

Nevertheless, "easy replacement" mentioned above requires that replacement cladding elements be available on the construction site.

- The customer's name.

• Installation on vertical flat substrates of coated masonry or of concrete, new or already in service, sheer or containing wall openings, located in upper storeys and on ground floors, corresponding to exposure class Q3 in compliance with Standard P08 302. • Wind exposure corresponding to positive or negative pressures under regular winds with maximum strengths as follows: - Cladding panels 217 x 1400 mm: 2000 Pa, - Cladding panels 267 x 1400 mm: 1600 Pa.

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The bearing wall's durability is improved by the installation of this cladding, particularly in the case of associated thermal insulation. By application of the attribution rules, defined in the document "reVETIR rating of systems for thermal insulation of façades from the outside", the system is rated as follows: r2 e4 V3 E3 T1+ I4 R4

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2.22 Durability - Maintenance The durability of the system's own components and their compatibility makes it possible to estimate that this external wall cladding will present a satisfactory durability, equivalent to that of traditional cladding of terracotta components. The replacement of an accidentally damaged cladding element, independently from the adjacent cladding panels, is possible using a standard element.

2.23 Manufacture and quality assurance The manufacture of the cladding products is covered by comprehensive self-inspection regularly monitored by CSTB, making it possible to properly provide constant quality. The manufacturer displaying this Technical Approval must be able to present a CSTBat Certificate, issued by CSTB, proving the regularity and the satisfactory result of the monitoring, supplemented by the check tests carried out by CSTB on products sampled during inspection visits. Products holding a valid certificate can be identified by the presence on the panels of the CSTBat logo, followed by the identification number. Inspections of the fixing clips at acceptance and during production, as they are performed, are appropriate to ensuring constant quality.

• Compartmenting the air layer The air layer shall be compartmented at the angle of adjacent walls; this partitioning, made using a durable material (galvanised steel sheet Z 275 or aluminium, for example), will need to be precise, all the way up the cladding, to prevent any air coming in at the sides. The air layer thickness shall be at least 20 mm.

Conclusions Overall evaluation For the productions of PITERAK components holding a CSTBat Certificate, issued by CSTB, the use of the system in the proposed field is assessed favourably.

Validity Until January 31, 2007

For Specialised Group no. 2 The Chairman JP. GORDY

The regularity, the effectiveness and the conclusions of the production monitoring of the clips are regularly verified by CSTB.

2.24 Procurement The components supplied by Terreal include the cladding products with their fixing clips and the aluminium profiles. All other products are directly procured by the contractor in compliance with the description that is provided in the Technical File.

2.25 Installation This cladding is installed without any particular difficulty, beginning with a prior survey of the substrate, a layout plan of the cladding components and of the additional profiles, along with compliance with the installation guidelines (Technical Specification Book). Terreal provides its technical assistance when requested by the installing contractor.

2.3 Technical Specification Book 2.31 Design and installation guidelines • Metal frame The installation of the flanged aluminium frame shall comply with the instructions found in the document "General guidelines for design and installation of metal framing and thermal insulation of external wall cladding covered by a Technical Approval or by a traditionality certificate" (CSTB Book 3194 – January-February 2000), supplemented by the following instructions:

3. Additional notes from the Specialised group The system's main components are made from materials of well-known and satisfactory durability (aluminium frame, stainless steel clips and frost-resistant terracotta cladding panels). Special care shall be taken for the design of the supporting frame (esp. brackets and anchors fastening the frame to the bearing wall), given the substantial surface weight of this cladding system (≈ 60 kg/m²), particularly when applying extra-thick thermal insulation. This aluminium frame, with its flanged design, shall be the subject of a calculation and design note for each project, prepared by the installation contractor firm and approved by the holder (Terreal). As to wind resistance, the admissible values mentioned for the effects of positive and negative pressures take into account a safety coefficient of 3.5 on the failure value, which is determined by the opening of the clips and by the loosening of the panels. This Approval is subject to a CSTBat procedure certification covering the PITERAK cladding panels.

The Rapporteur of Specialised Group no. 2 K. MORCANT

- The co-planarity of the uprights shall be checked between adjacent uprights, with a maximal admissible space of 2 mm. - The admissible strength of the clip under vertical loads to take in account shall correspond to a deformation under load of 1 mm. • Layout plan "Bridging" junctions between bearing profiles using cladding panels is prohibited.

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Technical File prepared by the requester • Expansion due to humidity < 1.6 mm/m,

A. Description

• No bursting of grains > 10 mm, • No cracks on the front side of the panels, • No cracks > 15 mm on the back side,

1. Presentation The PITERAK is an external wall cladding system, using large hollow terracotta cladding panels, positioned horizontally and held at their ends by stainless steel clips fastened to support profiles fixed to the bearing wall.

• No spalls > 1 cm² on the front side.

3.2 Fixing clips (See fig. 4)

In most cases, additional insulation is placed between the bearing wall and the cladding. This insulation is ventilated by an air layer, circulating between the insulation and the back of the cladding panels.

Referred to simply as clips in the rest of this document, they are of two types: one for the standard panel (See fig. 4.1) and one for the top edge or for the replacement procedure (See fig. 4.2). These clips, sold by TERREAL, are made of stainless steel, grade X5CrNi 18-10, and th are 15/10 mm thick.

2. Materials

The clips are made by press-forming a stainless steel sheet, which has first been stamp-formed by specific tooling.

• Terracotta for the production of the panels.

The standard clip (See fig. 4.1), 65 mm high and 75 mm wide, consists of:

• Waterproofing compound to treat the surface of the cladding parts, applied in the factory after firing. • Stainless steel clips, grade X5 Cr Ni 18-10 (1.4301) according to Standard EN 10-088. • Extruded profiles of aluminium alloy EN AW 6060 T6 complying to Standard NF EN 755. • Stainless steel screws.

• At the top, a plate dimensions 15 x 75 mm, with 4 holes diameter 5.5 mm, for fixing the clip to the uprights. Used both for fixing the right end and the left end of the Piterak cladding panel. • In the middle, a protruding part, curved upward, dimensions 15 x 22 mm, designed to fit into the V-shaped groove located on the underside of the Piterak panel. • In the bottom, a tongue folded downward, dimensions 15 x 19 mm, which makes it possible to hook on and hold the Piterak panel by locking into the 11.2 mm wide space between the tongue and the body of the clip.

• Metal shield section.

3. Components

The top clip (See fig. 4.2), height 36.5 mm and width 75 mm, consists of:

3.1 PITERAK (See fig. 1 to 3) (Standard and angle PITERAK) PITERAK are cladding panels, thickness 4 cm, maximal length 140 cm and minimal installation length 30 cm. They come in 2 heights: • Height 21.7 cm with 3 hollows (See fig. 1), • Height 26.7 cm with 4 hollows (See fig. 2). Angle panels (right and left) are made by sawing at 45° along of the height of standard panels' ends (see Fig. 3).

• At the top, a plate dimensions 16.5 x 75 mm, with 4 holes diameter 5.5 mm, allowing to fix the clip to the uprights, both on the right end and on the left end of the Piterak panel. • At the bottom, a tongue folded downward, dimensions 16 x 16 mm, allowing to hook on and hold the PITERAK panel by fitting its upper part into the 11 mm wide space between the tongue and the body of the clip. The top clip is also used for the replacement of panels (see § 9.2).

Technical characteristics

3.3 Support profiles (See fig. 5)

PITERAK panels meet the specifications of Standards NF P 13-304 and NF EN ISO 10545 (relating to their physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics), NF EN 539-2 Method C with sub-atmospheric pressure of 300mm Hg relating to frost resistance..

There are two types of profiles: the standard profile (see figure 5.1) to install standard PITERAK panels, and the angle profile (see figure 5.2) to install angle. They also constitute the additional supports upon which PITERAK panels are clipped, and their shape allows to drain water away.

Dimensional, appearance and installation characteristics are listed in table below:

Other technical characteristics • No persistent efflorescence, • Water absorption between 6% and 10%, according to Standard NF P 13-304

These sections, sold by TERREAL in height 3 m and thickness 3 mm, are made of raw aluminium grade EN AW 6060 T6 in accordance with Standard NF EN 755. They are graduated every 10 mm to facilitate the adjustment levels during installation and the positioning of the PITERAK panels. They present a rod all the way up which helps to perfectly block the fixing clips.

Table 1: Dimensions h x th x W

Colour

Surface

Red orange, Pink, Champagne, Pearl Grey, Chocolate Brown and Ebony

Sandfaced

Red orange, Pink, Champagne, Pearl Grey, Chocolate Brown and Ebony

Sandfaced

(cm) 21.7 x 4 x 140

26.7 x 4 x 140

Weight (kg / unit)

Number of clips Weight (*) Quantity (*) Standard (kg/m²) (number/m²) Standard Right (*) Left (*)

Smooth 15.4

56

3.6

3.6/m²

3.6/m²

19.5

57

2.9

2.9/m²

2.9/m²

Grooved Smooth Grooved

h = height; th = thickness; W = width (*) Quantities calculated for 10 mm vertical joints and 12 mm horizontal joints.

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The standard profile is U-shaped, dimensions 146 x 46 mm. The angle section is square, dimensions 69 x 69 mm.

3.4 Fixing clips The clips of the PITERAK panels are fastened on the aluminium profiles using self-tapping stainless steel screws Ø 5.5 x 22 mm, of pullout resistance Pk equal to 1500 N at least (determined in compliance with Standards NFP 30-310 or 30-314).

5.3 Inspection of finished products By production run and random sampling once per week • On cladding parts according to Standard NFP 13-304 - Check on water absorption, - Check on conventional expansion under humidity, - Check for efflorescence,

4. Production 4.1 Producing the PITERAK panels The PITERAK panels are produced in the factory at Revel (31250 REVEL).

4.11 Raw materials The raw clays come from the ST PAPOUL quarry, located about ten kilometres north of Castelnaudary.

- Check for bursting.

By production run and random sampling once per quarter • On cladding parts according to Standard NFP 31-301 - Checking frost resistance.

By production run and random sampling - Checking dimensions.

The materials are poured into various reception hoppers, equipped with lump breakers. When they come out of the hoppers, they are brought by conveyor belt to the completely automated grinding station. Finely ground, the various materials are then placed in separate silos. At the base of the silos, dispensers with pallets proportion the various materials for the desired blend and pour them on the collector conveyor belt that brings them to the production site. addition

On all cladding panels

4.12 Production process

Certified values

• Grinding (rocking grinder) in order to obtain dry clay as fine as possible,

- Check of the visual aspect.

By production run and random sampling once per week - Checking bending strength according to Standard XP B 10-601.

Types of PITERAK

Bending strength (daN)

- Addition of grog of controlled particle size,

21.7 x 4 x 58 cm

160 (before and after freezing)

- Addition DOLOMITE, FELDSPAR and BARIUM CARBONATE,

26.7 x 4 x 58 cm

200 (before and after freezing)

- Blending by electronic weighing of the materials. • Wetting the blend, • Moulding and extrusion by drawing the clay paste (with monitoring of the drawing pressure and of the humidity), • The products are cut and handled to enter the compartmented dryer (automatically monitored), • After drying, the products are stacked on carriages, • The products are then fired in intermittent kilns (4), the operation of which is entirely automatically controlled (firing stage duration: about 28 hours), • After firing, the products are conveyed on a line where a surface treatment is applied by spraying, • After surface treatment, the products are conveyed to a storage area where they will be sawn and packed.

5.4 Acceptance inspection of clips Standard and top clips are inspected at the TERREAL factory of Revel by checking the analysis sheets and technical information sheets transmitted by the supplier, and this is done at each delivery. These analysis sheets and technical information sheets shall comply with technical specifications.

5.5 Acceptance inspection of profiles Standard and angle profiles are inspected at the TERREAL factory of Revel by checking the analysis sheets and technical information sheets transmitted by the supplier, and this is done at each delivery. These analysis sheets and technical information sheets shall comply with the specifications.

4.2 Making the clips

6. Procurement

The clips are made by PEYRE SA (31 TOULOUSE) using stainless th steel, 15/10 mm thick (nickel chromium austenitic steel type: X5 Cr Ni 18-10 no. 14301 stainless steel 304).

The components supplied by TERREAL include the PITERAK panels (standard and angle types), the clips and the profiles.

4.3 Profile manufacturing The framing profiles are made by TECHNAL (31 TOULOUSE), using aluminium 6060R20.

5. Quality Assurance 5.1 Quality assurance with raw materials The manufacturer's compliance certificate with analysis sheet for each batch, in compliance with the Specifications, includes: • Clay and sand particle size, • Blend: particle size, • Waterproofing: pH.

5.2 Production monitoring • Production parameters, • Dimensions before drying (wet), • Water content of the blend after drying (once each day), • Dimensions after drying (once each day), • Visual aspect after drying (all the parts).

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All other parts, i.e. fastening elements, insulation panels and pressformed steel sheet shield profiles are directly procured by the installer, in compliance with the description which is provided to it in this document.

7. Identifying the PITERAK panels Identification is to comply with § 1.2 « Identification » of the Approval.

8. Installation 8.1 Installation organisation TERREAL does not do any installing itself. However, it has an Engineering Department which, when requested by the installing contracting firm, can provide technical assistance, both when designing a project and when starting up its execution.

8.2 Field of application The system is applicable on flat and vertical substrates, sheer or containing wall openings, made of: • cast concrete of ordinary aggregates, • traditional coated masonry work.

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8.3 General installation guidelines

8.52 Re-entrant angles (see fig. 9)

8.31 Layout plan

Re-entrant angles are dealt with using the following parts:

It is recommended that a layout plan be prepared in advance so as to pin-point the irregular points and identify where cut-outs are to be made. The modular increment of the layout depends on the value of the free vertical joint (between 2 PITERAK panels), decided upon by the engineering firms and by the architects, variable from 10 to 20 mm. The width of the horizontal joint between PITERAK panels, established by the vertical layout of 20 cm for the Piterak of 21.7 cm and 25 cm for the Piterak of 26.7 cm, is to be from 10 to 14 mm.

8.32 Cut-outs on PITERAK panels The contracting firm will need to have a water-sawing table and be equipped with a sawing disk for ceramic material. According to the layout, the PITERAK panels can only be sawn perpendicularly to their length.

8.33 Fixing the support profiles to the wall It is mandatory that the installation contractor firm plan the method for fixing the support profiles, based on the type of wall or framing (parts that may be hollow, solid, new, old,…), to determine, with the help of manufacturer of the fasteners: • The type of fixing part which is appropriate, • The on-centre of the fixing of the support profiles, taking into account the weight of the PITERAK system, the wind effects on the site, the admissible pull-out strength of the fixing parts. • The support profiles which provide the stability of the PITERAK system are fixed to the wall by fixing brackets, making it possible to adjust the verticality of the framing, in compliance with the specifications of CSTB Book 3194. The installation of the metal frame and of thermal insulation shall comply with the instructions in document « General guidelines for design and installation of metal framing and heat insulation of external wall cladding covered by a Technical Approval or by a traditionality certificate » (CSTB Book 3194).

8.4 Installing field PITERAK panels (see figures 6 and 7) The PITERAK panels are fastened to the support profiles using clips. They are positioned into the clip - which has first been fastened to the profile - locking into the groove of the underside of the PITERAK. For safety reasons, this operation shall be performed by 2 people. Two clips are inserted on each side of the Piterak in its upper "male" part. The two clips are then fastened to the support profiles using selftapping screws Ø 5.5 x 22 mm (2 screws per clip). The 10 mm graduations of the support profile allow to use them as a guide to place these clips and to avoid horizontal chalking to position the clips (spacing between clips of 20 cm for the 21.7 cm PITERAK and of 25 cm for the 26.7 cm PITERAK). It is also possible to use a 2 to 6 mm thick installation shim, to fasten the clip in order to avoid all contact between the clip and the PITERAK. Furthermore, as specified earlier, a 10 to 20 mm wide free vertical joint shall be left between the ends of the PITERAK panels to allow for both a free expansion of the materials and the replacement of the PITERAK panels if this turns out to be necessary as part of the maintenance of the structure.

• Standard PITERAK panels, • Standard profiles, • Standard clips. Re-entrant angles are dealt with by butting 2 standard PITERAK panels against each other and fastened to the wall as described in figure 9. It is necessary to leave a 2 to 5 mm wide free vertical joint between the two panels.

8.53 Detail at the bottom: start (See fig. 10) At the bottom of the wall, it is necessary to start with an L-shaped metal section, fixed to the vertical wall, with the effect of protecting the various components which constitute the cladding and enabling the drain-off of any water thanks to a slope of its lower part of at least 3%. PITERAK panels of the first row are fastened using standard clips.

8.54 Detail at the top: end (See fig. 11) At the top of the wall, the PITERAK panel shall be protected by a waterproof flashing, overlapping as shown on the diagram figure 11. The top row of PITERAK panels is fastened using of top clips. The positioning and fastening of top clips to the profiles is the same as for standard clips.

8.55 Dealing with openings (see fig. 12 to 14) As a general rule, junctions between PITERAK panels and joinery are done by metal frames fastened to the support profiles of the PITERAK panels, overlapping or butting the outside surface of the PITERAKs. However, it is possible to employ more traditional finishes: • At the lintel, the PITERAK start in the same way as the « dealing with the installation of PITERAK at the bottom » (see Figure 14). • At the sill, the installation is performed using a metal flashing in 1 compliance with DTU 37.1 and with « dealing with the installation of PITERAK at the top » (see Figure 13). • At the jambs (See fig. 12), extensions are dealt with using metal profiles (L-sections, etc.). • In case metal sub-frames are used, the finish is provided by the subframe itself (it is then necessary to size the sub-frame based on the space left by the cladding). Sub-frames and joinery items must be installed in compliance with their relative DTUs or Technical Approvals.

9. Maintenance and repair 9.1 Cleaning No preventive treatment is to be applied to the PITERAK without the manufacturer's agreement.

9.2 Replacement of an accidentally damaged PITERAK In case a product is accidentally broken, each PITERAK can be easily replaced. The replacement is done in the following steps: • Remove the broken PITERAK panel, • Remove the clips at the bottom part,

8.5 Dealing with irregular points

• Position the replacement clip (top clip ref. L9902),

Dealing with irregular points is detailed in Figures 8 to 14.

• Prepare the replacement Piterak: - trace the cut-out area (area in which the clip at the bottom part is going to fit),

8.51 External angles (see fig. 8) External angles are dealt with using the following parts: • Right or left angle PITERAK, • Angle profiles, • Standard clips. The angle profile is fixed to the angle of the wall using brackets as described in Figure 8. The right and left Angle PITERAK are then fastened to the angle profiles in the same way as the standard PITERAK panels. The angle profile is also graduated every 10 mm to facilitate the positioning of the clips. A 3 to 5 mm wide joint shall be left at the angle between the two angle PITERAK.

- using the circular saw, do the cut-out over a height of 4 mm. • Position the replacement Piterak, beginning with its top part following by its the bottom part. The detailed procedure for replacing PITERAK panels is described in a set of specifications, prepared by TERREAL and available upon request.

External angles can also be dealt with using a metal profile fixed to the GF angle profile. 1

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DTU - Documents Techniques Unifiés (Unified Codes of Practice) 2/04-1071

B. Results of experiments Tests performed at CSTB: • Impact resistance: Test Report no. CL01-112. • Wind effects resistance: Test Report no. CL01-113. • Mechanical bending strength: Test Report no. CL01-114. • Mechanical strength of the clips: Test Report no. CL02-038

C. References 2

Since 2002, 3600 m have been covered using PITERAK.

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Technical Files Tables and Figures

Figure 1 – PITERAK 217 mm

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Figure 2 – PITERAK 267 mm

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Figure 3 – Angle PITERAK

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Figure 4 – Standard clip.

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Figure 4.2 – Top clip.

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Figure 5.1 – Standard profile.

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Figure 5.2 – Angle profile.

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Figure 6.1 – Standard panel installation.

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Figure 6.2 – Standard panel installation - Vertical cut.

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Figure 7.1 – Standard panel installation, with insulation.

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Figure 7.2 – Standard panel installation, with insulation - Vertical cut.

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Figure 8 – External angle.

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Figure 9 – Re-entrant angle.

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Figure 10 – Installation at the bottom.

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Figure 11 – Installation at the top.

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Figure 12 – Dealing with window jambs.

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Figure 13 – Dealing with window sills.

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Figure 14 – Dealing with lintels.

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Figure 15 – Dealing with an expansion joint.

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Figure 16 – Replacement procedure.

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Figure 17 – Compartmenting the air layer.

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Figure 18 – Fractioning the metal frame.

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